Kerogen based characterization of major gas shales: Effects of kerogen fractionation

Research into the origin and the mode of entrapment and expulsion of natural gas from unconventional plays requires the isolation and separation of kerogen in its purest and most intact form from the rock matrix. This study expands on the comparative analysis of the effects that isolation methods, conservative closed system versus conventional open system, have on kerogen's elemental, isotopic and physical properties. Four major gas shales, including the Barnett, the Marcellus, the Haynesville and a Polish gas shale, were chosen. In addition, the Monterey shale, though not strictly a gas shale, was included to address the effects on sulfur rich, Type II-S kerogen. Results indicate that the kerogen residues from the conventional open system method showed lower recovery and higher mineral content than those from the conservative closed system method. Differences were manifested in the elemental analysis data, where kerogens isolated using the open system method showed a significant deficit in the organic C, H, O, S and N material balance. Furthermore, the recovered residues show different sulfur content and delta S-34 composition, most likely attributable to differences in pyrite content. Nevertheless, the relative abundances of the various macerals in the kerogen residues from the same parent shale are not very different; neither was the bulk delta C-13 composition of the recovered residues. This is not particularly surprising, considering that in all the five cases examined in this study, the organic matter was fairly homogeneous. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.