Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 207, Issue 6, Pages 919-928Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis933
Keywords
Escherichia coli infections; antimicrobial resistance; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; CTX-M-15; fluoroquinolone resistance; multidrug resistance; sequence type ST131; multilocus sequence typing; molecular epidemiology; FimH
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Funding
- Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Merit Review grant [1 I01 CX000192 01]
- NIH ARRA [1RC4AI092828]
- Cepheid
- Rib-X Pharmaceuticals
- Merck
- Rochester Medical
- Syntiron
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique AP-HP
- Group Health
- ARC Linkage
- Achaogen
- Cubist
- Affinium
- Sunovion
- Pfizer
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Background. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli are increasingly prevalent. Their clonal origins-potentially critical for control efforts-remain undefined. Methods. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and fine clonal structure were determined for 236 diverse-source historical (1967-2009) E. coli isolates representing sequence type ST131 and 853 recent (2010-2011) consecutive E. coli isolates from 5 clinical laboratories in Seattle, Washington, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Clonal structure was resolved based on fimH sequence (fimbrial adhesin gene: H subclone assignments), multilocus sequence typing, gyrA and parC sequence (fluoroquinolone resistance-determining loci), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results. Of the recent fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates, 52% represented a single ST131 subclonal lineage, H30, which expanded abruptly after 2000. This subclone had a unique and conserved gyrA/parC allele combination, supporting its tight clonality. Unlike other ST131 subclones, H30 was significantly associated with fluoroquinolone resistance and was the most prevalent subclone among current E. coli clinical isolates, overall (10.4%) and within every resistance category (11%-52%). Conclusions. Most current fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli clinical isolates, and the largest share of multidrug-resistant isolates, represent a highly clonal subgroup that likely originated from a single rapidly expanded and disseminated ST131 strain. Focused attention to this strain will be required to control the fluoroquinolone and multidrug-resistant E. coli epidemic.
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