Journal
JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
Volume 40, Issue -, Pages 28-34Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.006
Keywords
Phosphorus; Hypoxia; Riparian wetland; Saginaw Bay Watershed
Funding
- Great Lakes Innovative Stewardship Through Education Network (GLISTEN) program of the National Center for Science and Civic Engagement
- Kawkawlin River Watershed Property Owners Association and S.C. Johnson Company
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The North Branch of the Kawkawlin River, a Saginaw Bay tributary, is frequently in a state of non-attainment of the Michigan standard for dissolved oxygen (5 mg/L), as documented in a Total Maximum Daily Load issued by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality in 2007. Analysis of a reach of the North Branch of the Kawkawlin River during the summers of 2011 and 2012 revealed conditions that can adversely affect fish habitat and water quality. Dissolved oxygen levels were found to be below 2 mg/L during summer months, which is too low to sustain warm water fish species. Furthermore, benthic invertebrates were nearly nonexistent in the hypoxic reach of the river. On average, water samples from the river channel near a riparian wetland in the hypoxic reach exhibited unusually low pH (similar to 7), low D.O. (<1 mg/L), elevated phosphorus, and reduced turbidity compared to upstream samples. The hypoxia and low pH in the riparian wetland were consistent with conditions able to reduce sedimentary iron thereby mobilizing bound reactive phosphorus (phosphate-P). (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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