Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paolo Usai-Satta, Francesco Oppia, Mariantonia Lai, Francesco Cabras
Summary: This study examines the utility of hydrogen breath testing (BT) in the diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption, finding that lactose BT has good sensitivity and specificity for lactose malabsorption, while dose-dependent fructose and sorbitol malabsorption do not show diagnostic advantage compared to dietary intervention.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joelle BouSaba, Wassel Sannaa, Sanna McKinzie, Priya Vijayvargiya, Victor Chedid, Xiao Jing Wang, Jessica Atieh, Ting Zheng, Justin Brandler, Ann L. Taylor, Irene Busciglio, W. Scott Harmsen, Michael Camilleri
Summary: Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) has a significant impact on the demographics, bowel and somatic symptoms, and quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). Patients with BAD are older, have a higher body mass index, experience more severe bowel dysfunction, and have a greater impact on quality of life. They are more likely to receive medication and are more prone to depression.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
S. Coughlan, A. Das, E. O'Herlihy, F. Shanahan, P. W. O'Toole, I. B. Jeffery
Summary: The study conducted metagenomic sequencing of fecal Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) from 55 patients with IBS and 51 control individuals. It found significantly lower alpha diversity of viral clusters in IBS, identified core viromes in both IBS and control groups, and noted no significant covariation between the virome and the bacteriome, IBS clinical subtype, or Bile Acid Malabsorption status.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sholpan Omarova, Karem Awad, Verena Moos, Christoph Puening, Greta Goelz, Jorg-Dieter Schulzke, Roland Buecker
Summary: This study observed patients with persistent PI-IBS symptoms after C. jejuni infection and found that the epithelial resistance of the colon epithelium was unaltered, but the permeability of HRP increased and some inflammation-related markers were elevated. Therefore, targeting these mechanisms caused by the infection may help reduce sequelae such as PI-IBS.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dennis Poon, Graham R. Law, Giles Major, H. Jervoise N. Andreyev
Summary: Treatable gastrointestinal disorders may be overlooked in patients with symptoms typical for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Prevalence rates of various gastrointestinal conditions were assessed in consecutive patients meeting diagnostic criteria for IBS, including bile acid diarrhea, carbohydrate malabsorption, microscopic colitis, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The rates of these conditions were significantly higher than in healthy controls, suggesting that a significant proportion of patients with IBS may have an underlying organic condition explaining their symptoms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giusi Desire Sciume, Ginevra Berti, Christian Lambiase, Italia Paglianiti, Vincenzo Villanacci, Francesco Rettura, Antonio Grosso, Angelo Ricchiuti, Nicola de Bortoli, Paolo Usai Satta, Gabrio Bassotti, Massimo Bellini
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) and functional diarrhea (FD) are disorders of gut-brain interaction that have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) and microscopic colitis (MC) are often responsible for the lack of response to conventional treatments in these patients. Therefore, considering these factors and finding appropriate treatments should be part of the diagnostic process.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Madhusudan Grover, Antonio Berumen, Stephanie Peters, Ting Wei, Margaret Breen-Lyles, William S. Harmsen, Irene Busciglio, Duane Burton, Maria Vazquez Roque, Kenneth R. DeVault, Michael Camilleri, Michael Wallace, Surendra Dasari, Helmut Neumann, Lesley A. Houghton
Summary: This study found that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) had a stronger symptom response to small intestinal lipid infusion, which was associated with the expression of TRPV channels, suggesting that TRPV-mediated small intestinal chemosensitivity may play a role in post-meal symptoms in IBS.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ao Liu, Wenkang Gao, Yixin Zhu, Xiaohua Hou, Huikuan Chu
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that significantly affects personal health and imposes a substantial economic burden on society. Emerging evidence suggests that IBS is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, including not only bacteria but also fungi, viruses, archaea, and other parasitic microorganisms. Fungi and methanogens play a role in diagnosis and treatment of IBS.
Article
Microbiology
Jonathan P. P. Jacobs, Venu Lagishetty, Megan C. C. Hauer, Jennifer S. S. Labus, Tien S. S. Dong, Ryan Toma, Momchilo Vuyisich, Bruce D. D. Naliboff, Jeffrey M. M. Lackner, Arpana Gupta, Kirsten Tillisch, Emeran A. A. Mayer
Summary: This study used multi-omics assessment methods to explore the changes in gut microbiome function in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and identified new microbial biomarkers. The findings support the application of integrated assessment of microbial function in IBS research, and contribute to the discovery of novel microbiome-related therapeutic targets.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
David J. Cangemi, Brian E. Lacy, Journey Wise
Summary: This study found poor agreement between lactulose breath test (LBT) and duodenal aspiration (DA) in the evaluation of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). LBT may be more favorable than DA due to being safer, cheaper, and less likely to yield a contaminated result. Patients with diabetes mellitus or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use were more likely to have a positive result in DA, while those with a history of small bowel resection were more likely to have a positive result in LBT.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Takanori Yoshimoto, Tadayuki Oshima, Xinyi Huang, Toshihiko Tomita, Hirokazu Fukui, Hiroto Miwa
Summary: In patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), an increase in duodenal mast cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) was observed, with a positive correlation between the number of duodenal and ileal IELs and the frequency of diarrhea. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological functions associated with micro-inflammation in IBS, as this study was strictly observational.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Iam van Thiel, W. J. de Jonge, R. M. van den Wijngaard
Summary: Although the gut microbiota consists of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, most studies on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in IBS have primarily focused on bacteria due to their higher presence. However, recent research on the intestinal mycobiome in inflammatory bowel disease suggests that the low numbers of fungi and viruses may still have relevance. This review discusses the current IBS mycobiome data and how these findings could relate to previous observations in IBS, as well as identifies questions for future research.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Imran Aziz, Magnus Simren
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized by symptoms of recurrent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Diagnosis is made by identifying characteristic symptoms and excluding organic gastrointestinal diseases.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dipesh H. Vasant, Peter A. Paine, Christopher J. Black, Lesley A. Houghton, Hazel A. Everitt, Maura Corsetti, Anurag Agrawal, Imran Aziz, Adam D. Farmer, Maria P. Eugenicos, Rona Moss-Morris, Yan Yiannakou, Alexander C. Ford
Summary: This guideline aims to review and summarize current evidence on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to inform clinical practice and provide guidance, with specific treatment recommendations based on evidence from a comprehensive search of medical literature. The guideline highlights the efficacy of dietary, pharmacological, and psychological therapies in treating IBS, and provides specific recommendations according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xuehong Deng, Lin Xiao, Mei Luo, Peiwei Xie, Lishou Xiong
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease caused by disturbances in intestinal bacteria. The interactions between bile acids, gut microbiota, and the host play a crucial role in regulating immune and metabolic homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that the bile acid-gut microbiota axis is important in the development of IBS. This literature review examines the role of bile acids in IBS pathogenesis and its potential clinical implications. The interaction between bile acids and gut microbiota in the intestines leads to compositional and functional changes seen in IBS, including gut microbial dysbiosis, disrupted bile acid pathways, and altered microbial metabolites. The alterations of farnesoid-X receptor and G protein-coupled receptor contribute to the pathogenesis of IBS. Diagnostic markers and treatments targeting bile acids and its receptor show promise for the management of IBS. Bile acids and gut microbiota are key factors in the development of IBS and may serve as attractive biomarkers for treatments. Individualized therapy targeting bile acids and its receptor could have significant diagnostic implications and requires further investigation.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ashish Srinivasan, Peter De Cruz, Daniel R. van Langenberg
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael De Gregorio, Tanya Lee, Krupa Krishnaprasad, Gregory Amos, Yoon-Kyo An, Matthew Bastian-Jordan, Jakob Begun, Nira Borok, Dougal J. M. Brown, Wa Cheung, Susan J. Connor, Jan Gerstenmaier, Lauren E. Gilbert, Robert Gilmore, Bonita Gu, Numan Kutaiba, Allan Lee, Gillian Mahy, Ashish Srinivasan, Lena Thin, Alexander J. Thompson, Christopher J. Welman, Eric X. Z. Yong, Peter De Cruz, Daniel van Langenberg, Miles P. Sparrow, Nik S. Ding
Summary: The study examines the association between anti-TNF drug levels and radiologic outcomes in perianal fistulising Crohn's disease, and finds that higher drug levels are associated with improved radiologic results.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Abhinav Vasudevan, Daniel R. van Langenberg
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
R. D. Hirsch, C. Keung, D. Con, A. Vasudevan, D. R. Van Langenberg, O. Niewiadomski
Summary: This study aimed to assess the cost of treating perianal Crohn's disease and compare it with non-perianal Crohn's disease patients. The results showed that while overall costs were similar, perianal patients had higher surgical costs, indicating the potential benefit of early intensive treatment to reduce future surgical costs.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ashish Srinivasan, Robert Gilmore, Daniel van Langenberg, Peter De Cruz
Summary: Anti-TNF dose intensification is clinically effective in patients with Crohn's disease, particularly within the first 6 months. However, a proportion of patients may fail to demonstrate short-term and/or sustained clinical response. Hence, clinical reassessment remains important, particularly beyond 6 months of dose intensification.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Danny Con, Bridgette Andrew, Steven Nicolaides, Daniel R. van Langenberg, Abhinav Vasudevan
Summary: In this study, CAR and CLR measured on day 3 post infliximab salvage for steroid-refractory ASUC were found to be strong predictors of colectomy, showing potential utility in predicting subsequent treatment outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to further confirm the predictive value of these biomarkers.
INTESTINAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Krishneel Dutt, Ashish Srinivasan, Daniel Van Langenberg
Summary: This study evaluated the nocebo effect in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who switched from originator to biosimilar medicines. The study found a temporary nocebo effect in the first 16 weeks following non-medical switching, but it was not sustained at week 32. Overcoming negative patient perceptions can be achieved through a patient-inclusive approach to non-medical switching, along with close clinical follow-up and disease monitoring.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alex Barnes, Soong-Yuan J. Ooi, Kate D. Lynch, Nina Parthasarathy, Maria Bishara, Michael Gounder, Rachel Grafton, Peta Leach, Peter Bampton, Alexandra Sechi, Watson Ng, Susan Connor, Daniel van Langenberg, Reme Mountifield, Jane M. Andrews
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients on thiopurines following therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The findings showed that TDM resulted in a change in management for the majority of patients and led to an increase in the number of patients in remission. Proactive TDM allowed for the identification and management of inappropriate dosing and was associated with higher levels of clinical remission.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anuj Bohra, Abhinav Vasudevan, Numan Kutaiba, Daniel R. Van Langenberg
Summary: Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is a commonly used tool for assessing patients with small bowel Crohn's disease. This review examines the impact of image quality on the accuracy of small bowel CD activity assessment and discusses strategies to improve image quality in MRE.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ashish Srinivasan, Peter De Cruz, Melissa Sam, Catherine Toong, Daniel R. van Langenberg
Summary: This study compared two different strategies, repeat infliximab induction and shorter dose interval, for addressing secondary loss of response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The study found that both strategies had similar clinical response rates, but they resulted in distinct pharmacokinetic profiles.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Abhinav Vasudevan, Danny Con, Peter De Cruz, Miles P. Sparrow, Antony B. Friedman, Mayur Garg, Soleiman Kashkooli, Peter R. Gibson, Daniel R. van Langenberg
Summary: This study compared the use of thiopurine-allopurinol combination therapy with standard thiopurine therapy in IBD. The results showed that the thiopurine-allopurinol group had better outcomes in the primary efficacy assessment, fewer adverse events, and less frequent thiopurine dose adjustments.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anuj Bohra, Diana Lewis, Jonathan P. Segal, Abhinav Vasudevan, Daniel R. Van Langenberg, Olga Niewiadomski
Summary: This study examines the diagnostic utility of panenteric Crohn's capsule endoscopy in detecting active small-bowel Crohn's disease when imaging is normal but there is a high clinical suspicion. The results show that Crohn's CE is an effective diagnostic test that can improve quality of life and guide treatment.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anuj Bohra, Daniel R. Van Langenberg, Abhinav Vasudevan
Summary: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal ultrasound is a noninvasive and objective method for assessing disease activity, with advantages in diagnostic accuracy and disease monitoring, particularly during pregnancy and for fibrosis detection.
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Natalie Yu, Daniel Tassone, Tanya Lee, Steven Phan, Damien M. Wu, Jason Zhang, Luke Wang, Jason Tjahyadi, Krishneel Dutt, Hana Liou, Chamara Basnayake, Emily K. Wright, Mark Lust, Ola Niewiadomski, Michael A. Kamm, William Connell, Alexander Thompson, Ida Hilmi, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Shu Chen Wei, Peter De Cruz, Antony Friedman, Gregory T. Moore, Daniel R. Van Langenberg, Nik S. Ding
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ashish Srinivasan, Peter De Cruz, Melissa Sam, Catherine Toong, Daniel R. Van Langenberg