Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Barry L. Werth, Sybele-Anne Christopher
Summary: The prevalence of laxative use in community-dwelling adults varies widely, and there is a lack of involvement of healthcare professionals in the selection process. Satisfaction levels with laxatives are reported to be low, possibly due to inappropriate choices for the intended use.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tomasz Dzierzanowski, Philip Larkin
Summary: This study aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm for constipation in palliative care, which is feasible for unconscious patients. The algorithm includes observable symptoms such as difficulty of defecation, days since last bowel movement, and frequency of bowel movements, offering a simple and comprehensive tool for palliative care.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Iva Hojsak, Marc A. Benninga, Bruno Hauser, Aydan Kansu, Veronica B. Kelly, Alison M. Stephen, Ana Morais Lopez, Joanne Slavin, Kieran Tuohy
Summary: Fiber is an essential nutrient in the human diet that provides various benefits through the fermentation process by the gut microbiome. Lack of fiber is associated with multiple disorders in children. Current recommendations for daily fiber intake focus on quantity rather than quality.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2022)
Review
Nursing
Ting Liu, Ping Feng, Can Wang, Omorogieva Ojo, Yu-yu Wang, Xiao-hua Wang
Summary: This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary fibre on enteral feeding intolerance and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. The results showed that the dietary fibre group had a significantly decreased risk of diarrhea, regurgitation, vomiting, constipation, and mortality, as well as shorter time to reach full enteral nutrition, duration of intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay.
INTENSIVE AND CRITICAL CARE NURSING
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chiara Elli PharmD, Alessio Novella StatD, Alessandro Nobili, Aladar Ianes, Luca Pasina
Summary: This study investigated the use of laxative drugs in Italian nursing homes and found associations between conditions like Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hemiplegia with laxative prescription. The study also revealed that medications that can induce constipation, such as antidepressants, anti-Parkinson dopaminergic agents, and benzodiazepines, are often used in conjunction with laxatives, leading to an increase in laxative use.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valentina V. Huwiler, Melanie Scalise, Katja A. Schonenberger, Stefan Muhlebach, Zeno Stanga, Maria L. Balmer
Summary: This narrative review examines the role of dietary fibre in enteral nutrition for preventing and treating sepsis, with a focus on critically ill patients. It discusses the implications for clinical practice and identifies future research directions.
Review
Pediatrics
Ping Ni, XiuLi Wang, ZhuoMing Xu, Wenyi Luo
Summary: High-energy and/or high-protein feeding may be safe and effective in improving nutrition and reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and hospital stay in children after congenital heart surgery. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings in patient cohorts with different cardiac physiologies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Yu Honda, Seiji Itano, Aiko Kugimiya, Eiji Kubo, Yosuke Yamada, Miho Kimachi, Yugo Shibagaki, Tatsuyoshi Ikenoue
Summary: Constipation requiring use of laxatives was found to be associated with an increased risk of death in patients on HD.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sophie Brigstocke, Vanessa Yu, Judy Nee
Summary: In this article, an updated and comprehensive review of the safety profiles of laxatives used for chronic constipation is provided to assist clinicians in discussing the risks and benefits with pregnant or planning to become pregnant women.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Samantha K. Gill, Megan Rossi, Balazs Bajka, Kevin Whelan
Summary: Dietary fiber has been shown to benefit gastrointestinal health through consumption of unrefined whole foods. Studies have demonstrated that dietary fiber can regulate gut and microbial effects, with important implications for gastrointestinal disorders.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Barbara, Maria R. Barbaro, Giovanni Marasco, Cesare Cremon
Summary: Chronic constipation (CC) is a common gastrointestinal condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements and/or hard stools. It can affect people of all races, ages, and sexes, but is more common in women and the elderly. CC significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, and treatment options include lifestyle changes, fiber supplementation, laxatives, and other medications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management of CC.
MINERVA GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tingting Zhang, Andrew R. Zullo, Hannah O. James, Yoojin Lee, Douglas C. A. Taylor, Lori A. Daiello
Summary: This study evaluated the burden of chronic constipation and the use of drugs to treat constipation in nursing home residents. The results showed a high burden of chronic constipation and a high proportion of residents receiving drug treatment.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kasumi Satoh, Hajime Nakae
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of Daijokito on fecal management in critically ill patients, finding that 81% of patients showed defecation after Daijokito administration with a significant increase in stool volume. Most patients defecated within three days of treatment, with stool quality mainly being loose or liquid. Further research is needed to quantify the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Daijokito in critical care settings.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Seung Joo Kang, Young Sin Cho, Tae Hee Lee, Seong-Eun Kim, Han Seung Ryu, Jung-Wook Kim, Seon-Young Park, Yoo Jin Lee, Jeong Eun Shin
Summary: This study reviewed the latest literature on the effect and safety of laxatives in elderly patients with constipation, finding that bulk laxatives, osmotic laxatives, and stimulant laxatives with or without fiber were more effective than placebo in short-term treatment. The frequency and severity of adverse effects of laxatives were similar between study groups. Although the quality of included studies was not high, polyethylene glycol seems to be a safe and effective option for long-term use in elderly patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Felix Liebau, Emilie Kiraly, Daniel Olsson, Jan Wernerman, Olav Rooyackers
Summary: The study found that there is a large intra-and inter individual variation in amino acid uptake during continuous enteral feeding. However, a tentative steady state of C-13-phenylalanine uptake is eventually reached.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ozlem Yilmaz, Anne Daly, Alex Pinto, Catherine Ashmore, Sharon Evans, Girish Gupte, Saikat Santra, Mary Anne Preece, Patrick Mckiernan, Steve Kitchen, Nurcan Yabanci Ayhan, Anita MacDonald
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anne Daly, Sharon Evans, Alex Pinto, Catherine Ashmore, Anita MacDonald
Summary: Protein substitutes developed for PKU, based on synthetic L-amino acids, play a crucial role in the treatment and management of the condition. The continual improvement and development of these substitutes are thanks to the efforts of scientists and their experimental work, highlighting the pivotal role these substitutes play in maintaining normal physiological function.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anne Daly, Wolfgang Hoegler, Nicola Crabtree, Nick Shaw, Sharon Evans, Alex Pinto, Richard Jackson, Boyd J. Strauss, Gisela Wilcox, Julio C. Rocha, Catherine Ashmore, Anita MacDonald
Summary: Protein quality and quantity are crucial for determining muscle mass. In PKU, protein substitutes play a key role in providing nitrogen and amino acids. Results of a 3-year study comparing the impact of AA and CGMP-AA on body composition and growth did not show significant differences.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anne Daly, Sharon Evans, Alex Pinto, Catherine Ashmore, Anita MacDonald
Summary: A 2-part study evaluated the tolerance and long-term impact of a low Tyr/Phe CGMP-based protein substitute in children with HTI. The results showed that CGMP was well tolerated over 12 months, with no negative effects on metabolic control or growth. Further investigation is needed to assess the longer-term impact of CGMP on blood Phe concentrations and gut microflora.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anne Daly, Wolfgang Hoegler, Nicola Crabtree, Nick Shaw, Sharon Evans, Alex Pinto, Richard Jackson, Catherine Ashmore, Julio C. Rocha, Boyd J. Strauss, Gisela Wilcox, William D. Fraser, Jonathan C. Y. Tang, Anita MacDonald
Summary: In children with PKU, bone density is clinically normal but slightly below the population average, blood biochemistry markers are within normal ranges, and bone turnover markers show active bone turnover.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ozlem Yilmaz, Anne Daly, Alex Pinto, Catherine Ashmore, Sharon Evans, Girish Gupte, Richard Jackson, Nurcan Yabanci Ayhan, Anita MacDonald
Summary: In a retrospective review of 17 patients with hereditary tyrosinaemia type I (HTI), long-term growth patterns were assessed. Changes in height, weight, and BMI-z-scores were noticeable after the age of 8. Higher prescribed total protein intake was associated with improved height growth, and impaired growth in early life improved with age. Further studies are needed to investigate factors influencing growth outcomes in HTI patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Grace Poole, Alex Pinto, Sharon Evans, Suzanne Ford, Mike O'Driscoll, Sharon Buckley, Catherine Ashmore, Anne Daly, Anita MacDonald
Summary: For patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), eating out can be challenging due to strict dietary management and limited awareness about their special dietary requirements within the hospitality sector. This study aimed to investigate the experiences and behaviors of PKU patients and their caregivers when dining out, and to identify common problems in order to improve their dining experiences outside the home. The study found that many PKU patients experience dissatisfaction and discrimination when dining out, with limited options and lack of understanding from restaurant staff. It is important for restaurants to provide more low-protein options, offer protein analysis information, and receive training regarding low-protein diets.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Georgina Wood, Alex Pinto, Sharon Evans, Anne Daly, Sandra Adams, Susie Costelloe, Joanna Gribben, Charlotte Ellerton, Anita Emm, Sarah Firman, Suzanne Ford, Moira French, Lisa Gaff, Emily Giuliano, Melanie Hill, Inderdip Hunjan, Camille Newby, Allison Mackenzie, Rachel Pereira, Celine Prescott, Louise Robertson, Heidi Seabert, Rachel Skeath, Simon Tapley, Allyson Terry, Alison Tooke, Karen van Wyk, Fiona J. White, Lucy White, Alison Woodall, Julio Cesar Rocha, Anita MacDonald
Summary: The study examined the prescribing patterns and expenditure of SLPFs in England, finding that they are more expensive than regular and 'free-from' foods but less costly than theoretical calculations. Prescribed amounts were significantly below recommended limits, indicating under prescribing of SLPFs. Recommendations included implementing a simpler system and giving specialist metabolic dietitians the responsibility for prescribing SLPFs to ensure adequate access to essential dietary treatment for PKU patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anne Daly, Alex Pinto, Sharon Evans, Anita MacDonald
Summary: The use of CGMP as a protein substitute in PKU shows potential clinical benefits, although evidence supporting this is limited to non-PKU conditions or PKU animal models.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sharon Evans, Catherine Ashmore, Anne Daly, Perninder Dhadwar, Atif Syed, Olivia Lecocq, Richard Jackson, Alex Pinto, Anita MacDonald
Summary: A mobile app called "PKU Bite" was developed to assist patients with phenylketonuria in food selection, label interpretation, and protein calculation. A 12-week randomized controlled trial showed that using the app improved accuracy in dietary protein calculation. It is particularly useful for parents of younger children and is considered a valuable educational tool.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sharon Evans, Catherine Ashmore, Anne Daly, Richard Jackson, Alex Pinto, Anita MacDonald
Summary: This study developed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for children with phenylketonuria (PKU) to assess their habitual dietary intake. The FFQ showed good reproducibility and validity when compared to repeated dietary recalls. Comparisons between PKU and control groups using the FFQ revealed expected differences in nutrient intake.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alex Pinto, Anne Daly, Julio Cesar Rocha, Catherine Ashmore, Sharon Evans, Richard Jackson, Anne Payne, Mary Hickson, Anita MacDonald
Summary: This study examined the effect of fruits and vegetables with different phenylalanine contents on blood phenylalanine control in PKU patients. The results showed that vegetable protein had less impact on blood phenylalanine control compared to milk protein. However, not all patients tolerated the additional intake of these fruits and vegetables.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Ines Gama, Sarah Adam, Sandra Adams, Heather Allen, Catherine Ashmore, Sarah Bailey, Barbara Cochrane, Clare Dale, Anne Daly, Giana De Sousa, Sarah Donald, Carolyn Dunlop, Charlotte Ellerton, Sharon Evans, Sarah Firman, Suzanne Ford, Francine Freedman, Moira French, Lisa Gaff, Joanna Gribben, Anne Grimsley, Ide Herlihy, Melanie Hill, Farzana Khan, Nicola McStravick, Chloe Millington, Nicola Moran, Camille Newby, Patty Nguyen, Janet Purves, Alex Pinto, Julio Cesar Rocha, Rachel Skeath, Amy Skelton, Simon Tapley, Alison Woodall, Carla Young, Anita MacDonald
Summary: This study aims to provide guidelines for suitable food choices for phenylketonuria patients with higher natural protein tolerances. Through a survey and consensus, suitable food groups for different protein tolerances were identified. This study provides valuable guidance for healthcare professionals.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sophie Cassidy, Sharon Evans, Alex Pinto, Anne Daly, Catherine Ashmore, Suzanne Ford, Sharon Buckley, Anita MacDonald
Summary: This study investigated parents' perceptions of support and information regarding childhood phenylketonuria (PKU). Most parents were satisfied with the support from dietitians but required more support from other healthcare professionals. Facebook groups provided social support to parents and may have a role in future PKU care.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alex Pinto, Fatma Ilgaz, Sharon Evans, Esther van Dam, Julio Cesar Rocha, Erdem Karabulut, Mary Hickson, Anne Daly, Anita MacDonald
Summary: This systematic review investigated the changes in phenylalanine/natural protein tolerance in well-controlled patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). The results showed that phenylalanine/natural protein tolerance increases with age, especially at the beginning of puberty and reaches its highest level at the end of adolescence. However, there is limited data available for adult patients, and caution is needed in interpreting the findings.