Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maryam Zangi, Katherine A. Donald, Andreu Gazquez Casals, Abaigeal D. Franson, Alice J. Yu, Elise M. Marker, Molly E. Woodson, Scott D. Campbell, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Tanguturi Venkata Narayana Hajay Kumar, Makala Shakar Reddy, Lingala Vijaya Raghava Reddy, Subir Kumar Sadhukhan, David W. Griggs, Lynda A. Morrison, Marvin J. Meyers
Summary: The derivative compounds of ciclopirox olamine effectively inhibit replication of HSV-2 with low cytotoxicity, indicating their strong therapeutic potential. Structural comparison confirms the importance of hydrophobic groups in the efficacy of ciclopirox and its derivatives.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Anastasia Gkeka, Francisco Aresta-Branco, Gianna Triller, Evi P. Vlachou, Monique van Straaten, Mirjana Lilic, Paul Dominic B. Olinares, Kathryn Perez, Brian T. Chait, Renata Blatnik, Thomas Ruppert, Joseph P. Verdi, C. Erec Stebbins, F. Nina Papavasiliou
Summary: The African trypanosome uses antigenic variation of its major surface antigen to evade the immune response of its mammalian host. Different variants of the surface antigen (VSGs) elicit highly restricted and discriminatory antibody repertoires, directed predominantly to distinct epitopes on the VSG surface. Minor alterations within these exposed epitopes confer antigenically distinct properties to the VSGs, leading to different antibody responses. The patterned and repetitive nature of the VSG coat focuses host immunity to a restricted set of immunodominant epitopes per VSG, minimizing cross-reactivity between different VSGs and facilitating prolonged immune evasion through epitope variation.
Article
Immunology
Jennifer D. Galli, Melanie Horton, Eberhard Durr, Gwendolyn J. Heidecker, Daniel Freed, Arthur Fridman, Dai Wang, Lan Zhang
Summary: Researchers have successfully produced soluble gE and gE/gI heterodimer of HSV-2 and found that heterodimer mutants can still maintain the formation with gI while reducing the Fc binding ability. The neutralizing antibody levels induced by these mutant vaccines were significantly higher than those induced by wildtype heterodimers.
Article
Cell Biology
Shuai Lu, Xi-xiu Xie, Lei Zhao, Bin Wang, Jie Zhu, Ting-rui Yang, Guang-wen Yang, Mei Ji, Cui-ping Lv, Jian Xue, Er-hei Dai, Xi-ming Fu, Dong-qun Liu, Lun Zhang, Sheng-jie Hou, Xiao-lin Yu, Yu-ling Wang, Hui-xia Gao, Xue-han Shi, Chang-wen Ke, Bi-xia Ke, Chun-guo Jiang, Rui-tian Liu
Summary: The study reveals that predicted epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 effectively induce antibody production, with some being immunodominant. There are differences in immunodominant epitopes between individuals with domestic and imported SARS-CoV-2, possibly due to mutations on the proteins. Several epitopes on the S protein elicit neutralizing antibodies against different variants of SARS-CoV-2, showing potential for vaccine design against coronaviruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bishajit Sarkar, Md. Asad Ullah, Yusha Araf, Sowmen Das, Md. Hasanur Rahman, Abu Tayab Moin
Summary: HSV is a highly infectious virus with two types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, infecting millions worldwide. This study designed three polyvalent subunit vaccines targeting multiple strains of HSV, which showed stability and potential effectiveness through molecular docking and simulation studies. Validation of these vaccines in wet lab-based studies is still needed.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kai Jiang, Jing Feng, Xia Qi, Lili Ran, Lixin Xie
Summary: This study validated the inhibitory effect of oridonin on herpes simplex virus type 1 and demonstrated its potential in alleviating herpes simplex keratitis infection in mice.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sita Awasthi, James J. Knox, Angela Desmond, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Brian T. Gaudette, John M. Lubinski, Alexis Naughton, Lauren M. Hook, Kevin P. Egan, Ying K. Tam, Norbert Pardi, David Allman, Eline T. Luning Prak, Michael P. Cancro, Drew Weissman, Gary H. Cohen, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines show more durable protection in animal models compared to protein vaccines, with higher neutralizing antibody titers and robust B cell immune memory. The correlation between high neutralizing titers and B cell immune memory likely explains the more lasting protection provided by the mRNA vaccine.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Christine Johnston
Summary: This article discusses the management of genital herpes infection and provides recommendations based on a systematic literature review, serving as a basis for updating the treatment guidelines.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kening Wang, Lesia Dropulic, Joel Bozekowski, Harlan L. Pietz, Sinthujan Jegaskanda, Kennichi Dowdell, Joshua S. Vogel, Doreen Garabedian, Makinna Oestreich, Hanh Nguyen, Mir A. Ali, Keith Lumbard, Sally Hunsberger, Jack Reifert, Winston A. Haynes, Jaymie R. Sawyer, John C. Shon, Patrick S. Daugherty, Jeffrey Cohen
Summary: The HSV-2 replication-defective vaccine HSV529 induces serum neutralizing antibody responses in most recipients. Vaccine recipients developed antibodies to epitopes of several viral proteins, although fewer epitopes were detected compared to naturally infected individuals. The vaccine also induces antibodies that mediate HSV-2-specific natural killer cell activation, which can reduce HSV genital infection by transporting potent serum antibodies to the genital tract.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yiwei Huang, Yuyun Song, Jichen Li, Changning Lv, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Zhijun Liu
Summary: Human herpes simplex viruses use cell surface receptors such as heparan sulfate, herpesvirus entry mediator, and nectin-1/-2, 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate to enter host cells. No vaccine or curative treatment is currently available for HSV infections.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Andrew G. Diamos, Mary D. Pardhe, Melissa H. Bergeman, Aigerim S. Kamzina, Michelle P. DiPalma, Sara Aman, Artemio Chaves, Kenneth Lowe, Jacquelyn Kilbourne, Ian B. Hogue, Hugh S. Mason
Summary: This study designed a self-binding recombinant immune complex (RIC) vaccine that mimics the larger immune complexes (ICs) generated during natural infection. The results showed that RIC formed larger complexes and enhanced C1q receptor binding 25-fold compared to traditional IC. Immunization with RIC induced significantly higher gD-specific antibody titers and stronger virus-specific neutralization against HSV-2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nelly R. Mugo, Randy M. Stalter, Renee Heffron, Helen Rees, Caitlin W. Scoville, Charles Morrison, Athena P. Kourtis, Elizabeth Bukusi, Mags Beksinka, Neena M. Philip, Ivana Beesham, Jen Deese, Vinodh Edward, Deborah Donnell, Jared M. Baeten
Summary: This study found no association between HSV-2 acquisition and the use of three contraceptive methods through a randomized trial. Previous observational studies have suggested a possible association between the use of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM) and HSV-2 acquisition.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Martyna Janicka, Marcin Chodkowski, Magdalena Patrycy, Oliwia Obuch-Woszczatynska, Emilia Tomaszewska, Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda, Grzegorz Celichowski, Jaroslaw Grobelny
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of EGCG-AgNPs on herpes virus infections and their role in immune response. The results showed that EGCG-AgNPs effectively inhibited the attachment and entry of HSV viruses and significantly increased the infiltration of immune cells and the expression of IFN and CXCL proteins during treatment.
Article
Cell Biology
Saskia Meyer, Isaac Blaas, Ravi Chand Bollineni, Marina Delic-Sarac, Trung T. Tran, Cathrine Knetter, Ke-Zheng Dai, Torfinn Stove Madssen, John T. Vaage, Alice Gustavsen, Weiwen Yang, Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer, Karolos Douvlataniotis, Maarja Laos, Morten Milek Nielsen, Bernd Thiede, Arne Soraas, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Even H. Rustad, Johanna Olweus
Summary: Research shows that mutations in the coronavirus can lead to escape from neutralizing antibodies and loss of T cell epitopes. Previous studies on viral escape from T cell immunity have been hindered by uncertain estimates of epitope prevalence. This study maps and quantifies CD8 T cell responses to specific minimal epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescent individuals. It finds that mutations in variants of concern (VOC) are present in some epitopes but does not provide evidence that the mutations are driven by escape from T cell immunity.
Article
Microbiology
Yan Yan, Kai Hu, Ming Fu, Xu Deng, Sukun Luo, Lina Tong, Xinmeng Guan, Siyi He, Chang Li, Wei Jin, Tao Du, Zifeng Zheng, Mudan Zhang, Yalan Liu, Qinxue Hu
Summary: By immunizing with chemokine-antigen fusion constructs, especially CCL28, along with DNA vaccines, enhanced immune responses against mucosal viral infections, particularly HSV-2, were achieved in mice. This study highlights the potential of using CCL19 or CCL28 in combination with antigens as a promising vaccination strategy to control genital mucosal infections.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Rachel A. Bradbury, Darshika Christie-David, Howard C. Smith, Karen Byth, Creswell J. Eastman
Summary: The study found that women taking iodine supplements for >= 6 months had a significant increase in TSH levels during COH, similar to LT4-dependent patients. However, iodine supplementation did not affect oocyte count, fertilisation, or implantation rates.
AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anthony M. Whitfield, Nicholas G. Burgess, Farzan F. Bahin, Sharir Kabir, Maria Pellise, Rebecca Sonson, Vishnu Subramanian, Hema Mahajan, Duncan McLeod, Karen Byth, Michael J. Bourke
Summary: This study compared the tissue effects of different electrosurgical currents during endoscopic mucosal resection in a porcine model. The results showed that for snare resection, there was no significant difference between MCC and LPCC in terms of tissue effects on the colon wall. However, for margin ablation, APC was less uniform and complete compared with STSC.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ahmed Al-Omary, Karen Byth, Martin Weltman, Jacob George, Mohammed Eslam
Summary: This study aimed to assess the characteristics and outcomes of patients with a dual etiology liver disease. The study found that patients with CHC and concomitant MAFLD had more severe liver disease than those with viral hepatitis alone.
JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Jonathan Perry, Karen Byth, Alan Bullingham
Summary: Intermittent wound infusion catheter infusion regimes were associated with lower maximum daily dynamic pain scores, although the magnitude of this change may be of limited clinical significance.
REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sunil Gupta, Mayenaaz Sidhu, Neal Shahidi, Sergei Vosko, Owen McKay, Farzan Fahrtash Bahin, Simmi Zahid, Anthony Whitfield, Karen Byth, Gregor Brown, Eric Yong Tat Lee, Stephen John Williams, Nicholas Graeme Burgess, Michael John Bourke
Summary: This study aimed to assess the use of prophylactic clip closure in preventing clinically significant post-EMR bleeding within the right colon. The results showed that prophylactic clip closure can reduce the risk of clinically significant post-EMR bleeding in the management of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps of 20 mm or larger in the right colon.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Oliver Cronin, Mayenaaz Sidhu, Neal Shahidi, Sunil Gupta, Timothy O'Sullivan, Anthony Whitfield, Hunter Wang, Puja Kumar, Luke F. Hourigan, Karen Byth, Nicholas G. Burgess, Michael J. Bourke
Summary: This study suggests that compared with LNPCPs in the rest of the colon, rectal LNPCPs are more likely to be larger and contain more advanced pathology. These findings have implications for curative endoscopic resection techniques particularly where early cancer is present.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Joon Hyung Kim, Robert Johnson, Martina Kovac, Anthony L. Cunningham, Mohamed Amakrane, Keith M. Sullivan, Alemnew F. Dagnew, Desmond Curran, Anne Schuind
Summary: Herpes zoster and HZ-associated pain significantly impact the quality of life of older and immunocompromised adults. The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine has been proven effective in preventing HZ and reducing pain severity in healthy and immunocompromised adults. It also reduces the duration of HZ-associated pain and pain medication use, thus improving patients' quality of life.
Article
Cell Biology
Heeva Baharlou, Nicolas Canete, Erica E. Vine, Kevin Hu, Di Yuan, Kerrie J. Sandgren, Kirstie M. Bertram, Najla Nasr, Jake W. Rhodes, Martijn P. Gosselink, Angelina Di Re, Faizur Reza, Grahame Ctercteko, Nimalan Pathma-Nathan, Geoff Collins, James Toh, Ellis Patrick, Muzlifah A. Haniffa, Jacob D. Estes, Scott N. Byrne, Anthony L. Cunningham, Andrew N. Harman
Summary: The initial immune response to HIV determines transmission. However, due to technical limitations we still do not have a comparative map of early mucosal transmission events. By combining RNAscope, immunofluorescence, and image analysis tools, the researchers quantified HIV transmission signatures in intact human colorectal explants within 2 hours of topical exposure. They found that HIV enrichment occurs in mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) and submucosal macrophages, but not CD4+ T cells. The researchers also discovered that HIV entry induces recruitment and clustering of target cells, facilitating DC- and macrophage-mediated HIV transfer and enhanced infection of CD4+T cells.
Review
Immunology
Jacinta B. Smith, Jason J. Herbert, Naomi R. Truong, Anthony L. Cunningham
Summary: Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2 are common infections in humans, causing oral and genital herpes. There is currently no vaccine or immunotherapy available for these diseases, making it crucial to understand the immunopathogenesis of HSV infections to develop preventive and therapeutic interventions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Desmond Curran, Sean Matthews, Celine Boutry, Nicolas Lecrenier, Anthony L. Cunningham, Kenneth Schmader
Summary: This post hoc analysis reveals the incidence and burden of HZ in immunocompetent adults and HSCT recipients. The incidence of HZ is high in immunocompetent adults aged 50 years and older, and even more severe in HSCT recipients aged 18 years and older.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Kirstie M. Bertram, Thomas R. O'Neil, Erica E. Vine, Heeva Baharlou, Anthony L. Cunningham, Andrew N. Harman
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anouschka Akerman, Vanessa Milogiannakis, Tyra Jean, Camille Esneau, Mariana Ruiz Silva, Timothy Ison, Christina Fichter, Joseph A. Lopez, Deborah Chandra, Zin Naing, Joanna Caguicla, Daiyang Li, Gregory Walker, Supavadee Amatayakul-Chantler, Nathan Roth, Sandro Manni, Thomas Hauser, Thomas Barnes, Anna Condylios, Malinna Yeang, Maureen Wong, Charles S. P. Foster, Kenta Sato, Sharon Lee, Yang Song, Lijun Mao, Allison Sigmund, Amy Phu, Ann Marie Vande More, Stephanie Hunt, Mark Douglas, Ian Caterson, Warwick Britton, Kerrie Sandgren, Rowena Bull, Andrew Lloyd, Jamie Triccas, Stuart Tangye, Nathan W. Bartlett, David Darley, Gail Matthews, Damien J. Stark, Kathy Petoumenos, William D. Rawlinson, Ben Murrell, Fabienne Brilot, Anthony L. Cunningham, Anthony D. Kelleher, Anupriya Aggarwal, Stuart G. Turville
Summary: This study monitored the neutralization potency and breadth of antibodies against Omicron variants over time. The findings show that the antibody response to Omicron variants has been maturing, with increased breadth observed even to variants that were not yet in circulation.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Thomas R. O'Neil, Andrew N. Harman, Anthony L. Cunningham, Najla Nasr, Kirstie M. Bertram
Summary: Understanding the role of human immune cells in tissue is crucial. We developed a 24-color flow cytometry panel to analyze CD4(+) and CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T cells from human tissues. We carefully selected antibody clones and evaluated the effect of enzymatic digestion to ensure accurate marker expression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura E. Downie, Xinyuan Zhang, Mengliang Wu, Senuri Karunaratne, Joon Keit Loi, Kirthana Senthil, Sana Arshad, Kirstie Bertram, Anthony L. Cunningham, Nicole Carnt, Scott N. Mueller, Holly R. Chinnery
Summary: The healthy human cornea contains immune cells that are commonly presumed to be dendritic cells, but the researchers found that many of these immune cells are actually lymphocytes. These corneal immune cells exhibit rapid, persistent motility and interact with other cells. The behavior of these immune cells can be altered in response to acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli, which can be modulated by therapeutic intervention.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Danastas, Gerry Guo, Jessica Merjane, Nathan Hong, Ava Larsen, Monica Miranda-Saksena, Anthony L. Cunningham
Summary: This study explores the effects of interferons (IFNs) on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and reveals that IFNs have the potential to block virus release from nerve endings, thereby preventing transmission into the skin. The study also highlights the potential wider antiviral effects of IFN-γ in neurons, suggesting its role in HSV-1 reactivation. These findings identify new targets for the development of immunotherapies to impede HSV-1 spread from nerves to the skin.