Review
Immunology
Jerry Y. Niederkorn
Summary: The eye and the brain have limited regenerative capacities, making them vulnerable to immune-mediated inflammation. Immune privilege is a condition sustained by physiological, anatomical, and regulatory processes that restrict immune responses and inflammation in these organs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
L. De Simone, M. Bonacini, R. Aldigeri, F. Alessandrello, V Mastrofilippo, F. Gozzi, E. Bolletta, C. Adani, A. Zerbini, G. M. Cavallini, L. Fontana, C. Salvarani, S. Croci, L. Cimino
Summary: This study evaluated cytokine levels in different types of uveitis and found differences in cytokine profiles in definite ocular sarcoidosis (OS), definite OS associated with QuantiFERON (R)-TB Gold test positivity (Q + OS), and presumed tubercular uveitis (TBU), which may aid in distinguishing these entities from each other.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun Li, Ruoshui Li, Izabela Tuleta, Silvia C. Hernandez, Claudio Humeres, Anis Hanna, Bijun Chen, Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis
Summary: The role of macrophage Smad7 in regulating inflammation and repair after myocardial infarction is limited. The anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-beta in macrophages are not restrained by endogenous Smad7 induction.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zhaoxin Jiang, Limei Sun, Xiaohu Ding, Ting Zhang, Songshan Li, Xiaoyan Ding
Summary: This study investigated the cytokine expression profile in the aqueous humor of patients with ocular toxocariasis. The findings suggest that Th1 and Th17 cytokine responses are not enhanced, while the cytokine status is polarized towards a Th2 response. The study also highlights the involvement of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 in the immunopathogenesis of ocular toxocariasis.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Angela Dixon, Myoung Sup Shim, April Nettesheim, Aislyn Coyne, Chien-Chia Su, Haiyan Gong, Paloma B. Liton
Summary: Glaucoma is a disease that leads to vision loss due to the degeneration and loss of retinal ganglion cells. The activation of autophagy plays a pathological role in glaucoma, while autophagy deficiency protects against RGC death.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mohd Abul Kalam, Muzaffar Iqbal, Abdullah Alshememry, Musaed Alkholief, Aws Alshamsan
Summary: A sensitive UPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of TDZ in rabbit?s aqueous humor. The method was linear in the concentration range, sensitive and reliable, and successfully employed for ocular pharmacokinetic study of TDZ after topical ocular application of TZP-containing formulations in rabbit eyes.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Schneider, Ramona Pawlak, Gregor R. Weber, Andrea E. Dillinger, Sabrina Kuespert, Renato V. Iozzo, Harry A. Quigley, Andreas Ohlmann, Ernst R. Tamm, Rudolf Fuchshofer
Summary: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of optic nerve axons, with intraocular pressure identified as the major risk factor for its development involving molecular mechanisms like TGF-beta. Decorin has been found to play an important role in intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage.
Article
Ophthalmology
Kexin Li, Xue Feng, Kenji Hikosaka, Kazumi Norose
Summary: A murine model of primary acquired ocular toxoplasmosis was successfully established through peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii. After infection, various immune mediators in the aqueous humor showed significant increase, providing new insights into the immunopathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lixia Niu, Sufang Wang, Yunyun Li, Jun Liu
Summary: This article reported a case of ocular Toxoplasma gondii infection diagnosis by serum and aqueous humor antibody tests, providing some additional information on the T gondii infection diagnosis.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiang Zhang, Yuan Yang, Yan Zheng, Yiqian Hu, Yuqing Rao, Jiakai Li, Peiquan Zhao, Jing Li
Summary: This study evaluated and compared the specificity of Toxocara canis-specific antibody detection in serum and aqueous samples for the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis (OT) and found that pediatric OT often presents with severe retinal complications. Additionally, the study explored the cytokine profiles associated with OT and found that polarized intraocular Th2 response was only found in aqueous T-IgG positive eyes. The results of this study support the use of aqueous sample-based antibody tests for the more specific diagnosis of OT.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yuyin Yi, Hua Zhu, Christian Klausen, Hsun-Ming Chang, Amy M. Inkster, Jefferson Terry, Peter C. K. Leung
Summary: The study identified significantly reduced levels of BMP2 in EOPE placentas and disrupted BMP2 expression in placental villi. Moreover, AMIGO2 was revealed as a novel target for BMP2 that contributed to BMP2-induced trophoblast invasion and endothelial-like tube formation, shedding light on the molecular processes controlled by BMP2 during early placental development that may contribute to the pathogenesis of EOPE.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Avani A. Mody, J. Cameron Millar, Abbot F. Clark
Summary: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a major risk factor for irreversible vision loss. Over-expression of ID1 and ID3 can suppress TGF beta 2-induced ocular hypertension and decreased aqueous humor (AH) outflow facility. These proteins may be potential candidates for future IOP-lowering treatments in POAG.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Nivedita Nair, Sridharan Sudharshan, Appakkudal R. Anand, Jyotirmay Biswas, K. Lily Therese
Summary: The study evaluated the usefulness of aqueous humor Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) titers in diagnosing ocular syphilis. The results showed a strong correlation between elevated AH TPHA titers, serological values, and the clinical presentation. The AH-TPHA assay could potentially be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of ocular syphilis.
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Lifeng Teng, Yubing Huang, Jun Guo, Bin Li, Jin Lin, Lining Ma, Yudai Wang, Cong Ye, Qianqian Chen
Summary: The study shows that miR-27a-5p can attenuate TAC-induced cardiac fibrosis and myofibroblast activation in vivo, while having minimal effect on cardiac myocytes. Molecularly, miR-27a-5p inhibits Tgf-beta signaling and pro-fibrotic protein secretion in cardiac fibroblasts by suppressing the pro-fibrotic transcription factor Egr3.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ying Chen, Hong Yan, Guo Li, Yu Zhang
Summary: This study found elevated levels of TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 in the aqueous humor of APAC patients, which could induce abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix in the trabecular meshwork, resulting in an increase in aqueous outflow resistance. Such altered protein levels may provide a possible explanation for residual glaucoma after cataract surgery.
OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Susan P. Mollan, Dun Jack Fu, Ching-Yi Chuo, Jacqueline G. Gannon, Wen Hwa Lee, J. Jill Hopkins, Cian Hughes, Alastair K. Denniston, Pearse A. Keane, Ronald Cantrell
Summary: By combining data from a national digital health data repository with historical clinical trial data, we demonstrate an enhanced predictive modeling in nAMD. The detrimental effects of prolonged treatment delay should motivate healthcare providers to support nAMD patients in accessing care in safe environments.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Aruni K. Makuloluwa, Kevin J. Hamill, Saaeha Rauz, Lucy Bosworth, Atikah Haneef, Vito Romano, Rachel L. Williams, Darlene A. Dartt, Stephen B. Kaye
Summary: The conjunctiva can be damaged by various diseases, requiring conjunctival grafts for restoration of function. Research on ex vivo culture and improvement of substrates is important for tissue grafts. Understanding the composition and structure of conjunctival extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for developing better biological substrates.
Article
Ophthalmology
Krishna M. Gokhale, Nicola J. Adderley, Anuradhaa Subramanian, Wen Hwa Lee, Diana Han, Jesse Coker, Tasanee Braithwaite, Alastair K. Denniston, Pearse A. Keane, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between metformin use and the development of AMD in patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK. The results showed that there was no association between the use of metformin and the risk of developing AMD, regardless of whether other antidiabetic medications were also used.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Katie Etherton, Jugnoo S. Rahi, Harry Petrushkin, Andrew D. Dick, Saira Akbarali, Reshma Pattani, Scott Hau, Sandrine Lacassagne, Xiaoxuan Liu, Alastair K. Denniston, Ameenat Lola Solebo
Summary: The study suggests that OCT-based imaging has great potential in pediatric ophthalmic diseases, providing deeper understanding of diseases, improving patient experience, and more precise monitoring of disease activity, leading to improved treatment outcomes. However, further refinement of imaging and analysis protocols is needed.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Francesco Pichi, Ester Carreno Salas, Carlos Pavesio, Alastair K. Denniston, Dilraj S. Grewal, Gabor Deak, Moncef Khairallah, Matilde Ruiz-Cruz, Joao Rafael de Oliveira Dias, Alfredo Adan, Tomas Burke, Alessandro Invernizzi, Ariel Schlaen, Meng Tian, Aniruddha Kishandutt Agarwal, William R. Tucker, H. Nida Sen, Phoebe Lin, Lyndell L. Lim, Kathryn L. Pepple, Marion R. Munk
Summary: This study establishes consensus recommendations for reporting OCTA findings in uveitis, which can serve as guidance for routine clinical care and clinical trials.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Antonio Calcagni, Olivia Howells, Hannah Bartlett, Alastair K. O. Denniston, Jonathan M. Gibson, Christopher R. Hogg, Timothy D. Matthews, Frank Eperjesi
Summary: This study investigated the role of color vision in identifying individuals at high risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The results showed that color vision was frequently abnormal in the unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral nAMD. However, abnormal color contrast sensitivity (CCS) did not predict the development of nAMD within the study period, suggesting that it is not a viable screening tool for this pathology.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anuradhaa Subramanian, Diana Han, Tasanee Braithwaite, Rasiah Thayakaran, Dawit T. Zemedikun, Krishna M. Gokhale, Wen Hwa Lee, Jesse Coker, Pearse A. Keane, Alastair K. Denniston, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Laurent Azoulay, Nicola J. Adderley
Summary: This study aimed to assess the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with hypertension using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) compared to calcium channel blockers (CCB). The results showed no evidence of an association between ACE-I use and the risk of AMD in hypertensive patients.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Aditya U. Kale, Alba Serrano, Xiaoxuan Liu, Balini Balasubramaniam, Pearse A. Keane, David J. Moore, Victor Llorenc, Alastair K. Denniston
Summary: Uveitis, a group of syndromes characterized by intraocular inflammation, affects up to 10% of the global population. Traditional assessment methods rely on subjective grading by clinicians, but advancements in imaging technology, such as OCT, allow for objective and quantitative evaluation. Monitoring important quantitative metrics enables a comprehensive assessment of ocular inflammation.
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Henry David Jeffry Hogg, Mohaimen Al-Zubaidy, James Talks, Alastair K. Denniston, J. Kelly, Johann Malawana, Chrysanthi Papoutsi, Marion Dawn Teare, Pearse A. Keane, Fiona R. Beyer, Gregory Maniatopoulos
Summary: This qualitative systematic review identifies key stakeholders and their perspectives on clinical AI implementation, highlighting the interdependent factors and the importance of considering multiple stakeholder perspectives in research and practice. The underrepresentation of perspectives from stakeholders other than healthcare professionals may limit the understanding and management of factors influencing successful clinical AI implementation.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanni E. Cacciamani, Timothy N. Chu, Daniel I. Sanford, Andre Abreu, Vinay Duddalwar, Assad Oberai, C. -C. Jay Kuo, Xiaoxuan Liu, Alastair K. Denniston, Baptiste Vasey, Peter McCulloch, Robert F. Wolff, Sue Mallett, John Mongan, Charles E. Kahn, Viknesh Sounderajah, Ara Darzi, Philipp Dahm, Karel G. M. Moons, Eric Topol, Gary S. Collins, David Moher, Inderbir S. Gill, Andrew J. Hung
Review
Ophthalmology
Jesse Panthagani, Charles O'Donovan, Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi, Xiaoxuan Liu, Susan Bayliss, Melanie Calvert, Konrad Pesudovs, Alastair K. Denniston, David J. Moore, Tasanee Braithwaite
Summary: This study aims to search for and critically evaluate the psychometric quality of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) developed or validated in optic neuritis. The results indicate that there is still a need for the development and improvement of PROMs applicable to optic neuritis.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mayumi Ueta, Chikara Inoue, Mitsuko Nakata, Chie Sotozono, Mee Kum Kim, Tais Wakamatsu, Passara Jongkhajornpong, Hajirah Saeed, Saaeha Rauz, David Hui-Kang Ma, Kyung Chul Yoon, Vilavun Puangsricharern, Charles Bouchard, Sajjad Ahmad, Kyoung Yul Seo, Choun-Ki Joo, Jose Alvaro Pereira Gomes, James Chodosh, Shigeru Kinoshita, Satoshi Teramukai
Summary: We formed an international research collaboration to evaluate the role of race, ethnicity, and other risk factors in Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The study involved 682 patients from 13 hospitals between 2005 and 2020. Findings suggest that ingestion of cold medications, common cold symptoms prior to onset, and young age contribute to the development of severe ocular complications in SJS/TEN.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Anita L. Slade, Alberto Recchioni, Olalekan L. Aiyegbusi, Ameeta Retzer, Laura Nice, Elizabeth Dancey, Melanie J. Calvert, Saaeha Rauz
Summary: This study aimed to develop a conceptual map of dry eye symptoms (DES) and assess the importance of identified concepts. Through a web-based survey, 125 concepts and six thematic clusters were identified, with "Environmental impacts" ranking the highest in importance, followed by "Pain and Discomfort," "Eye Treatments," "Daily Impact," "Psychosocial Issues," and "Miscellaneous." Comparison with existing PRO measures revealed several important issues that were not captured, such as the impact of UV levels, hot dry weather, temporal aspects of pain, and night-driving issues.
Article
Ophthalmology
Edward J. Bilton, Emily J. Guggenheim, Balazs Baranyi, Charlotte Radovanovic, Rowena L. Williams, William Bradlow, Alastair K. Denniston, Susan P. Mollan
Summary: This article describes the data set for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and cardiovascular disease in the INSIGHT eye health data set. The data set contains a large amount of clinical data and ocular images, which can be used for research and improvement of patient treatment and prognosis.
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Samuel G. Latham, Richard L. Williams, Liam M. Grover, Saaeha Rauz
Summary: Climate change poses a threat to human health and wellbeing globally, with many countries and organizations setting net-zero targets. The UK National Health Service (NHS), one of the top 10 employers in the world, has committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2045. Dry eye disease, a chronic illness with an environmentally damaging care pathway, generates significant waste and pollution. By reducing emissions and pollution, environmental sustainability can be improved to protect health and wellbeing.