Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zachary C. Stensland, John C. Cambier, Mia J. Smith
Summary: Targeted therapies focusing on autoantigen-specific B cells have shown potential for more precise treatment of autoimmune disorders, while also presenting challenges that need to be addressed for their clinical applicability.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aksim Mamonkin, Malcolm K. Brenner
Summary: Exhausted engineered T cells show improved antitumor activity with pulsatile signaling.
Review
Immunology
Yang Zhao, Junfeng Du, Xiaofei Shen
Summary: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a major negative regulator in tumor microenvironment (TME) by inhibiting immune response and promoting immunosuppression. This review focuses on the features of MDSCs in TME and potential targets for tumor immunotherapy. Therapies aiming to reprogram TME, prevent MDSC immunosuppression, promote MDSC differentiation, and impact MDSC recruitment and abundance in tumor site are discussed. Combinatorial strategies to improve clinical efficacy and outcomes of cancer patients through better understanding of MDSCs generation and suppression in TME are also summarized.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Youshi Zheng, Cuilin Zhang, Zisen Lai, Yongyi Zeng, Juan Li, Da Zhang, Xiaolong Liu
Summary: A bispecific and stable Y-type Ap was designed using a Y-shaped DNA scaffold to enhance adoptive immunotherapy of HCC solid tumors by redirecting NK cells. The Y-type Ap showed high stability and resistance, displaying stronger binding with NK cells and tumor cells, leading to increased cytokine secretion and antitumor efficiency. This study provides a platform for constructing stable bispecific Ap with potential for improving immunotherapy of solid tumors.
Review
Immunology
Sai Harsha Krovi, Vijay K. Kuchroo
Summary: Autoimmune diseases are characterized by dysfunctional immune systems causing tissue destruction. CD4(+) T lymphocytes play crucial roles, requiring activation through three signals. Disruption of these signals in autoimmunity leads to loss of tolerance in CD4(+) T cells.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wanwisa Promsote, Ling Xu, Jason Hataye, Giulia Fabozzi, Kylie March, Cassandra G. Almasri, Megan E. DeMouth, Sarah E. Lovelace, Chloe Adrienna Talana, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Krisha McKee, Sabrina Helmold Hait, Joseph P. Casazza, David Ambrozak, Jochen Beninga, Ercole Rao, Norbert Furtmann, Joerg Birkenfeld, Elizabeth McCarthy, John-Paul Todd, Constantinos Petrovas, Mark Connors, Andrew T. Hebert, Jeremy Beck, Junqing Shen, Bailin Zhang, Mikhail Levit, Ronnie R. Wei, Zhi-yong Yang, Amarendra Pegu, John R. Mascola, Gary J. Nabel, Richard A. Koup
Summary: Researchers have developed a trispecific antibody that can activate and target latently HIV-1 infected cells for elimination by T cells, providing an alternative strategy for curing HIV.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anna Sophie Thomann, Theresa Schneider, Laura Cyran, Ina Nathalie Eckert, Andreas Kerstan, Manfred B. Lutz
Summary: The study illustrates the induction of anergic CD4(+) T cells in vivo through high doses of antigen, converting them into suppressive Foxp3(-) IL-10(+) Tr1 cells. The up-regulation kinetics of several markers and the necessity for transient intracellular CTLA-4 expression in the conversion process are discussed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xuguang Tai, Alyssa Indart, Mirelle Rojano, Jie Guo, Nicolai Apenes, Tejas Kadakia, Marco Craveiro, Amala Alag, Ruth Etzensperger, Mohamed Elsherif Badr, Flora Zhang, Zhongmei Zhang, Jie Mu, Terry Guinter, Assiatu Crossman, Larry Granger, Susan Sharrow, Xuyu Zhou, Alfred Singer
Summary: Singer and colleagues have found that the fate of autoreactive CD4(+) thymocytes is determined by the timing and duration of agonist signaling. Early agonist signaling leads to clonal deletion, while late agonist signaling induces the differentiation into Foxp3(+) T-reg cells or IL-2(+) T-eff cells depending on TGF-beta's interference with TCR signaling. These findings reveal that disruption or persistence of agonist signaling is a general mechanism that determines the lineage fate of autoreactive thymocytes in the thymus.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeffrey M. Friedman
Summary: This year's Lasker Award is awarded to Dieter Oesterhelt, Peter Hegemann, and Karl Deisseroth for their discovery of microbial opsins as light-activated ion conductors and the development of optogenetics using these proteins to regulate neural activity in awake, behaving animals. Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience and transformed our understanding of brain function.
Article
Oncology
Ilaria Grazia Zizzari, Alessandra Di Filippo, Andrea Botticelli, Lidia Strigari, Angelina Pernazza, Emma Rullo, Maria Gemma Pignataro, Alessio Ugolini, Fabio Scirocchi, Francesca Romana Di Pietro, Ernesto Rossi, Alain Gelibter, Giovanni Schinzari, Giulia D'Amati, Aurelia Rughetti, Paolo Marchetti, Marianna Nuti, Chiara Napoletano
Summary: CD137(+) T cells recognize and react to tumors, and high levels of CD137(+) T cells are associated with better clinical status and longer survival, while immunosuppressive sCD137 is associated with poor survival. CD137(+) T cells can serve as a biomarker for successful immunotherapy.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
I. Fryc, M. Listowski, R. Supronowicz
Summary: This study evaluates the color matching possibilities between phosphor-converted LEDs and replacement metameric LEDs made by color mixing technology. It finds that evaluating LED color consistency solely based on the classic CIE 1976 color space may not provide accurate information. Using the latest CIE 2015 color space for evaluation can offer more comprehensive and precise results.
Review
Energy & Fuels
I. M. Dharmadasa, A. E. Alam
Summary: This review paper summarizes the key issues observed in CdTe and CdS/CdTe solar cells over the past four decades, focusing on two successful growth techniques, electrodeposition and closed space sublimation, which have been commercialized. The authors share their comprehensive experience in electrical contacts, surfaces & interfaces, electroplated CdTe, and solar cell development, which led to the design of band gap multilayer solar cells applied to the CdS/CdTe structure. Consistent and reproducible results obtained from electroplated CdTe and devices are presented, and suggestions are provided for achieving or surpassing the record efficiency of 22.1% using CSS material growth technique.
Article
Immunology
Manuel Reithofer, Sandra Rosskopf, Judith Leitner, Claire Battin, Barbara Bohle, Peter Steinberger, Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
Summary: The translation highlights the different effects of costimulatory signals on human CD8 T-cell responses, with CD28 costimulation enhancing antigen-reactive CD8 T cells, 4-1BB costimulation inducing bystander proliferation, and CD27 signals enhancing antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zoufang Huang, Saikat Dewanjee, Pratik Chakraborty, Niraj Kumar Jha, Abhijit Dey, Moumita Gangopadhyay, Xuan-Yu Chen, Jian Wang, Saurabh Kumar Jha
Summary: Malignant brain tumors are difficult to manage, but there is optimism that immunotherapy using CAR T cells may help. CAR T cells use tumor-targeting specificity to direct T cells' cytolytic capacity. Several molecules have been identified as potential targets for immunotherapy in brain cancer. However, there are factors that slow down the progress of CAR T cell treatments for brain cancers. This study offers a thorough analysis of CAR T cells' promise in treating brain cancer and potential solutions to the issues encountered.
Article
Oncology
Elizabeth R. Sturgill, Annah S. Rolig, Stefanie N. Linch, Courtney Mick, Melissa J. Kasiewicz, Zhaoyu Sun, Peter G. Traber, Harold Shlevin, William L. Redmond
Summary: Combining Gal-3 inhibition with aOX40 therapy promotes tumor regression and increases survival by reducing M-MDSC-mediated immune suppression, enhancing CD8(+) T cell recruitment, leading to improved tumor regression and survival.
