Journal
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 105, Issue 6, Pages 833-838Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.02.007
Keywords
Cadmium; Topoisomerase II; DNA; Cytotoxicity; Decatenation
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Canada Research Chairs Program
- Canada Research Chair in Drug Development
- NIH [CA090787]
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Cadmium (Cd2+) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic metal that is an environmental and occupational hazard. DNA topoisomerase II is an essential nuclear enzyme and its inhibition can result in the formation of genotoxic and recombinogenic DNA double strand breaks. In this study we showed that cadmium chloride strongly inhibited the DNA decatenation activity of human topoisomerase II alpha in the low micromolar concentration range and that its inhibitory effects were reduced by glutathione. Because the activity of topoisomerase II is strongly inhibited by thiol-reactive compounds this result suggested that cadmium may be binding to critical topoisomerase II cysteine thiols. Cadmium, however, did not stabilize DNA-topoisomerase II covalent complexes, as measured by the lack of formation of DNA double strand breaks. Hence, it is not likely to be a topoisomerase II poison. Consistent with the idea that cadmium cytotoxicity may be modulated by glutathione levels, buthionine sulfoximine pretreatment to decrease glutathione levels resulted in a greatly increased cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in K562 cells. The results of this study suggest that cadmium may exert some of its cell growth inhibitory, and possibly its toxicity and carcinogenicity, by inhibiting topoisomerase II alpha through reaction with critical cysteine thiols. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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