Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Samuel Bartusek, Yutian Wu, Mingfang Ting, Cheng Zheng, Arlene Fiore, Michael Sprenger, Johannes Flemming
Summary: Understanding the transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere is crucial, and a systematic analysis of the relationship between tropopause folding and tropospheric ozone is limited. Comparing high-resolution reanalysis ERA5 and low-resolution chemical reanalysis CAMSRA, it is found that high-resolution folding is more frequent and better correlated with tropospheric ozone. It suggests that tropopause folding is more responsible for stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone transport.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Clara M. Nussbaumer, Andrea Pozzer, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Roeder, Florian Obersteiner, Hartwig Harder, Jos Lelieveld, Horst Fischer
Summary: The European lockdowns during COVID-19 have caused a significant reduction in primary pollutants and had an impact on air quality and secondary pollutants such as tropospheric ozone. The study shows that reduced air traffic during the lockdown led to a decrease in NO and NO2 mixing ratios, resulting in a deceleration in ozone cycling.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Jeffrey R. Nielson, Stephen M. Henderson
Summary: Lateral intrusions from lake and ocean boundaries have significant impacts on the distribution of heat, chemical solutes, sediments, and organisms. This study found that periodic jets resulting from boundary layer separation transport large amounts of water from the boundary layer to the lake interior, potentially affecting the distribution of sediments, solutes, and organisms.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Song Liu, Pieter Valks, Steffen Beirle, Diego G. Loyola
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the air pollutant NO2 using satellite data, revealing that lockdown measures around the world led to improvements in air quality, with NO2 concentrations gradually rebounding as restrictions were lifted.
AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xingyu Li, Yixuan Lyu, Yuepeng Pan, Qian Sun, Xiaying Zhu, Jiabao Hu, Jin Liu, Jing Cao, Mengna Gu, Mengshen Zhang, Ronald E. Stewart
Summary: Freezing rain is a precipitation phenomenon that occurs when snow melts into supercooled water drops before reaching the sub-freezing surface. This study collected winter precipitation samples from Mt. Heng in southern China for 7 years and found that freezing rain had acidic properties with major ions including NH4+, Ca2+, SO42-, and NO3-. The concentrations of these ions in freezing rain can lower the freezing point of supercooled drops and increase the likelihood of freezing, but the presence of ice nuclei can counteract this effect. More model simulations and laboratory experiments are needed to further understand the relationship between air pollution and freezing rain.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eva E. Borbas, Paul W. Menzel
Summary: This study compares tropospheric moisture data records derived from HIRS and MODIS measurements, finding that their seasonal cycles are in synchronization with zonal mean values within one degree longitude.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nadezhda Krivolutskaya, Sheida Makvandi, Bronislav Gongalsky, Irina Kubrakova, Natalia Svirskaya
Summary: The composition of parental magmas is crucial for understanding the genesis of Cu-Ni deposits. By studying silicate rock intrusions in the Norilsk region, similarities and differences in major components and trace element contents were found, providing insights into the formation of ore deposits. Different sizes of deposits were formed due to the inhomogeneity of sulfur distribution in the magma source, which served as a transporting agent for sulfides from deep zones to the surface.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Uttam Bhat, Stephan B. Munch
Summary: This article presents an algebraic approach to delay embedding and provides explicit approximation of error and its asymptotic dependence on system size. The method can be directly implemented using a recurrent neural network, expanding the application scope of delay embedding and RNN.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eric Foerster, Harald Boenisch, Marco Neumaier, Florian Obersteiner, Andreas Zahn, Andreas Hilboll, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, Nikos Daskalakis, Alexandros Panagiotis Poulidis, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Michael Lichtenstern, Peter Braesicke
Summary: The number of large urban agglomerations is increasing worldwide, leading to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The EMeRGe campaign investigated emissions from European and Asian major population centres to improve understanding of pollution outflows. Two methods were used to identify and characterize pollution outflows, including using chemical tracers and estimating contributions from source regions.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Danran Li, Shanshan Wang, Ruibin Xue, Jian Zhu, Sanbao Zhang, Zhibin Sun, Bin Zhou
Summary: This study utilized satellite remote sensing data to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of formaldehyde (HCHO) in Shanghai from 2010 to 2019, revealing the variation of HCHO in different seasons and regions. It identified temperature, biogenic and anthropogenic emissions as the main factors influencing HCHO levels. The study also found significant seasonal characteristics of O-3 formation regime in Shanghai, with higher O-3 concentration and FNRSAT values in suburban areas.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jesus Rojo, Jose Maria Moreno, Jorge Romero-Morte, Beatriz Lara, Belen Elvira-Rendueles, Luis Negral, Federico Fernandez-Gonzalez, Stella Moreno-Grau, Rosa Perez-Badia
Summary: Airborne particulate matter such as mineral dust mainly comes from natural sources, with large amounts originating from African regions like the Sahara and Sahel. Dust episodes can significantly impact airborne pollen concentrations in central and southeast Iberian Peninsula, leading to increased risk of allergic reactions and respiratory diseases. Prevailing winds and optimal meteorological conditions play a crucial role in the simultaneous occurrence of high pollen peaks and Saharan-Sahel dust intrusions in the region.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yujun Jiang, Xinyan Yang, Haonan Jin, Xiaohan Feng, Fang Tian, Yang Song, Yuwei Ren, Chaoxin Man, Wei Zhang
Summary: This study investigated changes in the chemical characteristics of milk formula stored at 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C for 6 months. Findings revealed that three vitamins degraded to varying degrees at all temperatures over time, lipid oxidation continued during storage, and the formation of volatile components was influenced by storage temperature and time. Additionally, fatty acids composition remained stable at all storage temperatures except for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which showed correlation with volatile components only at 30°C and 40°C.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Manuel Inostroza, Barbara Fernandez, Felipe Aguilera, Susana Layana, Thomas R. Walter, Martin Zimmer, Augusto Rodriguez-Diaz, Marcus Oelze
Summary: Researchers have identified new and active flows of molten sulfur at the Lastarria volcano in northern Chile and studied them using various methods. This finding provides a unique opportunity to better understand the origin, mineral and chemical compositions, as well as the emplacement mechanisms of molten sulfur.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Li Luo, Jia Guo, Haonan Chen, Meilin Yang, Mingxuan Chen, Hui Xiao, Jianli Ma, Siteng Li
Summary: The study reveals that rainfall in Beijing is mainly influenced by small raindrops, with summer rainfall predominantly consisting of heavy rain, and annual rainfall being dominated by stratiform rain.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jingyu Lu, Xiushu Qie, Rubin Jiang, Xian Xiao, Dongxia Liu, Jinliang Li, Shanfeng Yuan, Zhixiong Chen, Dongfang Wang, Ye Tian, Xiaoyuan Yi
Summary: The study investigated the convective cell mergers and their impact on lightning activity during an extreme severe squall line system over the Beijing Metropolitan Region. The results showed that the total flash rate of the storm peaked when the merger was completed, with different effects observed on individual cells. Radar reflectivity profiles indicated that the merger process tended to weaken the rear cell and strengthen the front cells.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jordan R. Bell, Kristopher M. Bedka, Christopher J. Schultz, Andrew L. Molthan, Sarah D. Bang, Justin Glisan, Trent Ford, W. Scott Lincoln, Lori A. Schultz, Alexander M. Melancon, Emily F. Wisinski, Kyle Itterly, Cameron R. Homeyer, Daniel J. Cecil, Craig Cogil, Rodney Donavon, Eric Lenning, Ray Wolf
Summary: This paper documented the complex evolution of the catastrophic derecho using various satellite sensors and weather radar observations. It also showed that SAR improved the identification and quantification of damaged crops. The study estimated that the derecho caused approximately 1.97 million acres of damaged corn and 1.40 million acres of damaged soybeans in Iowa.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andrea E. Gordon, Cameron R. Homeyer
Summary: This study evaluates how transport driven by tropopause-overshooting convection and properties of above-anvil cirrus plumes (AACPs) are modified by variations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) environments. The research finds that storms with AACPs have greater troposphere-to-stratosphere transport (TST) and stratospheric hydration, while storms without AACPs have greater stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT). These findings suggest that the development of AACPs and UTLS transport are influenced by the stability and wind environment in the UTLS.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Elisa M. Murillo, Cameron R. Homeyer
Summary: Above-anvil cirrus plumes (AACPs) in midlatitude convection are important indicators of severe storms and stratospheric hydration events. Recent studies have shown large variability in their characteristics, with some AACPs appearing equally as cold or colder than the broader storm top in infrared satellite imagery. This study comparatively evaluates warm and cold AACPs to determine why some exhibit a warm feature while others do not, and to identify storm and environment differences between them. The findings suggest that cold AACPs tend to occur in tropical environments with higher, cold-point tropopauses, while warm AACPs occur in midlatitude environments with lower tropopauses and an isothermal region in the lower stratosphere. These results contribute to a better understanding of severe storms and their relationship to stratospheric water vapor and climate change.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Emily N. Tinney, Cameron R. Homeyer, Lexy Elizalde, Dale F. Hurst, Anne M. Thompson, Ryan M. Stauffer, Holger Vomel, Henry B. Selkirk
Summary: The definition of the tropopause has been a focus of atmospheric science, and the most commonly used definition based on temperature lapse-rate has limitations. This study proposes a new stability-based definition using balloon-based observations, which can more reliably identify composition changes in the tropopause.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuwei Zhang, Jiwen Fan, Manish Shrivastava, Cameron R. Homeyer, Yuan Wang, John H. Seinfeld
Summary: Increased wildfires in California and Oregon significantly increase heavy precipitation rates and severe hail occurrences in the central United States. The heat and aerosols from the wildfires enhance moisture and aerosol transport, as well as increase wind shear and storm-relative helicity, creating a more conducive environment for severe convective storms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rosimar Rios-Berrios, Naoko Sakaeda, Hector J. Jimenez-Gonzalez, Angelie Nieves-Jimenez, Yidiana Zayas, Elinor Martin, Shun-Nan Wu, Cameron R. Homeyer, Ernesto Rodriguez
Summary: The diurnal cycle of coastal rainfall over western Puerto Rico was examined using high-frequency radiosondes launched by undergraduate students. The radiosondes captured the characteristics of different rainfall events, including short-lived events, limited rainfall activities, heavy rainfall, and long-lived events. The initiative highlighted the importance of student-scientist collaboration in collecting critical observations to better understand complex atmospheric processes.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
G. C. Cuchiara, A. Fried, M. C. Barth, M. M. Bela, C. R. Homeyer, J. Walega, P. Weibring, D. Richter, S. Woods, A. Beyersdorf, T. V. Bui, J. Dean-Day
Summary: Convective clouds play a significant role in redistributing trace gases in the atmosphere and removing soluble trace gas precursors. Our study focuses on the wet scavenging of formaldehyde (CH2O), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH) during convective storms in Texas, USA. Using cloud-resolving simulations, we found that the scavenging efficiency of these gases was consistent across different types of convective storms. We also discovered higher ice retention factor for CH2O and unexpected results for CH3OOH, indicating the need for further research.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kai-Wei Chang, Kenneth P. Bowman, Anita D. Rapp
Summary: Tropopause-penetrating overshooting convection can transport tropospheric air into the lower stratosphere and affect its composition. This study uses radar data and reanalysis to locate and simulate the transport of overshooting convection plumes over the United States. The results show that a significant number of air masses can remain in the stratosphere for extended periods, especially in July, and after 30 days, 45% of injected air masses still remain in the global stratosphere.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Troy D. Thornberry, Ru-Shan Gao, Steven J. Ciciora, Laurel A. Watts, Richard J. McLaughlin, Angelina Leonardi, Karen H. Rosenlof, Brian M. Argrow, Jack S. Elston, Maciej Stachura, Joshua Fromm, W. Alan Brewer, Paul Schroeder, Michael Zucker
Summary: Uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) are ideal for gathering high-resolution wildfire measurements, but have limited payload capacity. The NightFOX project, funded by NOAA, developed miniaturized scientific instruments for wildfire-related measurements that meet the weight and size constraints of UAS payloads. The system includes three optical instruments with five sensors for mapping wildfires and measuring fire radiative power, as well as a GPS-aided inertial navigation module. The system has been successfully tested on a small UAS and a crewed aircraft.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gisele Krysztofiak, Valery Catoire, Thierry Dudok de Wit, Douglas E. Kinnison, A. R. Ravishankara, Vanessa Brocchi, Elliot Atlas, Heiko Bozem, Roisin Commane, Francesco D'Amato, Bruce Daube, Glenn S. Diskin, Andreas Engel, Felix Friedl-Vallon, Eric Hintsa, Dale F. Hurst, Peter Hoor, Fabrice Jegou, Kenneth W. Jucks, Armin Kleinboehl, Harry Kuellmann, Eric A. Kort, Kathryn McKain, Fred L. Moore, Florian Obersteiner, Yenny Gonzalez Ramos, Tanja Schuck, Geoffrey C. Toon, Silvia Viciani, Gerald Wetzel, Jonathan Williams, Steven C. Wofsy
Summary: This study examines the trends in N2O concentration from the middle troposphere to the middle stratosphere using in situ and remote sensing observations. It finds a long-term increase in global N2O concentration in the MTMS from 1987 to 2018.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Cameron R. Homeyer, Jessica B. Smith, Kristopher M. Bedka, Kenneth P. Bowman, David M. Wilmouth, Rei Ueyama, Jonathan M. Dean-Day, Jason M. St. Clair, Reem Hannun, Jennifer Hare, Apoorva Pandey, David S. Sayres, Thomas F. Hanisco, Andrea E. Gordon, Emily N. Tinney
Summary: The concentration of water vapor in the lower stratosphere is the most sensitive factor contributing to Earth's radiative forcing. Rapid increases in stratospheric water vapor are often caused by tropopause-overshooting convection. This study focuses on obtaining in situ observations of stratospheric air affected by recent convection over the United States. The findings show that convective hydration routinely affects the stratosphere, with records of previous heights of convective hydration being exceeded during the DCOTSS flights. The most extreme event observed indicates a 26% increase in stratospheric water vapor at an altitude of 19.25 km, a potential temperature of 463 K, and an ozone mixing ratio >1500 ppbv.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Amanda M. Murphy, Cameron R. Homeyer
Summary: This study compares the characteristics of tornadic and non-tornadic storms, and finds that low-level azimuthal shear values are the most distinguishing factor between the two. By analyzing single-polarization data, the study shows that it is possible to accurately differentiate between tornadic and non-tornadic storms, while dual-polarization data shows little deviation between storm types. The study also reveals that tornadic storms exhibit enhanced near-surface rotation and convergence, collocating with the primary storm updraft, during tornadogenesis and at a 20-minute lead time.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthias Nuetzel, Sabine Brinkop, Martin Dameris, Hella Garny, Patrick Joeckel, Laura L. Pan, Mijeong Park
Summary: This study investigates the transportation pathways and variability of air masses from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) to the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) using trajectory analyses. The study finds that air masses are transported from the southeastern side of the AMA to the rest of the AMA, with the Tibetan Plateau and the West Pacific being the main source regions and the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia playing important roles in convective transport. The study also reveals a relation between the east-west displacement of the AMA and the monsoon Hadley index. Furthermore, the study identifies a strong intraseasonal signal in the contribution of Tibetan Plateau air masses to the AMA, which is related to the northward shift of the subtropical jet and the AMA.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Markus Jesswein, Rafael P. Fernandez, Lucas Berna, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Jens-Uwe Grooss, Ryan Hossaini, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Elliot L. Atlas, Donald R. Blake, Stephen Montzka, Timo Keber, Tanja Schuck, Thomas Wagenhaeuser, Andreas Engel
Summary: This study investigates the global seasonal distribution of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 and finds that CH2Br2 shows pronounced seasonality in both hemispheres, while CHBr3 exhibits larger variability and less clear seasonality. The observations and model simulations show good agreement in the lowermost stratosphere, but there is a discrepancy in the southern hemispheric autumn. More extensive observations in the southern hemisphere are needed to fully understand the impact of these substances on lowermost-stratospheric ozone loss.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Yanan Zhao, Dennis Booge, Christa A. Marandino, Cathleen Schlundt, Astrid Bracher, Elliot L. Atlas, Jonathan Williams, Hermann W. Bange
Summary: Our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the Peruvian upwelling system is still limited. We conducted oceanic and atmospheric measurements of DMS in this region during two shipborne cruises in December 2012 and October 2015. DMS concentrations in surface waters were influenced by nutrient availability, and no elevated concentrations were found in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru. DMS, DMSP, and DMSO may act as radical scavengers, supported by their negative correlations with NVP ratios. Atmospheric DMS concentrations varied significantly but were primarily driven by seawater DMS. The Peruvian upwelling region was identified as a source of atmospheric DMS, but emissions were moderate compared to adjacent regions.