Article
Polymer Science
Xue Li, Zaiqian Yu, Long Zhang
Summary: In this study, green reactive flame-retardant polyether polyols (GPP) were successfully synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of environmentally friendly melamine resin (EFMR) with propylene oxide, and applied to prepare flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). The addition of GPP greatly improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the RPUFs, making them commercially viable. The GPP shows great potential for the development of specified flame-retardant PU materials.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanfeng Lu, Peiyi Zhao, Yajun Chen, Tiandong Huang, Yunlan Liu, Dan Ding, Guangxian Zhang
Summary: By synthesizing ammonium starch phosphate (ASTP) to treat cotton fabrics, it can enhance flame retardancy and wash durability, but may reduce the physical properties of the fabric. ASTP is grafted onto the surface of cotton fibers through P-O-C covalent bonds, effectively improving the flame retardancy of the cotton fabric.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shixian Zhang, Xinyu Ma, Yujie Zhu, Ruiwei Guo
Summary: A series of poly(acrylate polyether)s (RPA) were synthesized by RAFT copolymerization and used as dispersants for the dispersion copolymerization of styrene/acrylonitrile in polyethers to prepare graft polyether polyol (POP) with high solid content. The effects of RPA structure, dosage, and feed ratio on the properties of POP were investigated and optimized conditions were obtained.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Fanfan Chen, Chiyi Wang, Xiaoyun Liu, Zhifen Wang, Lin Fang, Yucang Zhang
Summary: The high-value utilization of shrimp and crab shell marine waste has been achieved by converting solid chitin into liquid low-molecular-weight polyol compounds using liquefaction technology. Chitin liquefaction was conducted with sulfuric acid as the catalyst and propanetriol and polyethylene glycol as the liquefying agents. The resulting chitin liquefaction product was characterized and used to synthesize a polyurethane foam with improved flame retardance and thermal-insulation properties compared to traditional polyol polyurethane foam.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanfeng Lu, Peiyi Zhao, Yajun Chen, Yonghua Lu, Guangxian Zhang
Summary: A novel polymer ammonium salt flame retardant was synthesized and applied to cotton fabrics. The treated fabrics showed excellent flame retardancy and durability, while maintaining good tensile strength.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Guochao Yang, Qiuhui Zhang
Summary: A bio-based supramolecular flame retardant was prepared by vacuum-pressure impregnation and high-temperature in situ polymerization, which can improve the flame retardant performance and anti-loss property of plywood.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Qirui Gong, Liangyu Qin, Niangui Wang
Summary: In this paper, a vegetable oil-based flame retardant RPUF was prepared by reacting a flame retardant DOPO compound with maleic anhydride, diethanolamine, and Triethoxy(3-glycidyloxypropyl)silane. The foam showed excellent flame retardant properties and smoke-suppressing effect, while maintaining good mechanical properties.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Mahmoud H. Abu Elella, Emad S. Goda, Kuk Ro Yoon, Sang Eun Hong, Mahmoud S. Morsy, Rasha A. Sadak, Heba Gamal
Summary: In this study, a facile and eco-friendly vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) of pyrrole on cotton/polyester substrate with silver nitrate was introduced, leading to the formation of polypyrrole-silver composite (Ppy-Ag) as a coating layer with superior conductivity, antibacterial properties, and flame retardancy.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Yanfeng Lu, Dan Ding, Yunlan Liu, Yonghua Lu, Fengxiu Zhang, Guangxian Zhang
Summary: A novel polysaccharide flame retardant (DOPSAP) was synthesized and characterized. Cotton fabrics treated with DOPSAP exhibited excellent flame retardancy and durability. DOPSAP inhibited the heat release during combustion and improved the mechanical properties of the treated cotton fabric.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sin-Nan Chen, Ching Lin, Hao-Lun Hsu, Xin-Han Chen, Yu-Chang Huang, Tar-Hwa Hsieh, Ko-Shan Ho, Yu-Jun Lin
Summary: A flame-retardant coating based on magnesium potassium phosphate hydrate (MKPC) with low thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance, compressive strength, and bonding strength has been developed. Proper additives improve its flame-retardant properties and mechanical strength. The MKPC coated on a steel substrate meets the requirements for flame-resistance and flame-resistance rating, effectively establishing flame-retardancy.
Article
Polymer Science
Jingyu Wang, Bo Xu, Xiangdong Wang, Yanting Liu
Summary: PDEP, a bi-functional flame retardant for rigid polyurethane foam, contains phosphophenanthrene (DOPO) and a phosphate (DEP) for different functions at varying temperatures. Experimental confirmation of its flame retardant modes of action and enhanced flame retardancy in RPUF were observed with the addition of expandable graphite (EG) as an additive-type flame retardant.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Dan Ding, Kunling Liu, Yunlan Liu, Yanfeng Lu, Yonghua Lu, Yao Cheng, Jinhao Li, Guangxian Zhang, Fengxiu Zhang
Summary: A halogen-free and formaldehyde-free phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic flame retardant was synthesized and applied to cotton fabric. The results showed that the flame retardant had excellent protective effects and did not significantly affect the softness and breaking strength of the cotton fabric.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Qian Yang, Chihan Chen, Zhimin Li, Changjie Chen, Xinhou Wang
Summary: This study investigates the flame-retardant properties of PES/CF/PET fiber hybrid composites and finds that the optimum parameters are a PES/CF/PET fiber content of 65/30/5 wt%, a hot-pressing temperature of 270 degrees C, a hot-pressing pressure of 35 MPa, and a hot-pressing duration of 50 min. The composite material has a lower density, achieves the UL-94 V-0 flammability rating, and exhibits low heat release rate and smoke density.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yannick Branson, Simone Soeltl, Carolin Buchmann, Ren Wei, Lena Schaffert, Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst, Lukas Reisky, Gernot Jaeger, Uwe T. Bornscheuer
Summary: Enzymatic degradation and recycling are effective ways to reduce the environmental impact of plastics. However, there has been no efficient enzyme reported for the hydrolysis of polyurethanes. In this study, researchers discovered urethanases from a metagenome library constructed from soil exposed to polyurethane waste. They then developed a chemoenzymatic process using urethanase for polyurethane foam recycling.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Yonghua Lu, Qinyu He, Yajun Chen, Guangxian Zhang
Summary: Introducing Triethylenetetramine phosphonate ammonium as a flame retardant on cotton fabric significantly enhances its flame retardancy and durability without damaging the original structure of the cotton fibers.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
F. Javier Ramos, Juan Carlos de Haro, Juan Francisco Rodriguez, Angel Perez, Manuel Carmona
Summary: The production of oleic-based trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters via esterification reaction was explored using the environmentally friendly catalyst methanesulfonic acid. The study focused on the homogeneous acid catalyst, the optimal OA/TMP molar ratio, esterification reaction enhancement, and a new purification technique. The effects of intermediate products and temperature on kinematic viscosity were investigated. The findings revealed the impact of different factors on the viscosity of the products.
BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sonia Lopez, Julian Rodriguez-Lopez, M. Teresa Garcia, Juan F. Rodriguez, Jose M. Perez-Ortiz, Maria J. Ramos, Ignacio Gracia
Summary: In this study, novel polymer-drug conjugates were synthesized and characterized. These conjugates, consisting of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and privileged scaffolds with anticancer properties, were able to self-assemble into micelles and load other anticancer drugs. The sustained and controlled drug release profiles observed for paclitaxel and curcumin in the conjugates demonstrated the stability and potential of these conjugates as co-delivery carriers for synergistic cancer therapy.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Maria del Prado Garrido, Ana Maria Borreguero, Francisco Javier Redondo, David Padilla, Manuel Carmona, Maria Jesus Ramos, Juan Francisco Rodriguez
Summary: In this study, St-MMA particles with PEGMA and/or GMA brushes were synthesized and found to effectively remove bilirubin by improving the BSA immobilization capacity and reducing processing time. Attachment of BSA to the particles reduced bilirubin concentration in plasma from levels that threaten patient survival to levels close to those of healthy individuals.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daniel Lopez-Pedrajas, Ana M. Borreguero, F. Javier Ramos, Juan Francisco Rodriguez, Macarena Jimenez-Vazquez, Manuel Carmona
Summary: Phase Change Dispersions (PCDs) with large colloidal stability were produced using gum arabic (GA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixtures as dispersant agent. The interplay between PCD base properties and final phase change slurry (PCS) characteristics was observed. Homogeneous PCSs were obtained from GA/SDS mass ratios of 70/30 and 40/60, while two phase products were generated from mass ratios 20/80 or 0/100. The PCS prepared with a GA/SDS mass ratio of 40/60 satisfied the European classification as nanomaterial.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Fernando de Lera-Garrido, Rocio Dominguez, M. Paz Fernandez-Liencres, Cristina Martin, Juan Tolosa, Eva M. Garcia-Frutos, Josefina Perles, Johan Hofkens, Joaquin C. Garcia-Martinez, Andres Garzon-Ruiz, Amparo Navarro
Summary: The impact of substituting n-alkyl and n-alkoxy side chains with bulkier side groups on the photophysics of model fluorophores was analyzed. The bulky side groups were found to significantly influence the non-radiative deactivation. Aggregation-induced enhanced emission was attributed to the blocking of photoisomerization and restriction of intramolecular vibrations. In solid state, the bulky side groups played a determining role in the supramolecular structure and photophysical properties, particularly in tetra(styryl)benzene derivatives. Incorporating bulky side groups in oligo(styryl)benzenes improved device performance by reducing electromer formation. Tetra(styryl)benzenes, especially the tert-butyl derivative, exhibited better device performance with lower turn-on voltage, higher current density, and electroluminescent intensity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Maria del Prado Garrido, Ana Maria Borreguero, Maria Jesus Ramos, Manuel Carmona, Francisco Javier Redondo Calvo, Juan Francisco Rodriguez
Summary: This study developed styrene-divinylbenzene (St-DVB) particles with polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) and/or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) brushes for the removal of bilirubin in haemodialysis. Immobilizing bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto the particles increased their capacity for bilirubin removal and enabled quick and selective removal from plasma. The St-DVB-GMA-PEGMA particles wetted in ethyl lactate with BSA reduced the concentration of bilirubin in plasma by 53% in less than 30 minutes.
Article
Polymer Science
Juan Catala, Irene Guerra, Jesus Manuel Garcia-Vargas, Maria Jesus Ramos, Maria Teresa Garcia, Juan Francisco Rodriguez
Summary: This article introduces non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) based on biobased polyamines and polycarbonates as a sustainable alternative to conventional polyurethanes. A novel method is disclosed to control the crosslinking density of fully biobased isocyanate-free polyurethanes, and the synthesis procedure and influence of partial blocking of active polymerization sites are explored. Fully biobased NIPUs with targeted crosslinking density are successfully synthesized using hybrid NIPUs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maria del Prado Garrido, Juan Francisco Rodriguez, Maria Jesus Ramos, Manuel Carmona, Francisco Javier Redondo Calvo, Ana Maria Borreguero
Summary: The scale-up and economic feasibility of synthesizing St-MMA-GMA-PEGMA particles biofunctionalized with HSA were studied. The geometrical similarity between laboratory and pilot plant reactors was examined to develop a scaling-up process based on the criterion of constant Re number. A reaction was carried out in the pilot plant scale, confirming the suitability of the scale-up criterion as particles with similar characteristics and functional groups were obtained. The economic feasibility of an industrial plant producing HSA functionalized particles was addressed, showing a high internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV), as well as a short payback time.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Songbai Zhang, Vega Lloveras, Yufei Wu, Juan Tolosa, Joaquin C. Garcia-Martinez, Jose Vidal-Gancedo
Summary: Dual or multimodal imaging probes, such as metal-free organic species based on dendrimers, have been developed as powerful tools for disease diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical fluorescence imaging (OFI). In this study, six radical dendrimers were synthesized and characterized, demonstrating their paramagnetic properties for MRI contrast generation and fluorescence emission. This represents a significant development in the field of macromolecules with bimodal magnetic and fluorescent properties using organic radicals as the magnetic probe.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abraham Casas, Angel Perez, Maria Jesus Ramos
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether biodiesel mixed with triacetin, diacetin monoglyceride, meets the requirements established by EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. Measurements of various properties were conducted on the mixtures, and the results showed that both standards impose limits on the content of triacetin and diacetin monoglyceride, and ASTM D6751 limits the content of monoglycerides.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sorraya Najma Kinza Lelouche, Laura Albentosa-Gonzalez, Pilar Clemente-Casares, Catalina Biglione, Antonio Rodriguez-Dieguez, Juan Tolosa Barrilero, Joaquin Calixto Garcia-Martinez, Patricia Horcajada
Summary: Two novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), IEF-23 and IEF-24, based on an antibacterial tricarboxylate linker and zinc or copper cations, were synthesized and characterized. The antibacterial activity of these MOFs against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli was investigated, showing higher activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. This suggests the potential of these MOFs as antibacterial agents.
