Journal
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 197-208Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000346374
Keywords
Influenza A virus; Collectins; Innate immunity; Viral glycosylation; Pulmonary defense; Antiviral drugs; C-type lectins; Sialic acids; Lung inflammation
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Funding
- Technology Foundation STW (Stichting Technische Wetenschappen) [10388]
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Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause respiratorytract infections annually associated with excess mortality and morbidity. Nonspecific, innate immune mechanisms play a key role in protection against viral invasion at early stages of infection. A soluble protein present in mucosal secretions of the lung, surfactant protein D (SP-D), is an important component of this initial barrier that helps to prevent and limit IAV infections of the respiratory epithelium. This collagenous C-type lectin binds IAVs and thereby inhibits attachment and entry of the virus but also contributes to enhanced clearance of SP-D-opsonized virus via interactions with phagocytic cells. In addition, SP-D modulates the inflammatory response and helps to maintain a balance between effective neutralization/killing of IAV, and protection against alveolar damage resulting from IAV-induced excessive inflammatory responses. The mechanisms of interaction between SP-D and IAV not only depend on the structure and binding properties of SP-D but also on strain-specific features of IAV, and both issues will be discussed. SP-D from pigs exhibits distinct anti-IAV properties and is discussed in more detail. Finally, the potential of SP-D as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic antiviral agent to protect humans against infections by IAV is discussed. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
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