Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haoyang Zhao, Wenzong Yin, Guangfei Ding, Jinyun Ju, Xu Tang, Renjie Chen, Jianhui Yuan, Aru Yan
Summary: This study successfully recycled anisotropic magnetic powder from wasted magnets using the HDDR method, and optimized the preparation parameters to obtain powder with good magnetic properties and microstructure. The results show that this method has potential in recycling Ce-contained sintered magnets.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tarini Prasad Mishra, Lennart Leich, Martin Krengel, Sebastian Weber, Arne Roettger, Martin Bram
Summary: Electric current-assisted sintering technologies show great promise for processing NdFeB magnets, allowing for easy sintering of powders with suboptimal particle size distribution and morphology. Flash spark plasma sintering, especially when combined with external pressure, can achieve pronounced anisotropic magnetic properties. These ECAS technologies also have potential for recycling waste magnet materials and are compared to established processing technologies.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhihan Zhang, Wang Dong, Chenghao Liu, Zhi Wang, Wanhai Xiao, Guoyu Qian, Guobiao Li
Summary: This study explores the mechanism between the phase structure transformation of roasted rare earth solid waste and the leaching behavior of rare earth elements. The results show improved oxidation efficiency of NdFeB oil sludge with increasing temperature. The analysis of a leaching model suggests that the dense oxide layer and the RE insoluble structure affect the leaching efficiency of RE elements. Additionally, an external oxide layer is verified on the microparticle of roasted NOS.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Elif Emil Kaya, Ozan Kaya, Srecko Stopic, Sebahattin Gurmen, Bernd Friedrich
Summary: Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets play a crucial role in various technological applications due to their exceptional magnetic properties. It is expected that the production of NdFeB will increase significantly in the near future, leading to higher demand for rare earth elements (REE) and making their recovery essential. This study proposes a new promising process flowsheet for the recovery of rare earth elements from NdFeB magnets, which involves acid baking, hydrolysis, and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis methods. The synthesized mixed REE-oxide powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, showing spherical particles with sizes between 362 and 540 nm.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fusheng Xiao, Wentao Hu, Jianqi Zhao, Hongmin Zhu
Summary: In recent years, the production of NdFeB magnets has increased significantly due to global low-carbon development. This leads to a large amount of discarded products in the future. Additionally, a substantial amount of industrial waste is generated in the manufacturing process of these magnets. The recovery of rare earth elements from magnet scraps helps stabilize the global rare earth supply chain, and recycling iron from NdFeB scrap can reduce the environmental impact of NdFeB products.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qisong Luo, Yang Luo, Zilong Wang, Haijun Peng, Wenlong Yan, Wenjian Yan, Tianhao Li, Shengjie Zhu, Dunbo Yu
Summary: Anisotropic NdFeB/SmFeN hybrid bonded magnets were prepared using warm compaction process under an orientation magnetic field. The addition of SmFeN powders increased the density and remanence of the hybrid magnets. The magnetization process and the interactions between the two powders were studied. The addition of SmFeN powders promoted the rotation of NdFeB powders, leading to a higher degree of alignment. The coercivity of the hybrid magnets decreased slowly with the increase of low coercivity SmFeN.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ludwig W. Blenau, Daniel Vogt, Oliver Lonski, Abuzar Abrar, Olga Fabrichnaya, Alexandros Charitos
Summary: Nd, Pr, and Dy are critical raw materials for rare earth permanent magnets, which are essential components in electric vehicles and wind turbine generators. Currently, China is the main producer of rare earth elements, with no established recycling industry for rare earth permanent magnets. A two-step process is proposed to separate iron-depleted slag phase and molten iron phase from the FeOx-CaO-Al2O3-REE2O3 molten slag. The slag has high concentrations of REE and can be used as a selective collector phase. The downstream hydrometallurgical processing of the slag shows promising results for the recovery of REE2O3, CaO, and Al2O3.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Liping Zhang, Wanhai Xiao, Guobiao Li, Dong Wang, Jian Wu, Haojie Du, Yong Lin, Chunlin Ye, Tao Qi, Zhi Wang
Summary: A high-efficiency hydrometallurgy process was proposed to extract valuable elements from NdFeB leaching residues (NLRs) and recover additives by reductive acid leaching. The optimal leaching conditions and the reaction mechanism were investigated. Moreover, the reducing agent was successfully recovered from the leaching solution.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Srecko Stopic, Buse Polat, Hanwen Chung, Elif Emil-Kaya, Slavko Smiljanic, Sebahattin Gurmen, Bernd Friedrich
Summary: NdFeB magnets are widely used in various technological applications due to their remarkable magnetic properties. However, their limited recycling and China's monopoly on rare earth elements supply pose economic and environmental challenges. This paper proposes a pyrometallurgical recycling method for end-of-life NdFeB magnets by oxidizing them in air. The experimental results show that the material is completely oxidized at 1100 degrees C, resulting in the formation of various metal oxides.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhang Zhihan, Wang Zhi, Wang Dong, Lin Yong, Xiao Wanhai, Liu Chenghao, Liuyimei Yang, Wu Jian, Li Guobiao
Summary: Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial for industrial development, and it is important to recycle them from waste containing REEs; however, challenges of high acid consumption and heavy pollution still persist. This study found that the insoluble phase of NdFeO3 significantly inhibited the leaching efficiency of REEs in roasted NdFeB waste. Mechanical activation was an effective method to destroy the structure of the insoluble NdFeO3 phase and increase the leaching efficiency of REEs. This work provides a green strategy and theoretical basis for efficiently recovering REEs from NdFeB waste.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Elif Emil-Kaya, Ozan Kaya, Srecko Stopic, Sebahattin Gurmen, Bernd Friedrich
Summary: NdFeB magnets are crucial for technological applications due to the presence of rare earth elements (REEs). This research focuses on the recycling strategy of NdFeB magnets, aiming to minimize iron content through hydrolysis and hematite precipitation. Experimental parameters affecting Fe3+ hydrolysis and iron oxide hydroxide formation were examined, and ANOVA analysis was used to investigate the influence of temperature, time, and water addition on iron and REEs precipitation in an autoclave. The optimal conditions for maximum REEs extraction and minimum iron extraction were determined, and the validation experiments confirmed their effectiveness.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Aarti Kumari, Sushanta Kumar Sahu
Summary: The paper emphasizes on the importance of critical raw materials (CRMs) for green energy technologies, particularly in the windmill and electric vehicle (EVs) sectors. The Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) magnet is an essential component of these technologies, containing rare earth elements (neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium) that fall under critical category due to their limited availability and high demand. The paper reviews the supply risk associated with these materials and explores the potential of recycling rare earth metals from spent NdFeB magnets. Different recycling methods, including direct recycling and various extraction techniques, are critically examined. Future research is needed to develop an efficient and eco-friendly process for selective extraction and separation of critical rare earths from spent NdFeB magnets in order to avoid the supply risk of these materials.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ke Xu, Weida Huang, Xuefeng Liao, Hongya Yu, Xichun Zhong, Zhongwu Liu
Summary: In this study, a new one-step hot deformation (HD) process was proposed for fabricating NdFeB magnets using amorphous powders. The effects of deformation ratio on the microstructure, magnetic properties, and corrosion resistance were investigated. The results showed that one-step HD process can significantly improve the properties of NdFeB magnets, and the Co element segregation has important effects on the temperature and thermal stability of the magnets.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zhe Wang, Chunjiang Li, Zhancheng Guo
Summary: In this study, the removal of oxide inclusions from waste NdFeB magnets by supergravity technology was investigated and optimized for maximum oxide removal. The supergravity technology was proven to be highly efficient in removing oxide from waste NdFeB magnets for recycling, and a design for an industrial reactor was proposed.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Aarti Kumari, Raman Raj, N. S. Randhawa, Sushanta Kumar Sahu
Summary: Rare earth elements are crucial for modern technological applications and can be efficiently recovered from spent magnets. This study focused on developing an energy-efficient process for rare earth recovery from spent NdFeB magnet, utilizing lower temperature chlorination roasting and water leaching. By optimizing the chlorination roasting conditions and parameters, this process achieved selective and quantitative recovery of rare earths with high purity oxide production and minimal waste.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Mohammad Kimiabeigi, Richard S. Sheridan, James D. Widmer, Allan Walton, Matthew Farr, Ben Scholes, I. Rex Harris
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Awais Ikram, M. Farhan Mehmood, Mateja Podlogar, Anas Eldosouky, Richard Stuart Sheridan, Muhammad Awais, Allan Walton, Marjeta Macek Krzmanc, Tomaz Tomse, Spomenka Kobe, Saso Sturm, Kristina Zuzek Rozman
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Safaa Al-Ali, Frances Wall, Richard Sheridan, Joe Pickles, Richard Pascoe
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Awais Ikram, M. Farhan Mehmood, Zoran Samardzija, Richard Stuart Sheridan, Muhammad Awais, Allan Walton, Saso Sturm, Spomenka Kobe, Kristina Zuzek Rozman
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Awais Ikram, Farhan Mehmood, Richard Stuart Sheridan, Muhammad Awais, Allan Walton, Anas Eldosouky, Saso Sturm, Spomenka Kobe, Kristina Zuzek Rozman
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Abd El-Moez A. Mohamed, Ji Zou, Richard S. Sheridan, Kai Bongs, Moataz M. Attallah
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Awais Ikram, Muhammad Awais, Richard Sheridan, Allan Walton, Spomenka Kobe, Franci Pusavec, Kristina Zuzek Rozman
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Awais Ikram, Muhammad Awais, Richard Sheridan, Allan Walton, Spomenka Kobe, Franci Pusavec, Kristina Zuzek Rozman
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Christian Jonsson, Muhammad Awais, Lydia Pickering, Malik Degri, Wei Zhou, Andy Bradshaw, Richard Sheridan, Vicky Mann, Allan Walton
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abd El-Moez A. Mohamed, R. S. Sheridan, Kai Bongs, Moataz M. Attallah
Summary: This study introduces a deep analysis to correlate metallurgical characters with magnetic properties in laser powder bed fusion processed Ni-Fe-Mo for producing 3D prototypes with maximum magnetic shielding performance. The optimization of magnetic properties through laser parametric study achieved the best results, but further research is needed for improving magnetic properties.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Rasul Campbell, Yong Zhang, Richard Stuart Sheridan
Summary: This study examined the influence of grain size in sintered permanent magnets on the growth of an internal oxidation zone (IOZ). The results showed that the smaller-grained magnet had a slower growth rate of IOZ and a smaller irredeemable loss in magnetic remanence (B-r) compared to the larger-grained magnet.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Abd El-Moez A. Mohamed, Minki S. Jeong, Richard M. Sheridan, Moataz Attallah
Summary: This study aims to assess the processability of LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)13 magnetocaloric material using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and optimize the process parameters. The results show that increasing laser energy density can decrease the porosity fraction of the samples, but also induce cracks and keyholes. After thermal heat treatment, the magnetic entropy change of the samples increases with the increase in laser energy density, but samples built with higher energy density exhibit more cracks. The optimum condition is determined to be an energy density of 123 J/mm3, which results in the lowest defects and highest room temperature magnetic entropy change.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kun Sun, Sheng Li, Abd El-Moez A. Mohamed, Kan Ma, Ranxi Duan, Oliver Peter Brooks, Minki Jeong, Jake Head, Richard S. Sheridan, Moataz M. Attallah
Summary: This study investigates the effects of heat treatment time on the micro-structure and magnetocaloric effect of laser powder bed fusion NiMnSn alloys. Increasing the heat treatment time improves chemical homogeneity and decreases local misorientation. This is associated with an enhancement in the maximum magnetic entropy change values around the martensitic transformation temperature.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
K. Kirby, A. Shaaban, A. Walton, D. Kennedy, A. J. Williams, O. P. Brooks, R. S. Sheridan, I. R. Harris
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2020)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yongxiang Yang, Allan Walton, Richard Sheridan, Konrad Gueth, Roland Gauss, Oliver Gutfleisch, Matthias Buchert, Britt-Marie Steenari, Tom Van Gerven, Peter Tom Jones, Koen Binnemans
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2017)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bibhutibhusan Nayak, S. Narayana Jammalamadaka
Summary: This article presents a method for remote detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using modified cantilever beam magnetometry (CBM). By combining a magnetostrictive Fe70Ga30 cantilever with optical detection technique, researchers were able to detect high concentrations of BSA remotely. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of this method in estimating the magnetostriction of thin films.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yu Hao, R. E. Camley, Z. Celinski
Summary: Magnetic particles have various applications and their magnetic state is determined by their size and the strength of an applied magnetic field. Numerical simulations were performed to study the effect of an applied field on the critical size of single-domain magnetic particles, and the critical field at which a particle becomes single-domain was determined.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nitesh Singh, Naresh Kumar, Dharohar Sahadot, Anil Annadi, Vidyadhar Singh, Murtaza Bohra
Summary: The unique magnetic properties of FM/AFM and hard-FM/soft-FM nanocomposite thin films have significant relevance for numerous applications. The composition and performance of different magnetic phases in the nanocomposite films can be significantly affected by the laser ablation conditions and annealing temperature.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alya Ali Musaed, Samir Salem Al-Bawri, Khaled Aljaloud, Wazie M. Abdulkawi, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mandeep Jit Singh, Zaini Sakawi, Husam Hamid Ibrahim
Summary: This research presents a wideband tunable metamaterial for body-centric applications in the millimeter-wave frequency band. The proposed metamaterial has a wide operating frequency range and enhanced gain, making it suitable for improving the antenna performance in 5G wireless communication systems.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Binod K. Rai, Boris Maiorov, Krzysztof Gofryk, Patrick O'Rourke, Catherine Housley, Henry Ajo, Asraf Sawon, Arjun K. Pathak, Narayan Poudel, Qiang Zhang, Travis J. Williams, Matthias Frontzek
Summary: This manuscript reports on the structural and magnetic properties of NdCuGa3. The study confirmed the crystal structure and magnetic phase transition of NdCuGa3 using XRD, neutron diffraction, magnetization, and specific heat measurements. The neutron diffraction data further confirmed the antiferromagnetic phase of NdCuGa3.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haonan Li, Cong Li, Hailiang Huang, Guodong Hao, Fei Wang
Summary: The electronic structure and ferroelectric-ferromagnetic coupling properties of Y-doped and vacancy-containing GaN-ZnO heterojunctions are systematically investigated. The magnetism in vacancy-containing systems is generated by the spin polarization of unpaired electrons induced by cationic vacancies, while in Y-doped systems, bound magnetic polarons are formed by the orbital hybridization of s-state and d-state electrons of Y-doped elements.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Ijaz, Hafeez Ullah, Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi, Mati Ullah Khan, Zaheer Abbas, Sana Ullah Asif
Summary: M-type BaFe11.4-xAlxCo0.6O19 hexaferrites with Al3+ substitutions were synthesized using the co-precipitation method followed by Sonochemical process. The synthesized materials were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, VSM, SEM, and LCR meter. The results showed that aluminum doping decreased the band gap and enhanced the magnetic and dielectric properties of the hexaferrites, making them suitable for various applications.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oleg I. Utesov
Summary: The elementary excitations spectrum of anisotropic frustrated antiferromagnets in the fan phase is discussed. It is found that the low-energy part of the spectrum consists of a gapless phason branch with linear dispersion and a gapped optical branch corresponding to the fan structure amplitude oscillations. In the high-energy part of the spectrum, the excitations are similar to the magnons of the fully polarized phase.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Ya. Simonovskii, Alexander A. Yanovskii, Arthur R. Zakinyan
Summary: In this study, the departure frequency of vapor bubbles during boiling of ferrofluid in a horizontal magnetic field is experimentally investigated. Two methods, visual and inductive, are used to measure the frequency of bubble departure. The results show that the bubble departure frequency can decrease with increasing magnetic field strength and increase with increasing temperature of the heat-emitting surface. A linear stability analysis is conducted to analyze the influence of the magnetic field on the frequency of bubble formation during ferrofluid boiling.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oleg Heczko, Michal Rames, Vit Kopecky, Petr Vertat, Michal Varga, Ladislav Straka
Summary: Heusler Ni-Mn-Ga alloys are multiferroic materials that exhibit magnetic shape memory (MSM) phenomena. By doping transition elements into Ni2MnGa alloys, the transformation temperatures can be modified and complex behaviors can be observed, such as the variation in saturation magnetization and the effects of elemental substitution on compound properties.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Carlos Ariel Samudio Perez, Ariel Flaig de Marchi
Summary: This study investigates the electronic and magnetic properties of the Full-Heusler Fe2MnAs alloy using first-principles calculations. The alloy may form spontaneously and exhibits a ferromagnetic order and high spin-polarization. It can be transformed into a half-metal by contracting the lattice constant. Additionally, certain defects contribute to the spin-polarization of the alloy, making it a fully half-metallic material.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Satish Geeri, Aditya Kolakoti, Prasadarao Bobbili
Summary: In this study, an electromagnetic wave-absorbing material was fabricated using a polymer composite material with fiber orientation and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as filler materials, along with a Perfect Electric Conducting material. The experiments demonstrated strong electromagnetic absorbing properties for the composites with PEC-coated and non-PEC-coated materials. Mechanical, thermal, and morphological analysis confirmed the similar trend in properties. CRITIC analysis helped identify the sequence order of sustaining properties for the fabricated composites.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yankai Chen, Ruoxue Zhang, Yukai An
Summary: The piezoelectricity, valley character, and magnetic properties of 2H-VS2 monolayer were studied, revealing its potential applications in spintronics and valleytronics due to its bipolar magnetic semiconductor characteristics and superior physical properties.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Leonardo S. Lima
Summary: This study investigates the thermodynamic quantities, such as entropy, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility, in the next-nearest-neighbors Heisenberg model on a honeycomb-kagome lattice. The linear spin-wave approach is applied to obtain the temperature-dependent behavior of these quantities. Additionally, the entanglement negativity, a quantifier of quantum entanglement, and the spin Hall conductivity are also studied. The results show that all the thermodynamic quantities, as well as the entanglement negativity and spin Hall conductivity, exhibit an increasing trend with temperature. Furthermore, it is found that all the analyzed quantities approach zero in the low-temperature limit, consistent with experimental observations.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhaoxing Wang, Maximilian Kai Reimann, Wang Chen, Yikun Zhang, Rainer Poettgen
Summary: The Mo2FeB2-type compounds RE2Ga2Mg (RE = Tm, Er, Ho) exhibit a large magnetocaloric effect, making them promising for cryogenic magnetic cooling applications.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2024)
