Article
Chemistry, Physical
Erguang Huo, Shukun Wang, Mengna Bai
Summary: Density functional theory calculations and ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamic simulations were used to study the decomposition and interaction of HFC-245fa/HFC-227ea mixture. The study found that the ratio of HFC-245fa to HFC-227ea, temperature, and pressure affected the decomposition of the mixture, and hydrogen bonding enhanced the thermal stability of the mixture.
COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Enrico Pisoni, Efisio Solazzo, Antoine Guion, Marilena Muntean, Aneta Florczyk, Marcello Schiavina, Michele Melchiorri, Andres Fuentes Hutfilter
Summary: Urban population nearly doubled worldwide between 1970 and 2015, with urban centres accounting for a third of global anthropogenic greenhouse gases and most air pollutant emissions by 2015. While megacities in high-income countries have been reducing emissions, emissions in developing regions are still on the rise.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiao Zhang, Zhao Yang, Xin Huang, Xingyu Wang, Yuelei Pan, Xiaomeng Zhou
Summary: Experimental results showed that HFC-227ea had a significant inhibition effect on methane/air flames, especially in stoichiometric condition. However, its inhibition effect was weaker in lean mixtures. The burning velocities of flames were influenced by the fractions of H-2 and the presence of HFC-227ea.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Anja Eichler, Michel Legrand, Theo M. Jenk, Susanne Preunkert, Camilla Andersson, Sabine Eckhardt, Magnuz Engardt, Andreas Plach, Margit Schwikowski
Summary: High-Alpine ice cores are found to contain a well-preserved history of past anthropogenic air pollution in western Europe, and the representativeness of an individual ice core has not been addressed. By comparing multiple ice-core records, it is found that the concentration trends of various pollutants are in excellent agreement between different sites. The study reveals the impact of industrialization on pollution in western Europe and suggests that air pollution control measures have limited effects at high altitudes.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Cong-He Zhang, Hao-Ran Guo, Hao Huang, Tian-Yi Ma, Wei Song, Chong-Juan Chen, Xue-Yan Liu
Summary: Anthropogenic nitrogen emissions are driving increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition in many regions. This study focused on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in northern China and found high levels of total inorganic nitrogen deposition, posing ecological risks. Gaseous nitrogen accounted for a significant portion of deposition, with different transformation and deposition mechanisms observed for ammonia and nitrates under high emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kalin R. Baca, Greta M. Olsen, Lucia Matamoros Valenciano, Madelyn G. Bennett, Dorothy M. Haggard, Bridgette J. Befort, Alejandro Garciadiego, Alexander W. Dowling, Edward J. Maginn, Mark B. Shiflett
Summary: The phase out of HFC refrigerants has led to a global market shift, prompting industry and research institutions to investigate new refrigerant mixtures and separation techniques. This study examines the solubility of HFC-32 and HFC-125 in ionic liquids for the purpose of designing recycling processes and understanding the choice of cation and anion type. The results show variations in solubility and diffusion coefficients, highlighting potential entrainers for the separation of R-410A using extractive distillation.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yamato Fujihira, Hiroto Iwasaki, Yuji Sumii, Hiroaki Adachi, Takumi Kagawa, Norio Shibata
Summary: This article describes a method for the chemical transformation of two HFCs, which can synthesize important pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. The method effectively utilizes HFCs, making it attractive for industrial use and an alternative to current HFC decomposition processes.
BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Valeria Teppati, Francesco Agostini, Philipp Ganter, Leon-Sijun Wu, Paul L. Lewin
Summary: This article presents a comparison of the dielectric properties of three different refrigerant fluids, highlighting the significantly lower global warming potential of HFO-1336mzz(E) compared to the other two fluids.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John D. Patterson, Murat Aydin, Andrew M. Crotwell, Gabrielle Petron, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Paul B. Krummel, Ray L. Langenfelds, Eric S. Saltzman
Summary: The study indicates that the atmospheric levels of H2 in the southern hemisphere have been continuously rising from the mid to late 19th century to the 20th century, likely due to increased methane oxidation and anthropogenic emissions. Despite a reduction in automotive emissions in the late 20th century, the H2 levels in the atmosphere did not show a similar decrease.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zuzana Roskova, Julieta Schneider, Martin Stengel
Summary: This manuscript outlines the role of hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons in global warming and presents a methodology for estimating their emissions from 2010 to 2050. The effectiveness of current regulations and the projections for future emissions decline in the Czech Republic are discussed. The study highlights the importance of data availability, F-gas distribution, and active policies in estimating greenhouse gas emissions and long-term projections.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xudong Sun, Zeyu Li, Xuelei Cheng, ChengHe Guan, Mengyao Han, Bo Zhang
Summary: In recent years, global methane emissions have been growing at a faster rate than carbon dioxide emissions, with China's solid fuel production and the United States' oil and gas exploitation being major driving forces. Developed countries have largely decoupled methane emissions from economic development, while some developing countries have shown a negative decoupling state.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rayne Holland, M. Anwar H. Khan, Isabel Driscoll, Rabi Chhantyal-Pun, Richard G. Derwent, Craig A. Taatjes, Andrew J. Orr-Ewing, Carl J. Percival, Dudley E. Shallcross
Summary: The study shows that transitioning from HFC-134a to HFO-1234yf leads to a significant increase in the global burden of TFA, with surface TFA concentrations increasing up to 250-fold in Europe. The increase in emissions from HFO-1234yf is likely to result in a substantial TFA burden as the atmosphere is unable to disperse relevant oxidation products.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quere, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frederic Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Ozgur Gurses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jurgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschutzer, Nathalie Lefevre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rodenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jorg Schwinger, Roland Seferian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sonke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, Bo Zheng
Summary: Accurately assessing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is crucial for understanding the global carbon cycle, developing climate policies, and predicting climate change. This article describes the methodologies and data used to quantify the components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. The data for 2021 shows an increase in fossil fuel and land-use change emissions, as well as the impacts of the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere on carbon absorption.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Khaoula Houssini, Yong Geng, Yassine Taha, Ziyan Gao, Xiangyan Zhu
Summary: Cobalt is a critical metal in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage systems, with growing global demand and trade leading to significant CO2 emissions. This study fills the research gap by analyzing the material flow and predicting future supply and demand. The results highlight the importance of cobalt in consumer batteries and electric vehicles, as well as regional disparities in CO2 emissions and environmental externalities. Urgent actions are needed to promote cobalt recycling, mitigate supply risks, and encourage innovation.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Luke M. Western, Martin K. Vollmer, Paul B. Krummel, Karina E. Adcock, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Ray L. Langenfelds, Stephen A. Montzka, Jens Muehle, Simon O'Doherty, David E. Oram, Stefan Reimann, Matt Rigby, Isaac Vimont, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young, Johannes C. Laube
Summary: Despite the ban on production, the levels of five chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere increased between 2010 and 2020, probably due to by-products of hydrofluorocarbon production. This contradicts the goals of the Montreal Protocol to phase out these substances.
Letter
Biophysics
Nuttavut Sumransub, Fiona He, Daniel Weisdorf, Charles J. Billington, Anjali Aggarwal, Benjamin Miller, Veronika Bachanova
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ivana Labounkova, Rene Labounek, Radim Kolar, Ralf P. Tornow, Charles F. Babbs, Collin M. McClelland, Benjamin R. Miller, Igor Nestrasil
Summary: Video-recordings of retinal pulsatile patterns in the human eye are influenced by heart rate and age, which has significant implications for the modeling of retinal function and clinical design across various medical specialties.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ao Chen, Di Chen, Xiaoyi Hu, Christina M. Harth, Dickon Young, Jens Muehle, Paul B. Krummel, Simon O'Doherty, Ray F. Weiss, Ronald G. Prinn, Xuekun Fang
Summary: This study used ACE-FTS satellite observations to assess global concentrations and emissions of ozone-depleting substances, hydrofluorocarbons, and methyl chloride. The results showed that satellite observations were consistent with ground-based observations, implying that satellite observations could be used to monitor the progress of the Montreal Protocol.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Luke M. Western, Martin K. Vollmer, Paul B. Krummel, Karina E. Adcock, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Ray L. Langenfelds, Stephen A. Montzka, Jens Muehle, Simon O'Doherty, David E. Oram, Stefan Reimann, Matt Rigby, Isaac Vimont, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young, Johannes C. Laube
Summary: Despite the ban on production, the levels of five chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere increased between 2010 and 2020, probably due to by-products of hydrofluorocarbon production. This contradicts the goals of the Montreal Protocol to phase out these substances.
Correction
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Luke M. Western, Martin K. Vollmer, Paul B. Krummel, Karina E. Adcock, Molly Crotwell, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Ray L. Langenfelds, Stephen A. Montzka, Jens Muehle, Simon O'Doherty, David E. Oram, Stefan Reimann, Matt Rigby, Isaac Vimont, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young, Johannes C. Laube
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Minde An, Luke M. Western, Jianxin Hu, Bo Yao, Jens Muhle, Anita L. Ganesan, Ronald G. Prinn, Paul B. Krummel, Ryan Hossaini, Xuekun Fang, Simon O'Doherty, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young, Matthew Rigby
Summary: In this study, the emissions of chloroform (CHCl3) from China were estimated using atmospheric measurement-based top-down inverse modeling and a sector-based bottom-up inventory method. The emissions of CHCl3 increased from 78 Gg/yr in 2011 to a maximum of 193 Gg/yr in 2017, followed by a decrease to 147 Gg/yr in 2018. The changes in emissions from China accounted for all of the global changes in CHCl3 during the study period. The dominant sources of CHCl3 emissions in China were anthropogenic, such as byproduct emissions during disinfection and leakage from chloromethane industries.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Irene Pardo Cantos, Emmanuel Mahieu, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Dan Smale, James W. Hannigan, Marina Friedrich, Paul Fraser, Paul Krummel, Maxime Prignon, Jamal Makkor, Christian Servais, John Robinson
Summary: This study utilized ground-based high-resolution solar absorption FTIR spectra to monitor the atmospheric concentration of CFC-11, revealing a slowdown in its decline around 2012 possibly due to emissions from non-reported production. The results indicate that the atmospheric concentration of CFC-11 started to decrease at a slower rate in the Northern Hemisphere around 2011 and in the Southern Hemisphere around 2014.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Angharad C. Stell, Michael Bertolacci, Andrew Zammit-Mangion, Matthew Rigby, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Paul B. Krummel, Xin Lan, Manfredi Manizza, Jens Muhle, Simon O'Doherty, Ronald G. Prinn, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young, Anita L. Ganesan
Summary: This study used a hierarchical Bayesian inversion method to investigate the drivers of nitrous oxide emissions and the impact of climate variability on the surface growth rate of nitrous oxide. The results showed that global nitrous oxide emissions have been increasing, mainly driven by emissions between 0 and 30 degrees N. However, the emissions are poorly constrained for some regions, especially the oceans.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Paula Perez-Pena, Jenny A. Fisher, Dylan B. Millet, Hisashi Yashiro, Ray L. Langenfelds, Paul B. Krummel, Scott H. Kable
Summary: The photolysis of aldehydes, previously unaccounted for in atmospheric H-2 models, has been found to be an important source of H-2. Two atmospheric models were used to test the implications of this newly discovered source on the H-2 budget. The results showed minor changes in the atmospheric mixing ratios of H-2, suggesting that aldehyde photolysis is a less significant source of model uncertainty compared to other components of the H-2 budget.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luke M. Western, Alison L. Redington, Alistair J. Manning, Cathy M. Trudinger, Lei Hu, Stephan Henne, Xuekun Fang, Lambert J. M. Kuijpers, Christina Theodoridi, David S. Godwin, Jgor Arduini, Bronwyn Dunse, Andreas Engel, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Paul B. Krummel, Michela Maione, Jens Muhle, Simon O'Doherty, Hyeri Park, Sunyoung Park, Stefan Reimann, Peter K. Salameh, Daniel Say, Roland Schmidt, Tanja Schuck, Carolina Siso, Kieran M. Stanley, Isaac Vimont, Martin K. Vollmer, Dickon Young, Ronald G. Prinn, Ray F. Weiss, Stephen A. Montzka, Matthew Rigby
Summary: Despite a decrease in reported production and consumption, global emissions of the ozone-depleting gas HCFC-141b have increased from 2017 to 2021. The study suggests that this rise may be attributed to emissions from the disposal of appliances containing HCFC-141b or unreported production for dispersive uses.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guus J. M. Velders, John S. Daniel, Stephen A. Montzka, Isaac Vimont, Matthew Rigby, Paul B. Krummel, Jens Muhle, Simon O'Doherty, Ronald G. Prinn, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young
Summary: The emissions of HFCs have significantly increased in the past two decades due to the phaseout of ozone-depleting substances. However, the implementation of regulations to limit HFC use in several countries has led to lower emissions than previously projected. The Kigali Amendment is expected to further reduce emissions and mitigate the contribution of HFCs to global surface warming.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haklim Choi, Mi-Kyung Park, Paul J. Fraser, Hyeri Park, Sohyeon Geum, Jens Muhle, Jooil Kim, Ian Porter, Peter K. Salameh, Christina M. Harth, Bronwyn L. Dunse, Paul B. Krummel, Ray F. Weiss, Simon O'Doherty, Dickon Young, Sunyoung Park
Summary: This study analyzed the atmospheric levels of CH3Br in South Korea from 2008 to 2019 and found that eastern China is the main source of CH3Br emissions in the region. The study also estimated anthropogenic CH3Br emissions in eastern China, which were higher than previous estimates. These findings indicate that there are unreported CH3Br emissions in eastern China, possibly due to delays in the use of alternatives and a lack of awareness about the regulation of CH3Br production and use.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)