Review
Optics
Benjamin J. Puttnam, Georg Rademacher, Ruben S. Luis
Summary: Research on space-division multiplexing (SDM) has shown significant progress in increasing the information-carrying capacity of optical fibers and improving efficiency through resource sharing. Key aspects of the research include the classification of novel SDM fibers, advancements in digital signal processing, amplifier technology, and milestones in transmission and networking demonstrations. Comparisons between fiber types, current trends, and speculations on future developments beyond optical data transmission are also discussed.
Article
Optics
Mingqing Zuo, Dawei Ge, JiaXin Liu, Yuyang Gao, Lei Shen, Xiaobo Lan, Zhangyuan Chen, Yongqi He, Juhao Li
Summary: This paper proposes an intermodal-MIMO-free MDM transmission scheme based on weakly coupled multiple-ring-core FMF, which achieves long-haul FMF transmission by reducing intermodal crosstalk. The feasibility of the scheme is verified through simulations and experiments, providing possibilities for practical applications of long-haul MDM techniques.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tetsuya Hayashi, Taiji Sakamoto, Yusuke Yamada, Roland Ryf, Rene-Jean Essiambre, Nicolas Fontaine, Mikael Mazur, Haoshuo Chen, Takemi Hasegawa
Summary: Randomly-coupled multi-core fiber (MCF) technology has gained attention for its applicability in long-haul transmission systems. Compared to weakly-coupled MCFs, randomly-coupled MCFs can achieve higher spatial channel density and lower transmission loss using existing single-mode fiber core designs. This article provides an overview of the advancements in randomly-coupled MCF technology, including its classification, design, optical property characterization methods, and performance improvements in transmissions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daiki Soma, Shohei Beppu, Yuta Wakayama, Seiya Sumita, Hidenori Takahashi, Noboru Yoshikane, Itsuro Morita, Takehiro Tsuritani, Masatoshi Suzuki
Summary: The transmission capacity of optical submarine cable systems needs to be continuously increased, with research suggesting that single-band transmission systems with more fiber pairs could be a promising technology. Utilizing space-division multiplexing technologies such as multi-core fibers may offer solutions for further increasing transmission capacity.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Joao Ribeiro, Guilherme Bueno, Manuel Rodriguez Martin, Joao Rocha
Summary: This paper examines and describes the mechanical properties of hemp fibers produced by various extraction techniques cultivated in different nitrogen fertilization and planting density conditions in Braganca and Mirandela districts, Portugal. The objective is to evaluate the influence of sowing density, nitrogen fertilization, sample location, and extraction method on hemp fibers' mechanical properties. Modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and density were determined, with mean values of 92.44 ± 7.44 GPa, 564.98 ± 167.03 MPa, and 1.64 ± 0.24 g cm(-3) respectively. Statistical analysis using ANOVA showed that retting method had the greatest influence, while nitrogen fertilization and sowing density had significant effects on tensile strength and specific tensile strength respectively.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Carsten Kirkeby, Michael P. Ward
Summary: Avian influenza is becoming a growing problem in Europe and worldwide. Simulation models are useful tools for predicting the risk of avian influenza spread and evaluating control measures. Estimates of transmission parameters vary widely based on virus type, pathogenicity, species, study type, and poultry flock unit.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Tamara van Roo, Stefan Kolling, Felix B. Dillenberger, Joachim Amberg
Summary: This study introduces the injection molding process for manufacturing thermoplastic polymers and investigates how fiber orientation influences the mechanical properties of materials. It shows that the extraction of specimens through milling can lead to differences in roughness and mechanical properties based on the fiber orientation, with perpendicular milling resulting in lower roughness values. The research also highlights the uncertainties in normalized rupture strain when extracting specimens orthogonally compared to those in the fiber direction.
JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yusuke Sasaki, Ryohei Fukumoto, Katsuhiro Takenaga, Shogo Shimizu, Kazuhiko Aikawa
Summary: Combining small-diameter optical-fiber technology with multicore fiber is a promising method to increase the transmission capacity of optical networks. In this study, a four-core fiber with a 200-mu m coating diameter was successfully fabricated and demonstrated excellent performance. It is suitable for applications in high-fiber-count cables.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Luqing Hua, Xin Wang, Lining Ding, Siheng Zeng, Jianxun Liu, Zhishen Wu
Summary: This study develops sustainable and recyclable basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced flexible plastic low-temperature polyamide (L-PA) filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM)-3D printing and optimizes fabrication parameters to achieve eco-friendliness, high mechanical performance, and lightweight FDM-fabricated composite parts. The effects of printing temperature, printing speed, and layer height on the mechanical properties are investigated through experiments. The addition of BF to L-PA significantly improves the mechanical properties, with the highest impact being the printing temperature.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Khatib Zada Farhan, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Ramazan Demirboga
Summary: Conventional Portland cement and geopolymer composites are weak under tensile stresses, but fiber reinforcement can significantly enhance their mechanical properties and durability. Fiber reinforced geopolymer composites show great potential as substitutes for Portland cement-based materials, requiring further research and optimization.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Optics
Shiming Wang, Xiuquan Li, Yiliang Jia, Guijun Hu
Summary: This paper demonstrates a two-dimensional phased array antenna beamforming system based on mode diversity for the first time. The system utilizes fiber gratings and optical switches to control the propagation paths of optical signals, achieving true time delay control and two-dimensional scanning of the beam. Experimental verification shows that the system performs well.
Article
Optics
Shiming Wang, Xiuquan Li, Yiliang Jia, Guijun Hu
Summary: This paper demonstrates a two-dimensional phased array antenna beamforming system based on mode diversity for the first time. The system uses few-mode long-period fiber gratings to excite different modes, and controls the propagation paths and time delay of optical signals to achieve beam scanning. Experimental verification and performance testing are conducted to prove the feasibility of the system, and the results are compared with simulation results to validate the accuracy.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Vishal V. Khanpit, Sonali P. Tajane, Sachin A. Mandavgane
Summary: Extrusion is an efficient food processing method that can improve the nutritional qualities and soluble dietary fiber content of plant resources. This review summarizes the current research on dietary fiber extrusion process, machines, and product quality, and thoroughly investigates the influence of extrusion on dietary fiber.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vladimir Stanovov, Stanko Grabljevec, Shakhnaz Akhmedova, Eugene Semenkin, Radovan Stojanovic, Crtomir Rozman, Andrej Skraba
Summary: The study found that the modified models based on the Bass diffusion model outperformed the traditional SI, SIR, SEIR, and SEIUR models in fitting to actual COVID-19 data. This indicates the limitations of classical models and suggests ways to improve them.
Article
Mathematics
Xiao Tang, Wenmeng Zhang
Summary: In this paper, we extend the study of the linearization of nonuniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with parameter dependence. We overcome the difficulties by introducing new results and methods, improving the dependency and considering the invertibility of the conjugacy.
JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Paolo Serena, Chiara Lasagni, Alberto Bononi, Cristian Antonelli, Antonio Mecozzi
Summary: This paper extends the Gaussian noise (GN) model to space-division multiplexed (SDM) systems and investigates the effect of spatial mode dispersion (SMD) on nonlinear interference (NLI) noise. The study shows that SMD can significantly reduce the NLI power, and a reliable estimation can be done using the extended GN model in a short time. A closed-form expression for the averaged NLI power is derived and it is proven to have negligible random fluctuations. The derived expression is highly accurate within the practical range of SMD values. Scaling properties of the NLI variance with respect to system parameters are also discussed to gain insights.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Ilaria Cristiani, Cosimo Lacava, Georg Rademacher, Benjamin J. Puttnam, Ruben S. Luis, Cristian Antonelli, Antonio Mecozzi, Mark Shtaif, Daniele Cozzolino, Davide Bacco, Leif K. Oxenlowe, Jian Wang, Yongmin Jung, David J. Richardson, Siddharth Ramachandran, Massimiliano Guasoni, Katarzyna Krupa, Denis Kharenko, Alessandro Tonello, Stefan Wabnitz, David B. Phillips, Daniele Faccio, Tijmen G. Euser, Shangran Xie, Philip St J. Russell, Daoxin Dai, Yu Yu, Periklis Petropoulos, Frederic Gardes, Francesca Parmigiani
Summary: Multimode devices and components have garnered significant attention in recent years, opening up new possibilities for designing more complex and sophisticated optical components. By utilizing different modes of propagation, these devices can increase fiber optic capacity, introduce novel intermodal interactions, and allow for complex manipulation of optical modes to cater to various applications.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniele Orsuti, Cristian Antonelli, Alessandro Chiuso, Marco Santagiustina, Antonio Mecozzi, Andrea Galtarossa, Luca Palmieri
Summary: We propose a deep learning-based phase retrieval method for accurately reconstructing the optical field of a single-sideband minimum-phase signal. This method utilizes a fully convolutional Neural Network (NN) model to achieve non-iterative and robust phase retrieval. Compared to the Kramers-Kronig (KK) receiver, our method avoids distortions and digital upsampling, achieving better performance and lower complexity.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Eyal Wohlgemuth, Yaron Yoffe, Ido Attia, Muhammad Imran, Prajwal Doddaballapura Lakshmijayasimha, Andrea Marotta, Pantea Nadimi Goki, Hamutal Shalom, Francesco Fresi, Cristian Antonelli, Antonio Mecozzi, Prince Anandarajah, Luca Poti, Dan Sadot
Summary: This paper introduces the concept of multi-homodyne coherent detection for stealth and secured optical communications, and demonstrates a high-speed transmission achieved in a deployed multi-core fiber network. The effects of chromatic dispersion on transmission quality are analyzed, and the use of multi-core fibers to mitigate this effect is proposed.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mark Shtaif, Cristian Antonelli, Antonio Mecozzi, Xi Chen
Summary: This article reviews the challenges faced by optical fiber transmission, discusses the impact of the nonlinear nature of fiber-optic transmission on capacity assessment and fundamental concepts, and introduces some solutions and new transmission schemes. State-of-the-art transmission experiments are also reviewed and compared.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Antonio Mecozzi, Cristian Antonelli, Mikael Mazur, Nicolas Fontaine, Haoshuo Chen, Lauren Dallachiesa, Roland Ryf
Summary: We explore the utilization of the fiber channel transfer matrix obtained from a digital coherent receiver for environmental sensing. Our findings reveal that the polarization rotation vector, which characterizes the unitary part of the matrix, displays high sensitivity to perturbations impacting the optical fiber link. This vector can be easily extracted from the time-dependent transfer matrix reconstructed during the operation of the coherent receiver, serving as a valuable observable for environmental monitoring.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Chiara Lasagni, Paolo Serena, Alberto Bononi, Antonio Mecozzi, Cristian Antonelli
Summary: We investigate the impact of modulation format on the interaction between mode dispersion and fiber nonlinear interference in space-division multiplexed systems. The results show that the interplay between mode dispersion and modulation format significantly affects the magnitude of cross-phase modulation. We propose a simple formula that takes into account the modulation-format dependence of cross-phase modulation variance under arbitrary levels of mode dispersion, thus extending the ergodic Gaussian noise model.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Francesco Lorenzi, Gianluca Marcon, Andrea Galtarossa, Luca Palmieri, Antonio Mecozzi, Cristian Antonelli, Marco Santagiustina
Summary: This study proposes an extended time-domain nonlinear interference noise (NLIN) model for analyzing Raman-amplified polarization multiplexed WDM links. The model enables the evaluation of nonlinear interference and inter-channel power transfer induced by stimulated Raman scattering, while accounting for the evolution of average signal power.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
N. Sambo, A. Nespola, A. Sgambelluri, A. Marotta, L. Dallachiesa, R. Ryf, P. Castoldi, A. Mecozzi, T. Hayashi, A. Carena, C. Antonelli
Summary: This article introduces the use of space division multiplexing (SDM) to support traffic growth. SDM networks enable multiplexing over space and spectrum dimensions. The NETCONF protocol and the YANG data modeling language have been identified as the control plane solutions for network configuration and management. A field trial is presented based on a deployed coupled-core four-core fiber, where a software-defined network (SDN) controller configures probabilistic constellation shaping through NETCONF to optimize spectral efficiency. The trial demonstrates different rates and optical reach values, and characterizes the impact of soft failures on transmission performance.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ruben S. Luis, Georg Rademacher, Benjamin J. Puttnam, Giammarco Di Sciullo, Andrea Marotta, Robert Emmerich, Nicolas Braig-Christophersen, Ralf Stolte, Fabio Graziosi, Antonio Mecozzi, Colja Schubert, Giuseppe Ferri, Frank Achten, Pierre Sillard, Roland Ryf, Lauren Dallachiesa, Satoshi Shinada, Cristian Antonelli, Hideaki Furukawa
Summary: This paper extends a recent demonstration of a 2-line side 15-mode spatial division multiplexing network node. The node uses fifteen 2 x 2 wavelength cross-connects (WXCs) to direct up to six 5 Tb/s, 15-mode, spatial super channels (SSCs). The network node is demonstrated using a 6.1 km, 15-mode, multi-mode fiber (MMF) and further extended to support up to 20 SSCs for a throughput per line side of 100 Tb/s. MIMO requirements for this type of systems are strongly dependent on the differential delays of the different modes propagating within the network node.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
M. Zahidy, D. Ribezzo, C. De Lazzari, I Vagniluca, N. Biagi, T. Occhipinti, L. K. Oxenlowe, M. Galili, T. Hayashi, C. Antonelli, A. Mecozzi, A. Zavatta, D. Bacco
Summary: We demonstrate a 4-dimensional path-encoded quantum key distribution (QKD) system over a 52-km multi-core field-installed fibre. The 4D-QKD system achieves a secret key rate of 68.5 kbit/s, which is 118% higher than the equivalent 2D-QKD system over the same link, thanks to the higher dimensionality and greater noise resilience.
2022 EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (ECOC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Antonio Mecozzi, Mattia Cantono, Jorge C. Castellanos, Valey Kamalov, Zhongwen Zhan
Summary: Information on geophysical events occurring on the ocean floor and surface can be extracted from the state of polarization of the received signal transmitted in an undersea cable, without disturbing the ongoing data communication.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Davide Bacco, Mujtaba Zahidy, Nicola Biagi, Daniele Cozzolino, Yaoxin Liu, Yunhong Ding, Toshio Morioka, Cristian Antonelli, Antonio Mecozzi, Alessandro Zavatta, Leif K. Oxenlowe
Summary: This article reports recent research results on the generation, transmission, and detection of space encoded quantum states multicore, which are a key enabler for multiple applications in quantum communications.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mattia Cantono, Jorge C. Castellanos, Shirshendu Batthacharya, Shuang Yin, Zhongwen Zhan, Antonio Mecozzi, Valey Kamalov
Summary: The scientific community is exploring additional uses for optical fiber networks, such as seismic sensing. This article reviews recent developments in seismic sensing and discusses the challenges in implementing telemetry pipelines for novel scientific research and broader societal benefits.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jorge C. Castellanos, Zhongwen Zhan, Valey Kamalov, Mattia Cantono, Shuang Yin, Antonio Mecozzi, Shirshendu Bhattacharya, Richard M. Allen
Summary: Optical polarization-based sensing is used to detect earthquakes by analyzing shear waves in submarine cables. Synchronized detection on multiple cables can localize major earthquakes.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)
