Article
Virology
Jie Ning, Qinjin Wang, Ying Chen, Taojun He, Fang Zhang, Xingchi Chen, Liang Shi, Aixia Zhai, Bin Li, Chao Wu
Summary: This study provides comprehensive characteristics of T-cell immunity induced by the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV. Robust and durable CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 were detected following the third vaccination. The N and S proteins activated a higher proportion of specific T-cells with broader functions compared to the E and M proteins.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Richard I. Walker, A. Louis Bourgeois
Summary: Oral immunization is an effective strategy against mucosal enteric pathogens. Inactivated whole bacterial cells can also induce protective immunity. Developing a safe and simple delivery format with controlled immunogenic amounts of complex antigens is essential. Enhancing the efficacy of whole cell vaccines can be achieved through genetic engineering and the use of mucosal adjuvants. The development of ETVAX, a vaccine candidate against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), has shown promising results.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Po-Tsang Lee, Jing Huang, Fan-Hua Nan
Summary: This study reports the first case of lethal vibriosis infection in cultured O. punctatus and demonstrates the high level of protection provided by a vaccine against this infection.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Antonella Vardeu, Charlotte Davis, Ian McDonald, Guilherme Stahlberg, Barsha Thapa, Kinga Piotrowska, Margaret A. Marshall, Thomas Evans, Vicky Wheeler, Sarah Sebastian, Katie Anderson
Summary: The use of immunotherapeutic vaccination in prostate cancer is a promising approach. The experimental approach described here uses a well-studied adenovirus-poxvirus heterologous prime-boost regimen, which can induce functional cytotoxic T cells.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jin Wang, Cheng Guo, Lin Cai, Conghui Liao, Huaimin Yi, Qianlin Li, Huan Hu, Qiang Deng, Yuying Lu, Zhongmin Guo, Zeliang Chen, Jiahai Lu
Summary: The study found large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies, especially in the S2 subunit among seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs). Participants did not show significant differences in IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M, and N peptides pre-vaccination and post-vaccination. There was no evidence of an impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Saskia Meyer, Isaac Blaas, Ravi Chand Bollineni, Marina Delic-Sarac, Trung T. Tran, Cathrine Knetter, Ke-Zheng Dai, Torfinn Stove Madssen, John T. Vaage, Alice Gustavsen, Weiwen Yang, Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer, Karolos Douvlataniotis, Maarja Laos, Morten Milek Nielsen, Bernd Thiede, Arne Soraas, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Even H. Rustad, Johanna Olweus
Summary: Research shows that mutations in the coronavirus can lead to escape from neutralizing antibodies and loss of T cell epitopes. Previous studies on viral escape from T cell immunity have been hindered by uncertain estimates of epitope prevalence. This study maps and quantifies CD8 T cell responses to specific minimal epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescent individuals. It finds that mutations in variants of concern (VOC) are present in some epitopes but does not provide evidence that the mutations are driven by escape from T cell immunity.
Article
Immunology
Yuexia Wang, Wangquan Ji, Dong Li, Tiantian Sun, Peiyu Zhu, Junwei Li, Liang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Haiyan Yang, Shuaiyin Chen, Yuefei Jin, Guangcai Duan
Summary: This study presents an inactivated whole CVA2 vaccine candidate that shows high protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous strains of CVA2. The vaccine stimulates antibody production and reduces viral loads and pathological changes in immunized mice. Additionally, the vaccine exhibits good cross-immunity against other strains of hand-foot-and-mouth disease virus.
Article
Virology
Xuan Yi, Yuhao Wang, Quanrun Li, Xiaoyi Li, Panli Zhang, Xin Fu, Shuqin Gu, Daqian Zhang, Xiaoyi Liu, Haonan Lou, Yuemei Wu, Libo Tang, Jinlin Hou, Yongyin Li
Summary: Individuals with a recent common cold coronavirus infection, which provides pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2, experience a milder course of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-existing immunity and the immune response induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. The researchers analyzed 31 healthcare workers who received two doses of inactivated vaccines and found that the vaccine-induced T cell responses, rather than neutralizing antibodies, correlated closely with pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These findings contribute to a better understanding of inactivated-vaccine-induced immunity and its implications for vaccine effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Mengmeng Jia, Xinming Wang, Wensheng Gong, Jingchuan Zhong, Zhiwei Leng, Lili Ren, Luzhao Feng, Li Guo, Lidong Gao, Xian Liang, Enfu Chen, Wenge Tang, Qiangru Huang, Qiao Zhang, Guangjiong Jiang, Shanlu Zhao, Zhu Liu, Yan Feng, Li Qi, Libing Ma, Tingxuan Huang, Yong Yue, Ju Wang, Binshan Jiang, Liuhui Xu, Jianwei Wang, Weizhong Yang, Chen Wang
Summary: This study evaluated the immune responses to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in different groups (naive individuals, asymptomatically infected individuals, and recovered patients), and found that a single dose of vaccine is sufficient for recovered patients, and the second dose does not substantially increase antibody levels.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam M. Weiss, Jainu Ajit, Tyler J. Albin, Neeraj Kapoor, Shilpa Maroju, Aym Berges, Lucy Pill, Jeff Fairman, Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
Summary: This study demonstrated the successful use of CFPS technology to produce large quantities of site-specific antigen-adjuvant conjugates for enhanced antigen presentation and T-cell production. Site-specific conjugation using copper-free click chemistry significantly improved the efficacy of the OVA-CpG conjugates both in vitro and in vivo, reducing the required CpG dose for T-cell production tenfold.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jia Tong Loh, Kong-Peng Lam
Summary: Invasive fungal infection poses a global health threat, and the WHO has released a list of health-threatening fungi to enhance global response. Antifungal drugs have limited success due to drug resistance, emphasizing the need for immunomodulation and new therapies. This review discusses the immune response to fungal infections and emerging immunotherapies and vaccines.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Rhys Brown, Emily Priest, Julian R. Naglik, Jonathan P. Richardson
Summary: Fungi produce toxins that have significant impacts on health, but our understanding of how these toxins modulate immune responses is still incomplete, requiring further research.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ali Faisal Saleem, Ondrej Mach, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Zaubina Kazi, Attaullah Baig, Muhammad Sajid, Vishali Jeyaseelan, Roland W. Sutter, Anita K. M. Zaidi
Summary: The study compared the rate of decline of poliovirus antibodies in recipients of fractional dose IPV and full dose IPV, finding a significant drop in antibody titers 12 months after the second dose. The results suggest that fractional dose IPV can be a viable option for dose-sparing strategy.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ji Ma, Michael Bright Yakass, Sander Jansen, Bert Malengier-Devlies, Dominique Van Looveren, Lorena Sanchez-Felipe, Thomas Vercruysse, Birgit Weynand, Mahadesh Prasad Arkalagud Javarappa, Osbourne Quaye, Patrick Matthys, Tania Roskams, Johan Neyts, Hendrik Jan Thibaut, Kai Dallmeier
Summary: This study demonstrates that the YF-S0 vaccine can induce strong humoral and cellular immunity against yellow fever virus (YFV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mice and hamsters, providing full protection against YFV infection and SARS-CoV-2 strain B1.1.7 (Alpha variant) infection. Importantly, strong pre-existing immunity against the YF17D vector does not interfere with the efficacy of YF-S0 vaccination.
Article
Microbiology
Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed Kandeil, Ahmed Mostafa, Omnia Kutkat, Mohamed El Sayes, Ahmed N. El Taweel, Maha AlKhazindar, Elsayed T. AbdElSalam, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali
Summary: Research has shown that besides expressing the HA of H5N8, PR8 vaccine strains expressing other internal proteins from the H5N8 strain are unable to efficiently elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies, but can provide some protection to infected chickens six days post infection, possibly related to cell-based immunity.
Article
Pathology
Woosuk Choi, Alina X. Yang, Aaron Sieve, Shanny H. Kuo, Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa, Miranda Vieson, Carol W. Maddox, Som G. Nanjappa, Gee W. Lau
Summary: Pulmonary mycoses are challenging to treat and can be harmful to patients, impacting respiratory function. This study found that fungal infections lead to excessive mucus secretion in the airways, affecting mucus homeostasis through the regulation of factors such as FOXA2.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Woojong Lee, Autumn Larsen, Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Chandranaik B. Marinaik, M. Suresh
Summary: The nanoemulsion adjuvant Adjuplex (ADJ) enhances immunity to L. monocytogenes by promoting CD8 T cell response, especially when combined with Toll-like receptor agonists. ADJ effectively activates specific DCs to induce effector CD8 T cells, providing protective immunity against L. monocytogenes.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Woojong Lee, Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Ross M. Kedl, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, M. Suresh
Summary: The study revealed a negative regulatory role for CCR2 and monocyte trafficking in mucosal imprinting and differentiation of vaccine-induced T(RM)s, suggesting that strategies targeting monocyte infiltration may enhance vaccine-induced frontline T-cell immunity to respiratory viruses like IAV and SARS-CoV-2.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Lucas dos Santos Dias, Hannah E. Dobson, Brock Kingstad Bakke, Gregory C. Kujoth, Junfeng Huang, Elaine M. Kohn, Cleison Ledesma Taira, Huafeng Wang, Nitin T. Supekar, J. Scott Fites, Daisy Gates, Christina L. Gomez, Charles A. Specht, Stuart M. Levitz, Parastoo Azadi, Lingjun Li, Marulasiddappa Suresh, Bruce S. Klein, Marcel Wuthrich
Summary: The development of a newly discovered adjuvant that augments cell mediated immune responses against fungi and viruses has potential applications for safe vaccination against various microbial pathogens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lorenzo G. T. M. Segabinazzi, Giorgia Podico, Michael F. Rosser, Som G. Nanjappa, Marco A. Alvarenga, Igor F. Canisso
Summary: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a popular therapy in human and veterinary medicine, and this study compared three manual noncommercial methods for preparing PRP and its cooling effects. The different methods yielded varying platelet concentrations and viability, while cooling increased platelet agglutination over time. It remains uncertain whether these differences in preparation methods and cooling would impact the clinical efficacy of PRP.
Article
Immunology
Aisha M. Mergaert, Michael F. Denny, Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Mandar Bawadekar, S. Janna Bashar, Thomas F. Warner, Marulasiddappa Suresh, Miriam A. Shelef
Summary: This study evaluated the role of PAD2 in the antibody response in collagen-induced arthritis and murine influenza infection. The results showed that PAD2 is required for optimal levels of anti-collagen antibodies and for full protection from influenza infection.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Woojong Lee, Shaswath S. Chandrasekar, David J. Gasper, Cristhian Salas-Quinchucua, Thomas Cleven, Jeremy A. Sullivan, Adel Talaat, Jorge E. Osorio, M. Suresh
Summary: The study found that mucosal or parenteral immunization effectively controlled the virus and protected the lungs from damage with or without neutralizing antibodies. The protection provided by mucosal memory CD8 T cells was largely redundant in the presence of neutralizing antibodies, but unhelped mucosal memory CD8 T cells provided no protection against the homologous SARS-CoV-2 without CD4 T cells and neutralizing antibodies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Virology
Fangfeng Yuan, Jaishree Sharma, Som G. Nanjappa, Christopher A. Gaulke, Ying Fang
Summary: This study investigates the effects of a killed virus vaccine on the gut microbiome diversity in pigs and finds significant interaction effects between viral challenge and vaccination on the gut microbiota. The vaccine only partially protects the gut microbiome from viral impacts, and the abundances of certain microbial taxa are correlated with viral load levels and specific cell counts.
Article
Immunology
Amanda Contreras, Darin L. Wiesner, Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Woojong Lee, John P. Svaren, Bruce S. Klein, M. Suresh
Summary: This study investigated the role of Bach2 in regulating Treg homeostasis and effector functions in peripheral Tregs. The results suggest that Bach2 plays vital roles in limiting the premature differentiation of Tregs into effector Tregs in lymphoid tissues and restraining Type 2 inflammation in the lungs. The findings of this study highlight the importance of dysregulated Tregs in the pathogenesis of airway hypersensitivities, asthma, and other allergic disorders.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa, Jaishree Sharma, Miranda D. Vieson, Som Gowda Nanjappa
Summary: GM-CSF+ Tc17 cells play a crucial role in fungal vaccine immunity by enhancing pulmonary fungal immunity without causing pathology. IL-1 and IL-23 are key factors for inducing these cells.
Review
Immunology
Jaishree Sharma, Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa, Som Gowda Nanjappa
Summary: In recent years, significant findings have been made in the field of antifungal T-cell immunity research, particularly in understanding the development and role of antifungal memory T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa, Som G. Nanjappa
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Som G. Nanjappa, Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Jaishree Sharma, Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa, Hazem F. M. Abdelaal, Thomas C. Kelly, Woosuk Choi, Miranda D. Vieson, Adel M. Talaat, Som Gowda Nanjappa
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa, Miranda Vieson, Som G. Nanjappa
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)