Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tengfei Zhang, Shuai Jiang, Li Sun
Summary: In the study, a tandem repeat galectin-8 (CsGal-8) was identified and characterized in tongue sole, showing binding and bactericidal effects against a wide range of bacteria. CsGal-8 likely plays a crucial role in immune defense by interacting with and killing bacterial pathogens directly.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaodong Zhang, Xiaokai Chen, Yanli Zhao
Summary: Artificial nanosystems have the ability to modulate immune responses and can be used in vaccine development and treatment of bacterial infections and diseases. This review discusses the recent advances of nanosystems in vaccine development and immune activation, as well as the application of immune-suppressive nanosystems.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Diana Ivonne Duarte-Mata, Mario Cesar Salinas-Carmona
Summary: Intracellular bacteria cause difficult-to-resolve infections, and standard therapy antibiotics are often ineffective due to poor cellular uptake. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show promise as a therapeutic approach because of their bactericidal properties and ability to modulate immune responses. This review focuses on AMPs used to treat intracellular bacterial infections and their impact on immune mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Naomi L. P. Keehnen, Lisa Fors, Peter Jarver, Anna-Lena Spetz, Soren Nylin, Ulrich Theopold, Christopher W. Wheat
Summary: Insects rely on their innate immune system to interact with their microbiota, with populations of butterflies found to differ in phagocytic capability and genetic variation related to phagocytosis. Enrichment analysis identified genes involved in glutamine metabolism as potentially underlying these phenotypic differences.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Reese A. Martin, Ann T. Tate
Summary: Genes involved in immune defense resist rapidly evolving parasites and pathogens and are highly represented in the immune system. Pleiotropic signaling genes affect multiple phenotypes and may play a role in the evolution of inducible immunity. Pleiotropy is prevalent in immune signaling networks, and it provides an advantage for host fitness during infection.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Grace A. Snyder, Shir Eliachar, Michael T. Connelly, Shani Talice, Uzi Hadad, Orly Gershoni-Yahalom, William E. Browne, Caroline V. Palmer, Benyamin Rosental, Nikki Traylor-Knowles
Summary: This study identified and characterized phagocytes from coral and sea anemones, demonstrating their role in engulfing bacteria, fungi, beads, as well as self and damaged cells. The findings also showed that phagocytic cells target antigens localize to low pH phagolysosomes, and the inhibition of actin filament rearrangement interferes with efficient particle phagocytosis. Additionally, cellular markers for lysolitic vesicles and reactive oxygen species were found to correlate with hexacorallian phagocytes, laying a foundation for better understanding of their immune cell biology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Kritsada Pruksaphon, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Kavi Ratanabanangkoon, Sirida Youngchim
Summary: Talaromycosis is an opportunistic fungal disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei. The progression and outcome of the disease depend on the complex interaction between the pathogen and the host's immune response.
Article
Immunology
Mary A. Brown, Sophie B. Morgan, Gillian E. Donachie, Katie L. Horton, Ian D. Pavord, Carolina V. Arancibia-Carcamo, Timothy S. C. Hinks
Summary: Type-2 low asthma or COPD is potentially caused by persistent bacterial colonization of the lower airways by bacteria such as non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), which is a commensal of the upper airways. The extent of NTHi invasion and activation of proinflammatory cytokines in airway epithelial cells is not fully understood. This study found that NTHi can be internalized transiently by airway epithelial cells and induce inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Dan Qiao, Yanjing Zhao, Chao Pei, Xianliang Zhao, Xinyu Jiang, Lei Zhu, Jie Zhang, Li Li, Xianghui Kong
Summary: In this study, two CCL19b genes (CcCCL19b_a and CcCCL19b_b) were cloned from Yellow River carp. The expression of CcCCL19bs was found to be high in gill and intestine of healthy fish, and up-regulated after infection and stimulation. Furthermore, CcCCL19bs were found to have chemotactic and antibacterial activity, attracting leukocytes and promoting their proliferation, as well as exhibiting antibacterial activity against certain pathogens.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zachary Tsai, Kyle A. Carver, Henry H. Gong, Kosuke Kosai, Jane C. Deng, Matthew J. Worley
Summary: Neutrophils eliminate Streptococcus pneumoniae through extracellular killing at lower bacterial concentrations, while both extracellular and intracellular elimination methods are used under higher bacterial burdens with TLR2 activation.
Review
Cell Biology
Edna Ayerim Mandujano-Tinoco, Eliya Sultan, Aner Ottolenghi, Orly Gershoni-Yahalom, Benyamin Rosental
Summary: The evolution of the immune system is aimed at protecting organisms from infections and providing regenerative capacities and tissue maintenance. Despite the diverse range of effector cells, common features and interesting convergent mechanisms can be observed across different animals. The review explores the evolution of phagocytic and cytotoxic immune lineages, highlighting the diverse function plasticity within evolved immune effector cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan G. Gaudet, Shiwei Zhu, Anushka Halder, Bae-Hoon Kim, Clinton J. Bradfield, Shuai Huang, Dijin Xu, Agnieszka Maminska, Thanh Ngoc Nguyen, Michael Lazarou, Erdem Karatekin, Kallol Gupta, John D. MacMicking
Summary: Activation of cell-autonomous defense by IFN-gamma induces the expression of APOL3, which acts as a potent bactericidal agent protecting non-immune barrier cell types against infection. This reveals a novel mechanism through which human cells can achieve sterilizing immunity.
Review
Cell Biology
Michelle E. Love, David Proud
Summary: COPD is a major cause of death globally, with acute exacerbations being a significant contributor to disease morbidity and mortality. This review examines the role of bacterial and viral infections, along with co-infections, in the pathogenesis of COPD exacerbations. The focus is on the role of airway epithelial cell responses in regulating the pathophysiology of exacerbations of COPD, and potential medication approaches to treat acute exacerbations triggered by respiratory infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qishan Liang, Sara T. Richey, Sarah N. Ur, Qiaozhen Ye, Rebecca K. Lau, Kevin D. Corbett
Summary: The CBASS immune systems in bacteria protect against bacteriophage infection by triggering cell death. Cap18, a 3'-5' exonuclease associated with CBASS systems, was found to have nonspecific DNA exonuclease activity and may coordinate with transcription factors to regulate CBASS transcription in response to DNA damage.
Review
Microbiology
Chonghui Xu, Jizheng Chen, Xinwen Chen
Summary: Hepatitis viruses are the primary causative agents of hepatitis and pose a major public health issue globally. The host innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against these viruses. However, hepatitis viruses evade host immune surveillance through various strategies, compromising the innate immune response and creating a favorable environment for viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)