Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Renato Quispe, Seth Shay Martin, Erin Donelly Michos, Isha Lamba, Roger Scott Blumenthal, Anum Saeed, Joao Lima, Rishi Puri, Sarah Nomura, Michael Tsai, John Wilkins, Christie Mitchell Ballantyne, Stephen Nicholls, Steven Richard Jones, Mohamed Badreldin Elshazly
Summary: High remnant cholesterol (RC) levels are associated with ASCVD in individuals without known ASCVD, independent of traditional risk factors, LDL-C, and apoB levels. The discordant group with high RC/low LDL-C, but not the low RC/high LDL-C group, showed increased ASCVD risk compared to the concordant group.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alexander Sorokin, Christin G. Hong, Angel M. Aponte, Elizabeth M. Florida, Jingrong Tang, Nidhi Patel, Irina N. Baranova, Haiou Li, Philip M. Parel, Vicky Chen, Sierra R. Wilson, Emily L. Ongstad, Anna Collen, Martin P. Playford, Thomas L. Eggerman, Marcus Y. Chen, Kazuhiko Kotani, Alexander Bocharov, Alan T. Remaley
Summary: In this study, we found that oxidized apolipoprotein B and oxidized ApoA-I are associated with high-risk coronary plaque features and progression in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Review
Cell Biology
Timoteo Marchini, Sophie Hansen, Dennis Wolf
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall characterized by the formation of vessel-occluding plaques. Recent evidence suggests that autoreactive CD4(+) T cells recognizing self-peptides from Apolipoprotein B play a crucial role in driving the autoimmune response and contributing to plaque instability.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
G. B. John Mancini, Arnold Ryomoto, Iulia Iatan, Robert A. Hegele
Summary: The limitations of the Friedewald equation in cases of elevated triglyceride (TG) or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) have led to the development of alternative methods such as Martin-Hopkins and Sampson-National Institutes of Health (NIH). A comparison of the three methods across a wide range of total cholesterol (TC), TG, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels showed that Sampson-NIH yields similar or lower LDL-C values than Friedewald when TC and TG are high. However, the use of alternate LDL-C values may introduce variability in clinical decisions at commonly used LDL-C levels for treatment stratification. These findings highlight the importance of directly measuring apolipoprotein B or considering non-HDL-C to overcome the limitations of all three methods.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sifan Qian, Shoujiang You, Yaming Sun, Qiuyi Wu, Xianhui Wang, Weiting Tang, Xiaofeng Dong, Chun-feng Liu, Tan Xu, Yongjun Cao, Chongke Zhong
Summary: This study found a significant positive association between elevated fasting remnant cholesterol levels and abnormal cIMT in patients with ischemic stroke, even in patients with optimal LDL cholesterol levels. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and assess the impact of remnant cholesterol-lowering interventions in patients with ischemic stroke.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Shin Young Yun, John Hoon Rim, Hyein Kang, Sang-Guk Lee, Jong-Baeck Lim
Summary: This study compared the effects of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) on the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The results showed that ApoB was the highest risk factor for ASCVD, followed by non-HDL-C and LDL-C. Measuring ApoB concentrations can provide useful information for evaluating ASCVD risk, even in individuals with normal LDL-C levels and ASCVD risk factors.
ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Goran Walldius, Ulf de Faire, Lars Alfredsson, Karin Leander, Peter Westerholm, Hakan Malmstrom, Torbjorn Ivert, Niklas Hammar
Summary: Elevated levels of apoB and apoB/apoA-1 ratio are associated with increased risk of MACEs, while decreased levels of apoA-1 potentiate the impact of apoB. MACEs occur earlier with higher apoB/apoA-1 ratio, suggesting the need for early recognition and primary prevention.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Genki Kobayashi, Hiroshi Okada, Masahide Hamaguchi, Kazushiro Kurogi, Hiroaki Murata, Masato Ito, Michiaki Fukui
Summary: This study investigated the association between LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL/HDL ratio and the incidence of diabetes, and identified the cut-off values for incident diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Petri Kresanov, Juha Mykkanen, Markku Ahotupa, Mika Ala-Korpela, Markus Juonala, Jari Kaikkonen, Mika Kahonen, Terho Lehtimaki, Tommi Vasankari, Jorma Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari
Summary: The study found that oxidized HDL lipids were not significantly associated with lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations and composition after adjusting for certain factors, while oxidized LDL lipids were associated with multiple markers of lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations and composition. Additionally, HDL and LDL subclass measures, such as phospholipid and triglyceride composition, were directly associated with oxidized LDL lipids, while cholesterol ester and free cholesterol composition in HDL and LDL were inversely associated. These results suggest that LDL oxidation may play a role in atherogenesis.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yulia Treister-Goltzman, Shaked Yarza, Roni Peleg
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on lipid profiles in patients with mild subclinical hypothyroidism (MSCH) versus euthyroid subjects. The results showed that MSCH patients had significantly higher total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, while high-density lipoprotein was lower. This indicates that MSCH is associated with an increase in major atherogenic lipoproteins and should be considered a cardiovascular risk factor.
MINERVA ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasia V. Poznyak, Dmitry A. Kashirskikh, Vasily N. Sukhorukov, Vladislav Kalmykov, Andrey V. Omelchenko, Alexander N. Orekhov
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a major cause of serious cardiovascular disorders, and its pathogenesis involves multiple processes. Reverse transport of cholesterol is a mechanism that plays a protective role against atherosclerosis. Disordered cholesterol metabolism can result in dyslipidemia and early atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Minwoo Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Yerim Kim, Soo Hyun Park, Sang-Hwa Lee, Chulho Kim, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu, Jae-Jun Lee, Mi Sun Oh
Summary: The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in the acute stage of stroke independently predicts the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) at 3-6 months after stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. Specifically, a high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio is associated with dysfunction in the frontal domain.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kenneth R. Feingold
Summary: COVID-19 infections lead to decreased levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and B, while triglyceride levels may be increased. The reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I levels predicts mortality. After recovery, lipid/lipoprotein levels return to pre-infection levels, but there may be an increased risk of dyslipidemia post-COVID-19 infection. Omega-3 fatty acids and PCSK9 inhibitors may reduce the severity of COVID-19 infections. HDL-C levels may affect the risk of developing COVID-19 infections.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Camilla Ditlev Lindhardt Johannesen, Martin Bodtker Mortensen, Anne Langsted, Borge Gronne Nordestgaard
Summary: Elevated levels of apoB and non-HDL cholesterol, but not LDL cholesterol, are associated with residual risk of all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction in statin-treated patients. Discordance analysis indicates that apoB is a more accurate marker of all-cause mortality risk and risk of myocardial infarction in these patients compared to LDL cholesterol.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yongzheng Lu, Xiaolin Cui, Li Zhang, Xu Wang, Yanyan Xu, Zhen Qin, Gangqiong Liu, Qiguang Wang, Kang Tian, Khoon S. Lim, Chris J. Charles, Jinying Zhang, Junnan Tang
Summary: Dyslipidemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis, and lipoproteins play a significant role in its development. Understanding lipoprotein function can help predict risk and provide novel treatment approaches for atherosclerosis.
