Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. R. Szalay, F. Allegrini, F. Bagenal, S. J. Bolton, G. Clark, J. E. P. Connerney, R. W. Ebert, R. E. Ergun, B. Mauk, D. J. McComas, P. Valek, R. J. Wilson
Summary: Field-aligned proton beams are a systematic feature associated with Jupiter's auroral emissions, transporting mass away from its ionosphere. These beams are a significant source of protons for much of Jupiter's magnetic environment, particularly in the southern auroral oval.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. R. Szalay, G. Clark, G. Livadiotis, D. J. McComas, D. G. Mitchell, J. S. Rankin, A. H. Sulaiman, F. Allegrini, F. Bagenal, R. W. Ebert, G. R. Gladstone, W. S. Kurth, B. H. Mauk, P. W. Valek, R. J. Wilson, S. J. Bolton
Summary: Two distinct proton populations, a low-energy core population and a high-energy dispersive conic population, are observed over Jupiter's southern polar cap. The core protons are likely the seed population for the higher-energy dispersive conics, which are accelerated due to transient wave-particle heating. Plasma characteristics and composition suggest that Jupiter's polar-most field lines can be topologically closed, with magnetic footpoints connected to both hemispheres.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
F. Allegrini, F. Bagenal, R. W. Ebert, P. Louarn, D. J. McComas, J. R. Szalay, P. Valek, R. Wilson, S. J. Bolton, J. E. P. Connerney, G. Clark, S. Duling, W. S. Kurth, B. Mauk, J. Saur, J. H. Waite
Summary: This study reports on plasma observations made by the Juno/Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment during the Ganymede flyby on June 7, 2021. The data suggests that Juno traveled through an open field line region instead of a closed field line region while approaching Ganymede. Furthermore, the ion composition near Ganymede differed significantly from the nearby plasma environment, and low-energy electrons were observed to be enhanced at various boundaries of the magnetosphere.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
K. Zhao, L. M. Kistler, E. J. Lund, N. Nowrouzi, N. Kitamura, R. J. Strangeway
Summary: The recalibrated FAST/TEAMS data is used to study the response of O+ and H+ outflow to energy inputs in the nightside aurora during the 24-25 September 1998 geomagnetic storm. O+ outflow shows a strong correlation with both the Alfvenic Poynting flux and the soft electron precipitation, while H+ outflow only correlates well with the electron number flux.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vera Nikolaeva, Evgeny Gordeev, Tima Sergienko, Ludmila Makarova, Andrey Kotikov
Summary: The auroral oval is a high-latitude region of the ionosphere with strong chemical composition variability due to energetic particles from the magnetosphere. Dynamic variations in the auroral zone are difficult to forecast due to complex magnetospheric processes. Understanding electron concentrations in this turbulent region is crucial for radio wave propagation conditions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yao Yu, Ze-Jun Hu, Hong-Tao Cai, Yi-Sheng Zhang
Summary: This article investigates two important phenomena in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling: auroral particle precipitation and the formation of ions flowing upward from the ionosphere. Based on observations from the DMSP F13 satellite in January and July 2005, the ionospheric ion upflows in dayside auroral oval can be classified into five types based on velocity and spectrum characteristics, and their distribution is studied. The results show that the ion upflows mainly occur in the latitudinal range of 70-80 degrees. The occurrence of ion upflows is higher in winter compared to summer and is significantly enhanced during moderate geomagnetic activity. The occurrence of ion upflows is influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field components. IMF Bx has an effect on the occurrence in specific MLT ranges and latitudes, while IMF By can reverse the high-occurrence area. Ion upflows of type A have the highest velocity, followed by type E, and type D has the lowest. The average velocity of ion upflows is higher in winter compared to summer.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A. I. Ryabchikov, D. O. Vakhrushev, S. V. Dektyarev
Summary: The article presents the results of experimental studies on the formation of submillisecond titanium ion beams from continuous vacuum arc discharge plasma. It investigates the influence of ion-electron emission on the overestimation of measured ion current and demonstrates the possibility of forming high-intensity submillisecond titanium ion beams.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Chenglong Yu, Ao Qian, Yuxi Lu, Wenjuan Liao, Peng Zhang, Man Tong, Hailiang Dong, Qiang Zeng, Songhu Yuan
Summary: Fe-bearing clay minerals are important reservoirs of iron in the Earth's crust and play a crucial role in electron transfer processes. This review examines the electron transfer reactions between Fe-bearing clay minerals and various reactants, including microbes, organic compounds, and heavy metals. The physical-chemical mechanisms of interfacial and interior electron transfer processes are discussed, as well as their environmental implications and potential applications in environmental mitigation and human health.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vera Nikolaeva, Evgeny Gordeev, Alexander Nikolaev, Denis Rogov, Oleg Troshichev
Summary: The AIM-E model is designed to calculate chemical content in the auroral ionosphere, considering both solar radiation and electron precipitation. Parameterizing the OVATION-Prime model with the PC index improves timing accuracy during geomagnetic storms. The model shows good agreement with observational data and is useful for predicting radio wave propagation conditions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izabela Wolanska, Edyta Budzynska, Jaroslaw Puton
Summary: This study investigates the ionization process of benzyl chloride in a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer using nitrogen as the carrier gas, revealing that ionization follows the dissociative electron capture mechanism and leads to the formation of cluster ions. By analyzing drift time spectra, the electron attachment rate for BzCl and the equilibrium constant for cluster ion formation were estimated. Theoretical interpretation of the results is based on ion transport mathematically, considering diffusion, formation, and dissociation of ionic clusters during ion movement in the drift section.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Uday Narayan Ghosh
Summary: Various plasma models have been developed and shown interesting features in auroral plasma, astro-physics plasmas, and spacecraft observations, based on the acknowledgements of space observations. Soliton theory is efficient in describing nonlinear features, and lump soliton solutions of the Kadomstev-Petviashvili equation have been derived using Viking satellite data. The study of lump solitons is attractive and important due to its wide range of applications, and the structures of lump solitons in auroral magnetized plasma vary with parameters.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, Valerio Di Giulio
Summary: The combination of free electron beams and ultrafast optics enables high-precision investigation of photonic nanostructures, while also providing the ability to manipulate wave functions to study and control quantum excitations. Research shows that excitation probabilities of single electrons are independent of their wave functions, contrasting with those of multiple modulated electrons which depend on their spatial arrangement, reflecting the quantum nature of their interactions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guoqing Zhou, Gang Lu, Oleg Prezhdo
Summary: Auger-type energy exchange is crucial in nanomaterials due to strong carrier-carrier interactions. A new ab initio technique was developed to accurately model Auger scattering with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, describing charge-charge and charge-phonon scattering in a nonperturbative manner. This technique successfully reproduced experimental processes, providing detailed insights into carrier dynamics in nanomaterials with strong carrier-carrier interactions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marc R. Bourgeois, Austin G. Nixon, Matthieu Chalifour, Elliot K. Beutler, David J. Masiello
Summary: Free-electron-based measurements in scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) provide valuable information on the broadband spectral responses of nanoscale systems with subdiffraction limited spatial resolution. Recent advances in manipulating the spatial phase profile of electron wavefronts enable theoretical descriptions of interactions between electron probes and optically stimulated nanophotonic targets. By leveraging phase shaping techniques, nanospectroscopy can be used to probe the polarization-resolved response field of optically excited targets with nanoscale spatial resolution. These developments have the potential to become powerful tools for fundamental studies of quantum materials, noninvasive imaging, and nanoscale 3D field tomography.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Edyta Budzynska, Izabela Wolanska, Jaroslaw Puton
Summary: The presented work focuses on the impact of ionization mechanisms on detection sensitivity in negative-mode ion mobility spectrometry. The research was conducted on selected organic analytes using DT IMS in the negative mode of operation. Two ionization mechanisms, electron capture and ion-molecule reactions, can be used in the negative mode of detection depending on the carrier gas. The experiments were carried out using air and nitrogen as carrier gases, allowing for a comparison of the ionization mechanisms. The study also investigated the effect of oxygen and water admixtures in carrier gases on the detection efficiency of selected organic compounds.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
W. Li, Q. Ma, X. -C. Shen, X. -J. Zhang, B. H. Mauk, G. Clark, F. Allegrini, W. S. Kurth, G. B. Hospodarsky, A. Sulaiman, T. A. Nordheim, S. J. Bolton
Summary: During the Juno flyby of Ganymede, significant downward-going electron fluxes and intense whistler-mode waves were observed. Using a quasi-linear model, we determined that quasi-parallel waves dominate the precipitation of higher-energy electrons, while highly oblique waves are important for lower-energy electrons. This study provides new evidence of whistler-mode waves as a potential primary driver of energetic electron precipitation into Ganymede's atmosphere.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
B. Bezdekova, F. Nemec, J. Manninen, O. Santolik, G. B. Hospodarsky, W. S. Kurth
Summary: This study analyzes events with significant intensity enhancements in the 1.5-4 kHz frequency range measured by the ground-based Kannuslehto station in Finland. A total of 465 events are identified in the data collected between December 2012 and October 2019. It is found that these events usually last for several hours and preferentially occur on the dawn side during geomagnetically active periods. Simultaneous measurements from the Van Allen Probes spacecraft are used to determine the L-shells and magnetic local times associated with the intensity increase in space.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sofia Burne, Cesar Bertucci, Nick Sergis, Laura F. Morales, Nicholas Achilleos, Beatriz Sanchez-Cano, Yaireska Collado-Vega, Sergio Dasso, Niklas J. T. Edberg, Bill S. Kurth
Summary: New evidence based on Cassini data shows that Titan's positioning outside Saturn's magnetosphere was due to the impact of two consecutive interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) that interacted with the moon and the planet. The study reveals the compression of Saturn's magnetopause and bow shock under prevailing solar wind pressures, and how this results in Titan being embedded in an ICME. The research suggests that Titan rarely encounters pristine solar wind, but rather interacts with transient solar structures during extreme space weather conditions.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. H. Sulaiman, J. R. Szalay, G. Clark, F. Allegrini, F. Bagenal, M. J. Brennan, J. E. P. Connerney, V. Hue, W. S. Kurth, R. L. Lysak, J. D. Nichols, J. Saur, S. J. Bolton
Summary: Juno's highly inclined orbits provide opportunities to study the magnetic field lines connected to the orbit of Io. Its payload allows for remote-sensing and in-situ measurements of the Io-Jupiter interaction. The study presents the analysis of Alfven Poynting fluxes and field-aligned current densities along field lines connected to Io and its orbit.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
D. P. Hartley, I. W. Christopher, C. A. Kletzing, W. S. Kurth, O. Santolik, I. Kolmasova, M. R. Argall, N. Ahmadi
Summary: A new sheath impedance model is developed to explain the effect of variable coupling impedance between Van Allen Probes instruments and ambient plasma on electric field wave measurements. The study quantifies the impact of this sheath correction on measured chorus wave properties and finds that the sheath-corrected electric field wave power is typically 2 to 9 times larger than the uncorrected measurement. The sheath correction also affects the Poynting vector, increasing the Poynting flux by a factor of 2 and changing the propagation direction in 2% of cases.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. C. Brandt, E. Provornikova, S. D. Bale, A. Cocoros, R. DeMajistre, K. Dialynas, H. A. Elliott, S. Eriksson, B. Fields, A. Galli, M. E. Hill, M. Horanyi, T. Horbury, S. Hunziker, P. Kollmann, J. Kinnison, G. Fountain, S. M. Krimigis, W. S. Kurth, J. Linsky, C. M. Lisse, K. E. Mandt, W. Magnes, R. L. McNutt, J. Miller, E. Moebius, P. Mostafavi, M. Opher, L. Paxton, F. Plaschke, A. R. Poppe, E. C. Roelof, K. Runyon, S. Redfield, N. Schwadron, V. Sterken, P. Swaczyna, J. Szalay, D. Turner, H. Vannier, R. Wimmer-Schweingruber, P. Wurz, E. J. Zirnstein
Summary: This article provides a detailed overview of the knowledge gaps in our understanding of the interaction between the heliosphere and the largely unexplored Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM), as well as predictions of potential scientific discoveries in this field. The article discusses the new measurements needed to make progress in space physics, including in-situ plasma and pick-up ion measurements, direct sampling of VLISM properties, and remote imaging to discern the heliospheric shape and interaction with interstellar hydrogen. A 4-year NASA funded mission study reports the implementation of a pragmatic Interstellar Probe mission with a nominal design life of reaching 375 Astronomical Units (au), with likely operation out to 550 au.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. A. Kletzing, J. Bortnik, G. Hospodarsky, W. S. Kurth, O. Santolik, C. W. Smitth, I. W. Christopher, D. P. Hartley, I. Kolmasova, A. Sen Gupta
Summary: We present a post-mission assessment of the EMFISIS investigation on the NASA Van Allen Probes mission, including important scientific results covering wave modes and DC magnetic fields. The data products, publicly available, are discussed to guide users on the measurements' characteristics and known issues. Guidance on correct use of derived products, particularly the wave-normal analysis and plasma density measurement, is also provided.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivana Kolmasova, Ondrej Santolik, Masafumi Imai, William S. Kurth, George B. Hospodarsky, John E. P. Connerney, Scott J. Bolton, Radek Lan
Summary: Our understanding of lightning processes at Jupiter was limited by previous measurements. However, recent observations from the Juno mission have provided new insights. The Juno Waves instrument collected data at a resolution of 125 microseconds over a period of 5 years, revealing step-like extensions of lightning channels and indicating similarities between Jovian and intracloud lightning initiation processes on Earth.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
F. Nemec, J. Manninen, O. Santolik, G. B. Hospodarsky, W. S. Kurth
Summary: Magnetospheric Line Radiation (MLR) refers to a type of electromagnetic wave phenomenon observed at frequencies of a few kilohertz in the inner magnetosphere. MLR is characterized by a frequency modulation of wave intensity. Although frequently observed by ground-based stations and low-altitude spacecraft, MLR's observations in the equatorial region at larger radial distances are limited due to low frequency resolution. A study using high-resolution multicomponent wave data obtained from Van Allen Probes spacecraft has detected 15 MLR events. These events primarily occur on the dayside and propagate away from the geomagnetic equator.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
W. S. Kurth, L. F. Burlaga, T. Kim, N. V. Pogorelov, L. J. Granroth
Summary: The Voyager spacecraft have been in the local interstellar medium for several years. They carry a plasma wave instrument that can detect electron density through plasma waves. Recent observations show increases in density at shocks and pressure fronts, accompanied by increases in the magnetic field. Voyager 1 has not observed electron plasma oscillations since 2019, while Voyager 2 continues to observe them.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. K. Louis, P. Louarn, B. Collet, N. Clement, S. Al Saati, J. R. Szalay, V. Hue, L. Lamy, S. Kotsiaros, W. S. Kurth, C. M. Jackman, Y. Wang, M. Blanc, F. Allegrini, J. E. P. Connerney, D. Gershman
Summary: This study focuses on the detection and characterization of radio sources associated with the Galilean moons Io, Europa, and Ganymede at Jupiter. Using data from the Juno spacecraft, this research suggests that the Cyclotron Maser Instability is responsible for the radio signals. The study also highlights the importance of Alfven perturbations and currents in amplifying the radio emissions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Daly, W. Li, Q. Ma, X. -c. Shen, P. H. Yoon, J. D. Menietti, W. S. Kurth, G. B. Hospodarsky, B. H. Mauk, G. Clark, F. Allegrini, J. E. P. Connerney, S. J. Bolton
Summary: Interchange instability drives fast radial transport of particles in Jupiter's inner magnetosphere. In this study, we analyze representative interchange events observed by Juno and find intriguing features of particle distributions and plasma waves. We also calculate the linear growth rate of whistler-mode and Z-mode waves based on observed parameters, and show that both waves can be locally generated within the interchanged flux tube. These findings are important for understanding particle transport and plasma wave generation in Jupiter's magnetosphere and beyond.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)