Journal
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
Volume 114, Issue 11, Pages 4239-4249Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4662-1
Keywords
Dengue vector; Black pepper; GC-MS; Superoxide; Carboxylesterase; Larvicide; Histopathology
Categories
Funding
- Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University [RGP 010]
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The leaves of Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) were evaluated for chemical constituents and mosquito larvicidal activity against the larvae of Aedes aegypti. GC and GC-MS analyses revealed that the crude extracts contain 16 compounds. Thymol (20.77 %) and double dagger-elemene (10.42 %) were identified as the major constituents followed by cyclohexene, 4-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-1-(1 methylethyl)-, (3R-trans) (7.58 %), 4,6-octadienoic acid, 2-acetyl-2-methyl-, ethyl ester (6.98), 2(3H)-furanone, 3,4-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl) dihydro-, (3R-trans) (6.95 %), 1-naphthalenol, 1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, [1R-(1A ,4a,4aa,8aa)]-(Cedreanol) (5.30 %), trans-2-undecen-1-ol (4.48 %), phytol (4.22 %), 1,6-cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-,[s-(E,E)] (3.78 %) and 2,6-dimethyl-3,5,7-octatriene-2-ol, Z,Z (2.39 %). Larval mortality was observed after 3 h of exposure period. The crude extract showed remarkable larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti (LC50 = 34.97). The larvae of Ae. aegypti exposed to the P. nigrum, significantly reduced the activities of alpha- and beta-carboxylesterases and superdioxide. Further, P. nigrum extract was severely affecting the mosquito gut cellular organelles. Based on the results, the chemical constituents of crude extracts of P. nigrum can be considered as a new source of larvicide for the control of Ae. aegypti.
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