Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Olaf Morgenstern, Douglas E. Kinnison, Michael Mills, Martine Michou, Larry W. Horowitz, Pu Lin, Makoto Deushi, Kohei Yoshida, Fiona M. O'Connor, Yongming Tang, N. Luke Abraham, James Keeble, Fraser Dennison, Eugene Rozanov, Tatiana Egorova, Timofei Sukhodolov, Guang Zeng
Summary: Using nine chemistry-climate and eight associated no-chemistry models, this study examines the persistence and timing of cold episodes in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere from 1980 to 2014. The results show systematic differences in behavior between the chemistry and no-chemistry models, with the chemistry models exhibiting longer and earlier cold episodes compared to the lowest temperatures. Furthermore, the chemistry models often experience delayed lowest temperature occurrence by 1-3 weeks. The study highlights the need to retune chemistry-climate models compared to their no-chemistry counterparts.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
F. Robertson, L. E. Revell, H. Douglas, A. T. Archibald, O. Morgenstern, D. Frame
Summary: The year when total column ozone (TCO) returns to 1980 levels is commonly used to measure recovery from ozone-depleting substances. However, this metric fails to account for internal variability and the timing of significant TCO losses. Using the signal-to-noise (S/N) metric, this study investigates how TCO can return to pre-disturbance conditions. The findings suggest that TCO de-emerges before returning to its 1980 value, making S/N a suitable metric for determining TCO recovery.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
F. Robertson, L. E. Revell, H. Douglas, A. T. Archibald, O. Morgenstern, D. Frame
Summary: Research suggests that the year when total column ozone (TCO) returns to 1980 levels is commonly used as an indicator of recovery from ozone-depleting substances. However, this date is somewhat arbitrary. In this study, the signal-to-noise (S/N) metric from climate change research is used to investigate how TCO might return to pre-ozone hole era levels. The findings show that a return to 1980 levels does not necessarily represent TCO recovery to pre-disturbance conditions, and the S/N ratio is a more appropriate and complementary metric.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yingli Niu, Fei Xie, Shaohua Wu
Summary: This study investigated the impact of ENSO Modoki on Antarctic stratospheric ozone variability in austral spring using observation and reanalysis data. It found that ENSO Modoki generates planetary wave anomalies in the troposphere, which subsequently affect the polar vortex and interannual variations in Antarctic stratospheric ozone. Analysis also revealed that wave-1 and wave-3 components play a significant role, while wave-2 effects are opposite and offset by waves 1 and 3. Furthermore, the study evaluated the performance of CMIP6 models in simulating the impacts of ENSO Modoki on the southern stratospheric polar vortex and ozone, finding that only two models closely resemble the reanalysis results.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Leonhard Hufnagl, Roland Eichinger, Hella Garny, Thomas Birner, Ales Kuchar, Patrick Joeckel, Phoebe Graf
Summary: The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations affects circulation by changing the atmospheric temperature distribution. This study quantifies the modification of the circulation response to CO2 forcing by stratospheric ozone through model simulations. The results show that ozone changes dampen the CO2-induced strengthening of the circulation, leading to various impacts on temperature gradients and polar vortices.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
I Wohltmann, P. von der Gathen, R. Lehmann, H. Deckelmann, G. L. Manney, J. Davies, D. Tarasick, N. Jepsen, R. Kivi, N. Lyall, M. Rex
Summary: The winter of 2019/2020 in the Arctic stratosphere had the lowest observed ozone mixing ratios and was characterized by an unusually strong and long-lasting polar vortex. Some aspects of this winter resemble both Antarctic and Arctic conditions, such as the chemical processes and chlorine activation reactions. If the air masses had spent slightly more time below the upper temperature limit for polar stratospheric cloud formation and in sunlight, ozone levels in parts of the vortex could have been reduced to near zero values.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edward Charlesworth, Felix Ploeger, Thomas Birner, Rasul Baikhadzhaev, Marta Abalos, Nathan Luke Abraham, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Slimane Bekki, Fraser Dennison, Patrick Joeckel, James Keeble, Doug Kinnison, Olaf Morgenstern, David Plummer, Eugene Rozanov, Sarah Strode, Guang Zeng, Tatiana Egorova, Martin Riese
Summary: Water vapor plays a crucial role in the climate system, affecting various aspects including radiation, cloud formation, atmospheric chemistry, and dynamics. The abundance of water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere has a significant impact on the atmospheric circulation in both the stratosphere and troposphere. Current climate models show a moist bias in this region, which can be attributed to the transport scheme used. This study highlights the importance of accurately representing lowermost stratospheric water vapor in models and suggests the use of a less diffusive Lagrangian scheme to improve model performance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pengfei Yu, Sean M. Davis, Owen B. Toon, Robert W. Portmann, Charles G. Bardeen, John E. Barnes, Hagen Telg, Christopher Maloney, Karen H. Rosenlof
Summary: The Australian wildfires from 2019 to 2020 released approximately 0.9 Tg of smoke into the stratosphere, containing 2.5% black carbon. Model calculations suggest a 1 K warming in the stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes for more than 6 months following the injection of black-carbon containing smoke. It is estimated that the smoke-induced chemical reaction led to a decrease in total column ozone in the mid-high southern latitudes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Guang Zeng, Olaf Morgenstern, Jonny H. T. Williams, Fiona M. O'Connor, Paul T. Griffiths, James Keeble, Makoto Deushi, Larry W. Horowitz, Vaishali Naik, Louisa K. Emmons, N. Luke Abraham, Alexander T. Archibald, Susanne E. Bauer, Birgit Hassler, Martine Michou, Michael J. Mills, Lee T. Murray, Naga Oshima, Lori T. Sentman, Simone Tilmes, Kostas Tsigaridis, Paul J. Young
Summary: This study quantifies the impacts of halogenated ozone-depleting substances, greenhouse gases, and short-lived ozone precursors on ozone changes. The results show that while ozone loss due to ODSs dominates stratospheric ozone changes, increases in short-lived ozone precursors and methane contribute increasingly to total column ozone changes. The multi-model mean results indicate a clear change in stratospheric ozone trends after 2000 due to declining ODSs.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Feng Li, Paul A. Newman, Darryn W. Waugh
Summary: This article investigates the impacts of stratospheric ozone recovery on Southern Ocean temperature and heat content. The results show that ozone recovery leads to a decrease in temperature and heat content in the Southern Ocean, which is caused by the weakening of ocean circulation and heat transport.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wake Smith, Umang Bhattarai, Douglas G. MacMartin, Walker Raymond Lee, Daniele Visioni, Ben Kravitz, Christian Rice
Summary: This paper explores the possibility of deploying stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) in subpolar regions and its impact on global climate change. It suggests that subpolar deployment could effectively mitigate ice and permafrost melt in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions, leading to a reduction in sea level rise. However, the governance challenges associated with such deployment cannot be ignored. Despite these challenges, the feasibility and potential global benefits of subpolar-focused SAI warrant further attention.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Peer Nowack, Paulo Ceppi, Sean M. Davis, Gabriel Chiodo, Will Ball, Mohamadou A. Diallo, Birgit Hassler, Yue Jia, James Keeble, Manoj Joshi
Summary: Future increases in stratospheric water vapour could worsen climate change and slow down ozone layer recovery. However, climate models disagree on the extent of these increases under global warming. This study provides a constrained estimate of stratospheric water vapour changes using historical observations and reveals that many climate models are inconsistent with observational evidence.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brian Zambri, Susan Solomon, David W. J. Thompson, Qiang Fu
Summary: The recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole has led to significant changes in the circulation and temperature of the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere, with trends showing the opposite of those seen during the period of ozone depletion in the late 20th century. The observed differences in stratospheric trends between the recovery and depletion periods are statistically significant.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. Eric Klobas, Janina Hansen, Debra K. Weisenstein, Robert P. Kennedy, David M. Wilmouth
Summary: The study suggests that future changes in the state of the stratosphere have less impact on iodine-mediated ozone loss compared to chlorine- and bromine-mediated reactions. Additionally, the inclusion of the heterogeneous reaction of ozone with aqueous iodide in stratospheric aerosol significantly enhances iodine and chlorine-mediated ozone loss efficiency.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wenshou Tian, Jinlong Huang, Jiankai Zhang, Fei Xie, Wuke Wang, Yifeng Peng
Summary: This review summarizes the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions. It discusses the challenges of applying stratospheric signals in operational forecast models and the critical role of stratospheric chemistry in global climate change. The review also highlights the importance of considering whole-atmosphere interactions for a better understanding of stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its role in climate change.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Wu, Tianhai Cheng, Xiaole Pan, Lijuan Zheng, Shuaiyi Shi, Hang Liu
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wenyi Yang, Jie Li, Zifa Wang, Lingling Wang, Xu Dao, Lili Zhu, Xiaole Pan, Yanyu Li, Yele Sun, Shuangliang Ma, Wei Wang, Xueshun Chen, Jianbin Wu
Summary: With continuous strengthening of emission control actions, the air quality in northern China during winter has been improved. However, the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration remains high in the Central Plains Economic Region (CPER). Local emissions represent the largest contributor to ambient PM2.5 levels, especially under high PM2.5 concentrations, where 60%-70% of primary particles are freshly emitted on the current day.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Saki Noguchi, Akinori Takagi, Takahiro Tanaka, Yu Takahashi, Xiaole Pan, Yuka Kibayashi, Ryo Mizokami, Tomohiro Nishimura, Masatoshi Tomi
Summary: The study revealed that ENT1 expression was higher than ENT2 in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, but both transporters had minimal contribution to fluorouracil uptake and showed no correlation with fluorouracil sensitivity. It suggests that neither ENT1 nor ENT2 significantly affects the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to fluorouracil.
BIOPHARMACEUTICS & DRUG DISPOSITION
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
P. K. Patra, M. C. Krol, R. G. Prinn, M. Takigawa, J. Muhle, S. A. Montzka, S. Lal, Y. Yamashita, S. Naus, N. Chandra, R. F. Weiss, P. B. Krummel, P. J. Fraser, S. O'Doherty, J. W. Elkins
Summary: The study uses observations and simulation models to derive anomalies in the inverse lifetime of CH3CCl3 in the troposphere, revealing that the reaction rate of CH3CCl3 in the atmosphere is influenced by both physical and chemical factors. It explains that the changes in K-G are mainly driven by global variations in OH sources and sinks and chemical effects, showing significant positive trends and year-to-year fluctuations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Makoto Inoue, Atsushi Ugajin, Osamu Kiguchi, Yousuke Yamashita, Masashi Komine, Shuji Yamakawa
Summary: This study investigated the effects of the Tibetan High near the tropopause and the North Pacific High in the troposphere on hot or cool summers in Japan. Results showed that the extension of these highs to Japan is associated with hot summers, while their weakening is related to cool summers. The latitudinal direction of extension of these highs is critical in determining the summer climate in different regions of Japan.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yousuke Yamashita, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Masaaki Takahashi
Summary: Arctic spring ozone levels are related to the quasi-biennial oscillation and the 11-year solar cycle. Lower ozone levels in the Arctic during QBO-W/S-min years are associated with a stronger Arctic polar vortex, which is linked to reduced sudden stratospheric warming events in winter.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kohei Ikeda, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Takafumi Sugita, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-Francois Coheur
Summary: The study analyzed the long-range transport of air pollutants from East Asia to the Arctic and identified 11 strong events caused by this transport, with two main transport pathways. The findings provide valuable information for planning field campaigns and assessing the impact of future climate change on the transport from Asia to the Arctic.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eric Dupuy, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Yousuke Yamashita
Summary: HFCs have a limited impact on stratospheric ozone recovery, with similar simulations in low and mid-latitudes but significant discrepancies in northern high latitudes. The competing effects of vertical motion and temperature anomalies contribute to the observed patterns in the stratosphere.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hongyi Li, Libo Zhou, Ge Wang
Summary: The land-atmosphere heat transfers over different regions of the Tibetan Plateau and their responses to the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) were investigated. It was found that there were inhomogeneities in the land-atmosphere heat transfers over the plateau, with large differences among plateau stations. The heat transfers were strongly affected by the SASM evolution, with more significant impacts observed in southern station locations. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the complexities of the SASM impacts on the plateau.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edward Charlesworth, Felix Ploeger, Thomas Birner, Rasul Baikhadzhaev, Marta Abalos, Nathan Luke Abraham, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Slimane Bekki, Fraser Dennison, Patrick Joeckel, James Keeble, Doug Kinnison, Olaf Morgenstern, David Plummer, Eugene Rozanov, Sarah Strode, Guang Zeng, Tatiana Egorova, Martin Riese
Summary: Water vapor plays a crucial role in the climate system, affecting various aspects including radiation, cloud formation, atmospheric chemistry, and dynamics. The abundance of water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere has a significant impact on the atmospheric circulation in both the stratosphere and troposphere. Current climate models show a moist bias in this region, which can be attributed to the transport scheme used. This study highlights the importance of accurately representing lowermost stratospheric water vapor in models and suggests the use of a less diffusive Lagrangian scheme to improve model performance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rutambhara Joshi, Dantong Liu, Eiko Nemitz, Ben Langford, Neil Mullinger, Freya Squires, James Lee, Yunfei Wu, Xiaole Pan, Pingqing Fu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Qiang Zhang, Ruili Wu, Oliver Wild, Michael Flynn, Hugh Coe, James Allan
Summary: This study measured urban BC fluxes in Beijing and found that traffic was the main source of BC emissions in both winter and summer. The research also showed that the current BC emissions in China are higher than the measured fluxes, suggesting the need for further emission reductions to decrease BC concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qian Wu, Xiao Tang, Lei Kong, Zirui Liu, Duohong Chen, Miaomiao Lu, Huangjian Wu, Jin Shen, Lin Wu, Xiaole Pan, Jie Li, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang
Summary: This study investigated the uncertainties in predicting key components of PM2.5 in the Pearl River Delta region using the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System. The model accurately reproduced spatial and temporal variations in nitrate, ammonium, OC, and BC, but showed significant underestimation in predicting sulfate concentrations, especially during winter. The discrepancies in OC and BC were mainly attributed to uncertainties in emission data, while uncertainties in heterogeneous reaction modeling were likely responsible for the biases in sulfate and ammonium concentrations, particularly during winter.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yousuke Yamashita, Masayuki Takigawa, Daisuke Goto, Hisashi Yashiro, Masaki Satoh, Yugo Kanaya, Fumikazu Taketani, Takuma Miyakawa
Summary: The atmospheric transport of aerosols, such as black carbon, has a significant impact on the Arctic region, affecting solar radiation, precipitation, and snow/ice cover. The study evaluated the resolution dependency of simulated black carbon transport from Siberia to the Arctic using a model, and found that the transport to the Arctic in September is enhanced by well-developed low-pressure systems. Results suggest that finer horizontal resolutions models are more effective in enhancing material transport processes to the Arctic through these low-pressure systems compared to coarser resolutions.
JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2021)
