Article
Cell Biology
Katia Sayaf, Ilaria Zanotto, Francesco Paolo Russo, Daniela Gabbia, Sara De Martin
Summary: PXR, a nuclear receptor involved in chronic liver diseases, plays a crucial role in liver damage progression, repair, and the neoplastic transition to hepatocellular carcinoma. By modulating the transcription of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, PXR is an important factor in chronic liver diseases. PXR and its modulation could be a promising pharmacological target for novel therapeutical approaches to these diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohsen Nikseresht, Nahid Azarmehr, Arash Arya, Behnam Alipoor, Reza Fadaei, Bahman Khalvati, Hassan Abidi, Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
Summary: The plasma levels and gene expression of RANKL and OPG cytokines were significantly decreased in NAFLD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating a potential association with the pathology of NAFLD. Further studies are needed to confirm this relationship and explore the mechanisms and roles of these cytokines in NAFLD.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Wan, Tianhao Zhou, Elise Slevin, Sachiko Koyama, Xuedong Li, Kelly Harrison, Tian Li, Bingru Zhou, Sugeily Ramos Lorenzo, Yudian Zhang, Wenjuan Xu, James E. Klaunig, Chaodong Wu, Ashok K. Shetty, Chiung-Kuei Huang, Fanyin Meng
Summary: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by cholestasis, inflammation, and fibrotic scar formation. This study investigated the role of liver-specific microRNA-34a in ductular reaction and liver fibrosis. They found that miR-34a expression was increased in PSC livers, and its knockout in a cholestatic liver disease model reduced ductular pathology and fibrotic responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nimish Godbole, Iiris Nyholm, Maria Hukkinen, Joseph R. Davidson, Athanasios Tyraskis, Jouko Lohi, Paivi Heikkila, Katja Eloranta, Marjut Pihlajoki, Mark Davenport, Markku Heikinheimo, Antti Kyronlahti, Mikko P. Pakarinen
Summary: This study investigates the utility of secretin receptor (SCTR) as a potential biomarker for predicting native liver survival and clearance of jaundice after portoenterostomy (PE) surgery in patients with biliary atresia (BA). The results show that higher expression of SCTR is associated with lower 5-year native liver survival and clearance of jaundice after PE. SCTR expression also correlates with liver fibrosis, ductular reaction, and markers of fibrosis and cholangiocytes. Therefore, SCTR may serve as a promising prognostic marker for PE outcomes and liver injury in BA.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Huan Lan, Ying Zhang, Minqi Fan, Bingxin Wu, Caiyan Wang
Summary: This review summarizes the role and progress of PXR in the treatment of CLI, which improves CLI by ameliorating cholestasis, inhibiting inflammation, and reducing fibrosis.
DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Huan Lan, Ying Zhang, Minqi Fan, Bingxin Wu, Caiyan Wang
Summary: Cholestatic liver injury (CLI) is a disease caused by the accumulation of toxic bile acids (BAs) in the liver, resulting in inflammation and liver fibrosis. The regulation of BA synthesis and homeostasis, particularly through the activation of the Pregnane X receptor (PXR), has shown promise in treating CLI. PXR plays a crucial role in the metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics, ultimately modulating BA homeostasis and exerting anti-cholestatic effects. Recent studies have also demonstrated the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties of PXR, providing new insights into CLI treatment.
DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex Zaufel, Sandra M. W. van de Wiel, Lu Yin, Gunter Fauler, Daphne Chien, Xinzhong Dong, John F. Gilmer, Jennifer K. Truong, Paul A. Dawson, Stan F. J. van de Graaf, Peter Fickert, Tarek Moustafa
Summary: Secondary (iso) BAs cooperatively activate FXR in the presence of endogenous BAs, which is important to consider in diseases linked to disturbances in BA enterohepatic cycling; the study shows that UDCA is only effective in the presence of endogenous FXR ligands.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
P. V. P. Nascimento, F. Almeida-Oliveira, A. Macedo-Silva, P. Ausina, C. Motinha, M. Sola-Penna, D. Majerowicz
Summary: 20-hydroxyecdysone plays a crucial role in regulating moulting and metamorphosis in insects, as well as in influencing the physiological regulation and lipid metabolism of adult insects. The genome of Rhodnius prolixus reveals a potential duplication of the HNF4 gene. Treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone increases the storage of triacylglycerol in the fat bodies of adult female insects.
INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jie Wang, Zihang Yuan, Haoran Zhang, Qipeng Wu, Yingying Miao, Yunxia Xu, Qinwei Yu, Xiaofei Huang, Ziling Zhang, Xinliang Huang, Qianhui Tang, Luyong Zhang, Zhenzhou Jiang
Summary: The study revealed that OCA induced overexpression of OPN in the liver of BDL mice, exacerbating ductular reaction, fibrosis, and liver inflammation, while reducing hepatocyte proliferation. This mechanism helps explain the risk of liver damage associated with OCA.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pragyan Acharya, Komal Chouhan, Sabine Weiskirchen, Ralf Weiskirchen
Summary: The liver, a central organ in the human body, is crucial for various metabolic functions and is susceptible to external agents that can lead to diseases like liver fibrosis. Understanding the cellular pathways of fibrosis is key in identifying potential therapeutic targets for liver-related diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chang Hun Lee, Yunjung Choi, Hyewon Cho, In Hyuk Bang, Lihua Hao, Seung-Ok Lee, Raok Jeon, Eun Ju Bae, Byung-Hyun Park
Summary: The synthesized HDAC8 inhibitor SPA3014 demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in mice, suggesting its potential as a new therapeutic strategy for cholestatic liver disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tallulah S. Andrews, Jawairia Atif, Jeff C. Liu, Catia T. Perciani, Xue-Zhong Ma, Cornelia Thoeni, Michal Slyper, Gokcen Eraslan, Asa Segerstolpe, Justin Manuel, Sai Chung, Erin Winter, Iulia Cirlan, Nicholas Khuu, Sandra Fischer, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Aviv Regev, Ian D. McGilvray, Gary D. Bader, Sonya A. MacParland
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive comparison of the transcriptomes captured by scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq, delivering a high-resolution map of the parenchymal cell populations in the healthy human liver. The use of both technologies revealed unique cell types and spatial distributions within the liver, highlighting the importance of applying multiple techniques for a complete understanding of tissue-resident cell populations.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Stergios A. Polyzos, Antonis Goulas
Summary: NAFLD is a highly prevalent liver disease without any approved treatment. This study explores the potential association between hepatic RANKL upregulation and the pathogenesis of NAFLD, suggesting denosumab as a potential candidate for NASH in drug-repurposing studies.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lauren G. Poole, Anna-Katherine Fournier, Holly M. Cline-Fedewa, Anna K. Kopec, James P. Luyendyk, Dafna J. Groeneveld
Summary: VWF plays different roles in experimental acute and chronic ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Won Sohn, Heon-Ju Kwon, Yoosoo Chang, Seungho Ryu, Yong Kyun Cho
Summary: This study found that risk factors for liver fibrosis in MAFLD patients include serum ferritin level, Fibrosis-4 index, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, etc., and the proportion of liver fibrosis varies among different subgroups.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mathias Jachs, Lukas Hartl, Benedikt Simbrunner, David Bauer, Rafael Paternostro, Lorenz Balcar, Benedikt Hofer, Nikolaus Pfisterer, Michael Schwarz, Bernhard Scheiner, Albert F. Staettermayer, Matthias Pinter, Michael Trauner, Mattias Mandorfer, Thomas Reiberger
Summary: In this study, it was found that carvedilol is more effective than propranolol in the secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, as it induces more significant reductions in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and is associated with lower rates of rebleeding, liver-related death, and further nonbleeding decompensation.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael Trauner, Christopher L. Bowlus, Aliya Gulamhusein, Bilal Hameed, Stephen H. Caldwell, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Charles Landis, Andrew J. Muir, Andrew Billin, Jun Xu, Xiangyu Liu, Xiaomin Lu, Chuhan Chung, Robert P. Myers, Kris V. Kowdley
Summary: In this 96-week open-label extension study, Cilofexor was found to be safe and effective in improving liver function and biomarkers of cholestasis and cellular injury in patients with PSC.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jun Xu, Ya Wang, Mina Khoshdeli, Matt Peach, Jen-Chieh Chuang, Julie Lin, Wen-Wei Tsai, Sangeetha Mahadevan, Wesley Minto, Lauri Diehl, Ruchi Gupta, Michael Trauner, Keyur Patel, Mazen Noureddin, Kris Kowdley, Aliya Gulamhusein, Christopher L. Bowlus, Ryan S. Huss, Robert P. Myers, Chuhan Chung, Andrew N. Billin
Summary: This study evaluated IL-31 as a potential biomarker for pruritus in clinical trials of cilofexor, an FXR agonist, in patients with cholestatic liver diseases. IL-31 levels were found to be elevated in patients with PSC and PBC and correlated with serum bile acids. The study also showed that cilofexor therapy increased IL-31 levels in patients with NASH.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katharina Staufer, Brian Mangal, Michael Trauner
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jasmin Zessner-Spitzenberg, Elisabeth Waldmann, Lena Jiricka, Lisa-Maria Rockenbauer, Anna Hinterberger, Jeremy Cook, Arno Asaturi, Aleksandra Szymanska, Barbara Majcher, Michael Trauner, Monika Ferlitsch
Summary: This study investigated the association of proximal serrated polyp detection rate (PSDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) with post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) death. The results showed that both ADR and PSDR were significantly associated with PCCRC death. Therefore, striving for a high PSDR in addition to a high ADR may reduce the risk of PCCRC mortality in patients undergoing screening colonoscopy.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jasmin Zessner-Spitzenberg, Lena Jiricka, Elisabeth Waldmann, Lisa -Maria Rockenbauer, Jeremy Cook, Anna Hinterberger, Barbara Majcher, Aleksandra Szymanska, Arno Asaturi, Michael Trauner, Monika Ferlitsch
Summary: A retrospective study with 316,001 individuals revealed that polyps sized 10-20mm and high-grade dysplasia are significantly associated with post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) mortality. Patients with polyps <10mm and without high-grade dysplasia have significantly lower PCCRC mortality compared to the general population, while those with polyps >10mm or with high-grade dysplasia do not have this advantage.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
David Chromy, David Bauer, Benedikt Simbrunner, Mathias Jachs, Lukas Hartl, Philipp Schwabl, Teresa Binter, Lisa Steininger, Caroline Schwarz, Armin Rieger, Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Michael Trauner, Peter Ferenci, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Mattias Mandorfer, Thomas Reiberger
Summary: HCV cure rates in Viennese HIV patients increased significantly from 49% in the IFN era to 88-95% in the DAA era. However, MSM-related risk behavior and reinfections have become the key challenges towards HCV elimination in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
K. Pomej, L. Balcar, K. Shmanko, S. Welland, V. Himmelsbach, B. Scheiner, A. Mahyera, B. Mozayani, M. Trauner, F. Finkelmeier, A. Weinmann, A. Vogel, M. Pinter
Summary: There is no consensus on the optimal systemic treatment regimen for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) patients. This European multicenter study analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of cHCC-CCA patients, focusing on those receiving palliative systemic therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The study found no significant difference in overall survival, progression-free survival, overall response rate, and disease control rate between patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy (CHT) and non-cytotoxic chemotherapy (nCHT).
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gideon M. Hirschfield, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Aliya Gulamhusein, Kris Kowdley, John M. Vierling, Cynthia Levy, Andreas E. Kremer, Ehud Zigmond, Pietro Andreone, Stuart C. Gordon, Christopher L. Bowlus, Eric J. Lawitz, Richard J. Aspinall, Daniel S. Pratt, Karina Raikhelson, Maria S. Gonzalez-Huezo, Michael A. Heneghan, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Alma L. Ladron de Guevara, Marlyn J. Mayo, George N. Dalekos, Joost P. H. Drenth, Ewa Janczewska, Barbara A. Leggett, Frederik Nevens, Victor Vargas, Eli Zuckerman, Christophe Corpechot, Eduardo Fassio, Holger Hinrichsen, Pietro Invernizzi, Palak J. Trivedi, Lisa Forman, David E. J. Jones, Stephen D. Ryder, Mark G. Swain, Alexandra Steinberg, Pol F. Boudes, Yun-Jung Choi, Charles A. McWherter
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of seladelpar in patients with primary biliary cholangitis who had inadequate response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid. The results showed that seladelpar significantly improved liver biochemistry and pruritus in these patients, and it was well tolerated.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Grazia Pennisi, Marco Enea, Vincenzo Falco, Guruprasad P. Aithal, Naaventhan Palaniyappan, Yusuf Yilmaz, Jerome Boursier, Christophe Cassinotto, Victor de Ledinghen, Wah Kheong Chan, Sanjiv Mahadeva, Peter Eddowes, Philip Newsome, Thomas Karlas, Johannes Wiegand, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Joern M. Schattenberg, Christian Labenz, Won Kim, Myoung Seok Lee, Monica Lupsor-Platon, Jeremy F. L. Cobbold, Jian-Gao Fan, Feng Shen, Katharina Staufer, Michael Trauner, Rudolf Stauber, Atsushi Nakajima, Masato Yoneda, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Ramy Younes, Silvia Gaia, Ming-Hua Zheng, Calogero Camma, Quentin M. Anstee, Ferenc E. Mozes, Michael Pavlides, Salvatore Petta
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of simple, noninvasive tests (NITs) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The results showed that liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and AGILE 3+ were better at determining advanced fibrosis compared to serum tests. The evaluation of diagnostic methods for NAFLD with T2D is clinically significant.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mary E. Rinella, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Vlad Ratziu, Sven M. Francque, Arun J. Sanyal, Fasiha Kanwal, Diana Romero, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Quentin M. Anstee, Juan Pablo Arab, Marco Arrese, Ramon Bataller, Ulrich Beuers, Jerome Boursier, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Christopher D. Byrne, Graciela E. Castro Narro, Abhijit Chowdhury, Helena Cortez-Pinto, Donna R. Cryer, Kenneth Cusi, Mohamed El-Kassas, Samuel Klein, Wayne Eskridge, Jiangao Fan, Samer Gawrieh, Cynthia D. Guy, Stephen A. Harrison, Seung Up Kim, Bart G. Koot, Marko Korenjak, Kris V. Kowdley, Florence Lacaille, Rohit Loomba, Robert Mitchell-Thain, Timothy R. Morgan, Elisabeth E. Powell, Michael Roden, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Marcelo Silva, Shivaram Prasad Singh, Silvia C. Sookoian, C. Wendy Spearman, Dina Tiniakos, Luca Valenti, Miriam B. Vos, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Stavra Xanthakos, Yusuf Yilmaz, Zobair Younossi, Ansley Hobbs, Marcela Villota-Rivas, Philip N. Newsome
Summary: This study aimed to determine if there was a need to change the nomenclature and definition of NAFLD and NASH. Through a Delphi process involving content experts and patient advocates, a consensus was reached to replace NAFLD with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MetALD) and modify the diagnostic criteria. The new nomenclature and criteria are widely supported, nonstigmatizing, and can improve awareness and patient identification.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marta Tonon, Lorenz Balcar, Georg Semmler, Valeria Calvino, Bernhard Scheiner, Simone Incicco, Anna Barone, Rafael Paternostro, Carmine G. Gambino, David Josef M. Bauer, Antonio Accetta, Lukas Hartl, Alessandra Brocca, Mathias Jachs, Michael Trauner, Mattias Mandorfer, Paolo Angeli, Thomas Reiberger, Salvatore Piano
Summary: In cirrhotic patients who develop ascites as the first decompensation event, curing the etiology of liver disease is a crucial treatment goal as it significantly reduces the risks of further decompensation and mortality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lorenz Balcar, David Bauer, Katharina Pomej, Tobias Meischl, Mattias Mandorfer, Thomas Reiberger, Michael Trauner, Bernhard Scheiner, Matthias Pinter
Summary: Immunotherapy is the new standard of care for hepatocellular carcinoma, but there is a need for biomarkers that predict treatment response and survival. This study suggests that the relative change in IgG after ICI treatment can serve as a negative prognostic marker in patients with HCC.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jagoda Pokryszka, Martina Wichlas, Harald Vogelsang, Michael Trauner, Merima Herac-Kornauth, Lili Kazemi-Shirazi
Summary: We report a case of a 39-year-old patient with celiac-disease-like symptoms and MARSH 3a histology, but negative HLA genotyping and celiac-specific serology under a normal diet. Follow-up biopsies showed histologic progression of the disease to MARSH 3b, leading to the re-evaluation of the initial histological samples. After excluding other causes of duodenal villous atrophy, a correlation between the first biopsy (MARSH 3a) and Truvada intake was established.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bernhard Scheiner, Katharina Lampichler, Katharina Pomej, Lucian Beer, Lorenz Balcar, Riccardo Sartoris, Mohamed Bouattour, Sabrina Sidali, Michael Trauner, Mattias Mandorfer, Thomas Reiberger, Martina Scharitzer, Dietmar Tamandl, David J. Pinato, Maxime Ronot, Matthias Pinter
Summary: This study evaluated the prognostic and predictive value of baseline transversal psoas muscle thickness (TPMT) measurement in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing immunotherapy. The results showed that patients with sarcopenia had a poorer prognosis and a lower response to immunotherapy.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
