Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jana Slovackova, Josef Slavik, Pavel Kulich, Josef Vecera, Ondrej Kovac, Hana Paculova, Nicol Strakova, Radek Fedr, Joao Pedro Silva, Felix Carvalho, Miroslav Machala, Jirina Prochazkova
Summary: This study found that polychlorinated organic pollutants can significantly alter sphingolipid metabolism and cellular morphology in neuronal cells in vitro, affecting neurogenesis. PCB153 was identified as the most prominent deregulator of sphingolipid metabolism, while TCDD and PCB11 also exhibited varying degrees of toxic effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina Ushio, Toshiki Ishikawa, Takakazu Matsuura, Izumi C. Mori, Maki Kawai-Yamada, Yoichiro Fukao, Minoru Nagano
Summary: In this study, the functions of MHP1 and MHL in Arabidopsis were investigated. The results showed that MHP1 and MHL are involved in synthesizing OCFAs and regulating immune responses in plants.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Loni Berkowitz, Cristian Salazar, Carol D. D. Ryff, Christopher L. L. Coe, Attilio Rigotti
Summary: This study investigated the association between blood sphingolipidomic profiles and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and other atherosclerotic risk factors. The findings suggest that a comprehensive sphingolipid profile is more informative about MetS than ceramides alone, and it may provide new insights into the pathophysiology and diabetic vs. cardiovascular risk in patients with MetS.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuewei Zhang, Wataru Sakamoto, Daniel Canals, Masumi Ishibashi, Masaya Matsuda, Kentaro Nishida, Masafumi Toyoshima, Shogo Shigeta, Makoto Taniguchi, Can E. Senkal, Toshiro Okazaki, Nobuo Yaegashi, Yusuf A. Hannun, Takeshi Nabe, Kazuyuki Kitatani
Summary: Regulation of sphingolipid metabolism has a significant impact on cellular homeostasis and cancer progression. Dysregulation of ceramide-centered metabolism is associated with metastatic potential in ovarian cancer cells. Specifically, the CerS2-C-24:1-ceramide axis, possibly counteracted by neutral ceramidase, plays a key role in limiting cell motility and metastatic potential.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomasz Charytoniuk, Klaudia Sztolsztener, Patrycja Bielawiec, Adrian Chabowski, Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka, Ewa Harasim-Symbor
Summary: It is known that metabolic disturbances, including obesity, increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. This study discovered that CBD treatment can inhibit the de novo ceramide synthesis pathway in the hearts of obese rats, leading to improved cardiac function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Antoni Olona, Charlotte Hateley, Sneha Muralidharan, Markus R. Wenk, Federico Torta, Jacques Behmoaras
Summary: Macrophage activation in response to TLR4 stimulation plays a key role in regulating fatty acid metabolism and de novo synthesis of membrane sphingolipids, influencing the progression and outcome of inflammatory responses.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fabian A. Vogelpohl, Antonio W. Gomes-Neto, Ingrid A. Martini, Camilo G. Sotomayor, Dion Groothof, Maryse C. J. Oste, Margaretha Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema, Frits A. J. Muskiet, Stefan P. Berger, Gerjan Navis, Ido P. Kema, Stephan J. L. Bakker
Summary: In kidney transplant recipients (KTR), very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFA) are inversely associated with infectious disease mortality, especially behenic acid (C22:0) showing a reverse correlation with all-cause mortality risk.
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Jung Ho Ahn, Eui Seok Lim, Sang Min Kim, Sung Ok Han, Youngsoon Um
Summary: This review comprehensively summarizes current advances in microbial production of medium chain length fatty acids (MCFAs) from renewable resources. Detailed information is provided on two major MCFA production pathways using various renewable resources and other auxiliary pathways. In addition, conventional and well-studied MCFA producers are classified into two categories, natural and synthetic producers, and their characteristics on MCFA production are outlined. Moreover, various engineering strategies employed to achieve the highest MCFAs production up to date are showcased together with key enzymes suggested for MCFA overproduction. Finally, future challenges and perspectives are discussed towards more efficient production of bio-based MCFA production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanyan Zhang, Jiazhe Bai, Jiane Zuo
Summary: This study conducted a long-term anaerobic fermentation of food waste without external electron donors for efficient production of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). The results showed that the highest concentration of total MCFAs reached 29,886.10 mg COD/L, with n-caproate being the primary product at a maximum concentration of 28,191.66 mg COD/L. Microbial composition analysis revealed the presence of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Sporanaerobacter, and Caproiciproducens as the core community throughout the process. Metagenomic analysis identified the reverse beta-oxidization (RBO) and fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathways, with FAB pathway being the main CE pathway. Moreover, Unclassified_-f_Ruminococcaceae and Limosilactobacillus were found to be the main participants in the FAB pathway. This study provides valuable insights into MCFAs production from organic waste.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lenny Haddad, Isabelle Louvet, Toufic Rizk, Serge Akoka, Gerald S. Remaud, Joseph Bejjani
Summary: Gas chromatography can be used to quantify unsaturated fatty acid isomers and odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk triacylglycerols, providing biomarkers for animal species, breeds, diet, geographic origin, and environmental conditions. By using a 30 m polyethylene glycol-2-nitroterephthalate column, the experiment time can be shortened while maintaining good separation between fatty acid isomers, making it applicable for cheese authentication and characterization. The quantitated fatty acids allowed the discovery of specific biomarkers for popular cheese varieties consumed in multiple countries, and the correlations between fatty acids in the cheese triacylglycerol matrix provided alternative means for characterization and authentication.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Peng Yu, Menghan Wu, Wanyin Bao, Hui Wang
Summary: In this study, three different inoculants (active sludge, pit mud and mixture of sludge and pit mud) were used to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) from food waste with ethanol as electron donor. The results showed that the mixed inoculum of sludge and pit mud produced the highest MCFA concentration. Microbial community analysis revealed the key genera involved in MCFA production. Metagenomic analysis identified the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway as the main pathway for MCFA synthesis. Overall, this study provides new strategies and insights for MCFA production.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Chieh-Yu Liao, Fanta Barrow, Nanditha Venkatesan, Yasuhiko Nakao, Amy S. Mauer, Gavin Fredrickson, Myeong Jun Song, Tejasav S. Sehrawat, Debanjali Dasgupta, Rondell P. Graham, Xavier S. Revelo, Harmeet Malhi
Summary: Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and non-specific S1P receptor antagonism alleviates NASH and reduces hepatic macrophage accumulation. However, the effect of S1P receptor antagonism on other immune cell populations in NASH is unknown. This study explores the modulation of S1P receptors and their impact on leukocyte recruitment in NASH.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Arkadiusz Szterk, Karol Ofiara, Bartosz Strus, Ilkhom Abdullaev, Karolina Ferenc, Maria Sady, Sylwia Flis, Zdzislaw Gajewski
Summary: The study aimed to examine the content and profile of fatty acids in different market original sheep, cow, and goat cheeses. Results showed that seasonal sheep and goat cheeses had the highest proportion of health-promoting fatty acids.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicolas Yeung, Sofia D. Forssten, Markku T. Saarinen, Mehreen Anjum, Arthur C. Ouwehand
Summary: This study investigated the impact of different food matrices on the delivery of HN019 probiotic via simulated human digestion. The results showed that HN019 could be detected from all tested matrices, including frozen culture, freeze-dried powder, and various food matrices. The observed changes in metabolite profile were consistent with the food matrix used. Hence, this study suggests that the food matrix supplemented with HN019 does not interfere with probiotic delivery to the colon via simulated human digestion.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lucas de Andrade, Evandro L. Duarte, Teresa Lamy, Julio H. K. Rozenfeld
Summary: C24:1 sulfatide (SF) is an endogenous activator of type II NKT cells. The thermotropic behavior and structure of SF dispersions and its mixtures with cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) bilayers were studied. SF and DODAB showed complete lipid miscibility, with SF decreasing the DODAB gel-phase packing and increasing the rigidity of the DODAB fluid phase. The results may have implications for the development of immunotherapeutic tools based on SF.
Article
Immunology
Hitoshi Nakayama, Eriko Oshima, Tomomi Hotta, Kei Hanafusa, Kota Nakamura, Noriko Yokoyama, Hideoki Ogawa, Kenji Takamori, Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
Summary: In this study, we found that the monoclonal antibodies TMDU3 and LA066 against LAM can strongly bind to MTB and MAC, respectively, inhibiting neutrophil phagocytosis of these bacteria. These results suggest that the interaction of LacCer-enriched lipid microdomains with mannan core is important for the treatment or diagnosis of both TB and non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuhisa Iwabuchi, Hitoshi Nakayama, Kei Hanafusa
Summary: The innate immune system of mammalian cells is the first defense line against pathogenic microorganisms. Phagocytes, the central players in this system, engulf microorganisms by recognizing pattern recognition receptors on their surface and pattern molecules expressed by the microorganisms. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) include glycans and glycoconjugates. This study focuses on the interaction between lactosylceramide (LacCer), a neutral glycosphingolipid, and specific molecules derived from pathogens, and how this interaction mediates important functions of human neutrophils.
GLYCOCONJUGATE JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuhisa Iwabuchi, Alessandro Prinetti
GLYCOCONJUGATE JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Mauri, Sandro Sonnino
Summary: The article discusses the structure and properties of a group of gangliosides that have been modified by mild alkaline treatment. It presents the occurrence and structure of gangliosides carrying N-acetyneuraminic acid O-acetylated in position 9, known as Neu5,9Ac(2), and gangliosides carrying a sialic acid that forms a lactone ring. Based on biochemical data, the possible biochemical role of these gangliosides in cell signaling and brain function maintenance is discussed.
GLYCOCONJUGATE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Grassi, Livia Cabitta, Simona Prioni, Laura Mauri, Maria Grazia Ciampa, Noriko Yokoyama, Kazuhisa Iwabuchi, Yana Zorina, Alessandro Prinetti
Summary: Failure of immune system to differentiate myelin components from foreign antigens is critical in multiple sclerosis. Autoantibodies against myelin lead to functional alterations in myelin-producing cells. Recombinant human IgM22 (rHIgM22) promotes remyelination and binds to sulfatide and other membrane lipids.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Teruaki Ono, Tomohiro Yamashita, Ryota Kano, Mariko Inoue, Shota Okada, Koki Kano, Schuichi Koizumi, Kazuhisa Iwabuchi, Yoshio Hirabayashi, Ichiro Matsuo, Yasuharu Nakashima, Hiroyuki Kamiguchi, Yuta Kohro, Makoto Tsuda
Summary: Pain transmission and processing in the nervous system are modulated by lysophospholipids, such as LysoPtdGlc, through GPR55 receptor. GPR55-deficient mice showed impaired induction of mechanical pain hypersensitivity in spinal cord compression (SCC) model. Among different models, only SCC recruited peripheral inflammatory cells, and GPR55 deficiency blunted these recruitments. Neutrophils were the first cells recruited to the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), and their depletion suppressed SCC-induced hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Motohide Murate, Noriko Yokoyama, Nario Tomishige, Ludovic Richert, Nicolas Humbert, Brigitte Pollet, Asami Makino, Nozomu Kono, Laura Mauri, Junken Aoki, Yasushi Sako, Sandro Sonnino, Naoko Komura, Hiromune Ando, Mika K. Kaneko, Yukinari Kato, Kei-ichiro Inamori, Jin-ichi Inokuchi, Yves Mely, Kazuhisa Iwabuchi, Toshihide Kobayashi
Summary: Research indicates that the binding ability of anti-GM3 monoclonal antibodies to GM3 is influenced by the fluidity of the membrane environment. Experimentation with fluorescent GM3 analogs suggests that GM3 tends to cluster in less fluid membranes. Additionally, fluorescent lifetime measurements show that the cell surface of high density melanoma cells is more fluid than that of low density cells. Lipidomics and fatty acid supplementation experiments suggest that monounsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidylcholine contributes to cell density-dependent membrane fluidity. Our findings suggest that anti-GM3 antibodies can sense the clustering of GM3, with the number and/or size of GM3 clusters differing between sparse and confluent melanoma cells.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex Pezzotta, Loredana Brioschi, Sabrina Carbone, Beatrice Mazzoleni, Vittorio Bontempi, Federica Monastra, Laura Mauri, Anna Marozzi, Marina Mione, Anna Pistocchi, Paola Viani
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with high mortality. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapy drug, but many patients do not respond to it. Dysregulation of sphingolipid signaling, Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity plays a crucial role in GBM development and resistance. Inhibition of Hh and HDAC6 using cyclopamine and tubastatin A respectively has shown promising results in reducing GBM cell viability and affecting lysosomal and sphingolipid metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorena Cuenca-Bermejo, Alessandro Prinetti, Karolina Kublickiene, Valeria Raparelli, Alexandra M. Kautzky-Willer, Colleen Norris, Louise Pilote, Maria Trinidad Herrero, GOING FWD Consortium
Summary: Brain aging leads to cognitive decline and increased vulnerability to age-related disorders. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in brain function, and changes in lipid composition have been linked to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This study focuses on sex differences in brain lipid changes during aging and in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The findings highlight the need to consider sex as an experimental variable in precision medicine research.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosaria Bassi, Michele Dei Cas, Cristina Tringali, Federica Compostella, Rita Paroni, Paola Giussani
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor. Sphingolipids play important roles in the regulation of GBM cell growth and chemotherapy response. This study demonstrates that overexpression of EGFRvIII in U87MG glioma cells confers resistance to the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), potentially through altered ceramide (Cer) metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryosuke Shimai, Kei Hanafusa, Hitoshi Nakayama, Eriko Oshima, Masaki Kato, Koki Kano, Ichiro Matsuo, Tetsuro Miyazaki, Takashi Tokano, Yoshio Hirabayashi, Kazuhisa Iwabuchi, Tohru Minamino
Summary: Atherosclerosis, characterized by intravascular plaques composed of macrophages and dead cells, is a major cause of cerebral and cardiovascular diseases. Excessive uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein leads to foam cell formation and progression of atherosclerosis. Lysophosphatidylglucoside/GPR55 signaling pathway may be involved in foam cell formation and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting atherosclerosis progression.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulia Lunghi, Erika Di Biase, Emma Veronica Carsana, Alexandre Henriques, Noelle Callizot, Laura Mauri, Maria Grazia Ciampa, Luigi Mari, Nicoletta Loberto, Massimo Aureli, Sandro Sonnino, Michael Spedding, Elena Chiricozzi, Maria Fazzari
Summary: Alterations in glycosphingolipid metabolism have been linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS. GM1, a sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid, protects motor neurons and supports their homeostasis. Injection of GM1 into ALS-afflicted motor neurons increases neuronal survival, preserving neurite networks.
Article
Immunology
Hitoshi Nakayama, Kei Hanafusa, Toshiyuki Yamaji, Eriko Oshima, Tomomi Hotta, Kenji Takamori, Hideoki Ogawa, Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
Summary: This study investigated the roles of CD11b and TMDU3 in macrophage phagocytosis of mycobacteria and subsequent bactericidal lysosomal fusion to phagosomes. CD11b knockout cells showed significant attenuation of phagocytosis of non-opsonized mycobacteria and LAM-conjugated beads, while recombinant human CD11b protein was found to bind to LAM. TMDU3 inhibited macrophage phagocytosis of non-opsonized mycobacteria, slightly increased the phagocytosis under opsonized conditions, and significantly enhanced CD11b-mediated bactericidal functions.