Article
Oceanography
D. G. Babb, R. J. Galley, S. Kirillov, J. C. Landy, S. E. L. Howell, J. C. Stroeve, W. Meier, J. K. Ehn, D. G. Barber
Summary: The loss of multiyear sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has occurred primarily through two stepwise reductions: in 1989 and in 2006-2008. The first reduction was due to high export of multiyear ice, while the second reduction was a result of both high export and melt, as well as limited replenishment of multiyear ice. Although currently stable, reduced retention of older multiyear ice has led to a younger and thinner multiyear ice pack, potentially setting the stage for another reduction.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Claire L. Parkinson, Nicolo E. DiGirolamo
Summary: The satellite dataset spanning 42 years from 1979 to 2020 reveals recent losses in sea ice coverage in both the Arctic and Antarctic, with the Arctic experiencing record low sea ice extents while the Antarctic has seen record lows since 2015. The data also shows that globally, every calendar month has recorded a new monthly record low within the past 5 years, indicating a rapid decline in global sea ice coverage.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Linda Armbrecht, Michael E. Weber, Maureen E. Raymo, Victoria L. Peck, Trevor Williams, Jonathan Warnock, Yuji Kato, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, Frida Hoem, Brendan Reilly, Sidney Hemming, Ian Bailey, Yasmina M. Martos, Marcus Gutjahr, Vincent Percuoco, Claire Allen, Stefanie Brachfeld, Fabricio G. Cardillo, Zhiheng Du, Gerson Fauth, Chris Fogwill, Marga Garcia, Anna Glueder, Michelle Guitard, Ji-Hwan Hwang, Mutsumi Iizuka, Bridget Kenlee, Suzanne O'Connell, Lara F. Perez, Thomas A. Ronge, Osamu Seki, Lisa Tauxe, Shubham Tripathi, Xufeng Zheng
Summary: Antarctica is susceptible to climate change, and it is crucial to study the responses of the polar marine ecosystem to ensure urgent action. Sedimentary ancient DNA analysis provides insights into ecosystem-wide changes, as demonstrated in this study of the Scotia Sea region.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jong -Min Kim, Sang -Woo Kim, Byung-Ju Sohn, Hyun-Cheol Kim, Sang-Moo Lee, Young-Joo Kwon, Hoyeon Shi, Andrey V. Pnyushkov
Summary: A method was developed to estimate pan-Arctic ice draft using spaceborne passive microwave measured brightness temperatures. The method was validated using upward-looking sonar measurements and ice mass balance buoy measurements. The results showed good agreement between the estimated ice draft and the measurements, suggesting the robustness of the estimation method.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seungmok Paik, Daehyun Kim, Soon-Il An, Yoo-Geun Ham
Summary: This study evaluates the projections of September sea ice area (SIA) in the Arctic using CMIP6 model simulations and taking into account Arctic sub-regions. Findings show that the models overestimate the historical SIA decreasing trend in the central Arctic but underestimate it in the surrounding shelf seas. The central Arctic, which is expected to retain sea ice for the longest period, is of particular significance in predicting the first ice-free September. Observationally-constrained projections suggest a delay of 12 years compared to raw/unconstrained projections, highlighting the importance of considering model biases in central Arctic SIA.
Article
Oceanography
Yuri Fukai, Kohei Matsuno, Amane Fujiwara, Koji Suzuki, Mindy L. Richlen, Evangeline Fachon, Donald M. Anderson
Summary: The Pacific Arctic region is characterized by seasonal sea-ice, with diatoms being the dominant phytoplankton group during spring and summer. The study found that sea-ice dynamics are an important determinant of diatom species composition and distribution, with open-water species being abundant in areas where sea-ice retreats earlier, and sea-ice diatom species being more prevalent in areas with higher light levels under the sea-ice.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lars Aue, Timo Vihma, Petteri Uotila, Annette Rinke
Summary: Based on the ERA5 reanalysis, this study examines the impacts of transient cyclones on sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean under New Arctic conditions (2000-2020). The results show a pattern of reduced SIC prior to and during cyclones for the entire study area, with a regional difference of increased SIC in the Barents Sea and reduced SIC in the Greenland Sea from 3 days before to 5 days after the cyclone passage. The study suggests that both thermodynamic and dynamic effects contribute to the SIC changes, particularly in the Barents Sea, compared to the Old Arctic (1979-1999).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Victoria Hill, Bonnie Light, Michael Steele, Andrew Lowy Sybrandy
Summary: Novel observations were collected on the seasonal evolution of an ice algal bloom on the Chukchi shelf using two autonomous buoys. The differences in ice algae biomass under each buoy were driven by variations in snow thickness, with nutrients being limiting at the low snow site and light being limiting at the high snow site.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jinlun Zhang
Summary: The model study indicates that the slowdown in the decline of Arctic sea ice volume during 2007-2020 is a result of decreased ice export exceeding the decrease in net ice production. Thinner ice grows faster than thicker ice under freezing conditions, and benefits from enhanced ice divergence and shear.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiao Zhou, Bin Wang, Fei Huang
Summary: The rapid decline of Arctic sea ice is a clear indication of global climate change. Existing evaluation metrics are insufficient, leading to the proposal of two new metrics based on sea ice thickness. Good models project the first ice-free year in the Arctic to be 2049.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jianxiang Xu, Jing-Jia Luo, Chaoxia Yuan
Summary: The Arctic is currently experiencing significant warming, which has widespread impacts on global climate. A new study suggests that Indian Ocean warming contributes to the Arctic warming through enhancing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, leading to increased ocean heat transport from the North Atlantic to the Arctic. This results in upper ocean warming dominating the surface warming in the Arctic. Additionally, despite the net negative contribution of atmospheric heat transport, more warm air is conveyed to the Kara Seas, North Eurasia, and North America sectors, contributing to local warming.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jingwen Zeng, Qinghua Yang, Xuewei Li, Xiaojun Yuan, Mitchell Bushuk, Dake Chen
Summary: This study investigates the potential influence of surface heat flux, cloud, and water vapor anomalies on the monthly to seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies. The results show that models using surface fluxes, clouds, or water vapor in combination with SIC and surface sea temperature as predictors can enhance the skill in predicting Arctic September SIC when initialized in spring. This suggests that including the surface heat budget has the potential to reduce the spring barrier for Arctic SIC predictions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Sledd, T. S. L'Ecuyer, J. E. Kay, M. Steele
Summary: As Arctic sea ice retreats, the warming of the upper ocean in response to atmospheric heat fluxes is influenced by the timing of sea ice retreat and the radiative impacts of clouds. Clouds can reflect solar radiation and counteract summer warming, explaining up to 13% more variability in maximum annual sea surface temperatures under modern-day CO2 concentrations. Summer clouds have little direct effect on maximum annual SST under pre-industrial CO2 concentrations, but they become three times more sensitive when CO2 concentrations are four times pre-industrial levels.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yunhe Wang, Xiaojun Yuan, Haibo Bi, Yibin Ren, Yu Liang, Cuihua Li, Xiaofeng Li
Summary: The study developed a linear Markov model for the seasonal prediction of sea ice thickness (SIT). The model performed better in the cold season and up to 12 months in advance in the Arctic basin. The model skill remained high even after removing trends and the upper-ocean heat content (OHC) was found to contribute more to SIT prediction skill than other variables.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrew M. Chiodi, Chidong Zhang, Edward D. Cokelet, Qiong Yang, Calvin W. Mordy, Chelle L. Gentemann, Jessica N. Cross, Noah Lawrence-Slavas, Christian Meinig, Michael Steele, Don E. Harrison, Phyllis J. Stabeno, Heather M. Tabisola, Dongxiao Zhang, Eugene F. Burger, Kevin M. O'Brien, Muyin Wang
Summary: More high-quality, in situ observations of essential marine variables are needed to better understand Arctic (or Antarctic) weather, climate, and ecosystems. This study analyzes the challenges and opportunities for improving remote ice navigation strategies with uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs).
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Simon T. Belt, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Lukas Smik, Alba Navarro-Rodriguez, Sarah M. P. Berben, Jochen Knies, Katrine Husum
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2015)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Simon T. Belt, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
(2015)
Article
Geography, Physical
Leonid Polyak, Simon T. Belt, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Masanobu Yamamoto, Yu-Hyeon Park
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lukas Smik, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Simon T. Belt
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
(2016)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Patricia Cabedo Sanz, Lukas Smik, Simon T. Belt
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
(2016)
Article
Geography, Physical
Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Simon T. Belt, Anne E. Jennings, John T. Andrews, Aslaug Geirsdottir
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2016)
Article
Geography, Physical
J. T. Andrews, P. Cabedo-Sanz, A. E. Jennings, S. Olafsdottir, S. T. Belt, A. Geirsdottir
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Anne E. Jennings, John T. Andrews, Colm O. Cofaigh, Guillaume St-Onge, Simon Belt, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Christof Pearce, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, D. Calvin Campbell
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
H. Detlef, S. T. Belt, S. M. Sosdian, L. Smik, C. H. Lear, I. R. Hall, P. Cabedo-Sanz, K. Husum, S. Kender
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2018)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David J. Harning, John T. Andrews, Simon T. Belt, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Aslaug Geirsdottir, Nadia Dildar, Gifford H. Miller, Julio Sepulveda
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karen Jiaxi Wang, Yongsong Huang, Markus Majaneva, Simon T. Belt, Sian Liao, Joseph Novak, Tyler R. Kartzinel, Timothy D. Herbert, Nora Richter, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz
Summary: Alkenones are biomarkers produced by algae to reconstruct sea surface temperature, but in high latitudes, a specific lineage of Isochrysidales contributes to elevated C-37:4 methyl alkenone levels. This marker is closely correlated with sea ice concentration, making %C-37:4 a powerful proxy for reconstructing sea ice conditions in high latitude oceans over long timescales.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
D. A. Darby, J. T. Andrews, S. T. Belt, A. E. Jennings, P. Cabedo-Sanz
ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH
(2017)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Anne E. Jennings, John T. Andrews, Colm O. Cofaigh, Guillaume St Onge, Christina Sheldon, Simon T. Belt, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Claude Hillaire-Marcel
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2017)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. T. Belt, T. A. Brown, L. Ampel, P. Cabedo-Sanz, K. Fahl, J. J. Kocis, G. Masse, A. Navarro-Rodriguez, J. Ruan, Y. Xu
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2014)