Article
Immunology
Taylor D. Selembo, Elizabeth A. Talbot, Christophe T. Courtine, Elizabeth R. Daly, Torane W. Hull, Kirsten J. Durzy
Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has worsened social vulnerabilities and racial disparities, leading to disproportionate morbidity and mortality. The State of New Hampshire developed a transparent framework for vaccine allocation, allocating 10% of the supply to disproportionately impacted and highly vulnerable populations.
Article
Geography, Physical
Chad Wittkop, Mariela Perignon
Summary: This paper presents a case study of the 2006 Suncook River avulsion in New Hampshire, USA, highlighting the influence of long-term human modifications to the river environment on the event. It also emphasizes the natural processes that dominated the initial fluvial responses in the decade following the event.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonio J. Signes-Pastor, Pablo Martinez-Camblor, Emily Baker, Juliette Madan, Margaret F. Guill, Margaret R. Karagas
Summary: The study found that prenatal arsenic exposure may have an adverse effect on childhood lung function, particularly on forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation. This negative impact may be more pronounced, especially among girls, when the mother has a lower secondary methylation index.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Audrey H. Calderwood, Tor D. Tosteson, Louise C. Walter, Peiying Hua, Tracy Onega
Summary: This observational study using the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry found that clinical findings during colonoscopy varied by indication and increased with age in older adults. The overall rates of finding advanced polyps and colorectal cancer were low, but older adults were frequently recommended to continue colonoscopy despite advanced age and insignificant clinical findings on current examination.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Meng Zhou, Hengyan Man, Yan Yang, Zhihong Zhong, Xiaohua Deng
Summary: This paper evaluates quasi-viscous dissipation in the electron diffusion region at Earth's magnetopause and reveals intriguing findings, such as electrons being cooled rather than heated in a large portion of the diffusion region.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lynn F. Butterly, Rebecca L. Siegel, Stacey Fedewa, Christina M. Robinson, Ahmedin Jemal, Joseph C. Anderson
Summary: The study compared the prevalence of advanced neoplasia in an average-risk screening equivalent group aged 45-49 with those aged 50-54 and older. Results showed similar prevalence of AN and clinically significant serrated polyps in the 45-49 and 50-54 age groups, and increased AN risk starting at age 40 in the 40-44 group. This suggests the need for reconsideration of screening age for colorectal cancer.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. J. Guo, S. Y. Wang, R. Schwengner, W. Z. Xu, B. Qi, C. Liu, A. Rohilla, F. Doenau, T. Servene, H. Schnare, J. Reif, G. Winter, L. Kaeubler, H. Prade, S. Skoda, J. Eberth, H. G. Thomas, F. Becker, B. Fiedler, S. Freund, S. Kasemann, T. Steinhardt, O. Thelen, T. Haertlein, C. Ender, F. Koeck, P. Reiter, D. Schwalm
Summary: The lifetimes of the candidate chiral doublet bands of Br-80 were determined using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The absolute transition probabilities derived from the lifetimes agree well with the chiral electromagnetic selection rules and are accurately predicted by the triaxial particle rotor model calculations. This agreement between experimental data, selection rules, and theoretical calculations is rare and significant in the field of nuclear chirality.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Govindasamy Kadirvel, Yumkhaibam Sovarani Devi, Syamal Naskar, K. M. Bujarbaruah, Gutum Khargariah, Santanu Banik, Ningthoujam Suraj Singh, Chamniugongliu Gonmei
Summary: The low productivity of local pigs in the Eastern Himalayan hill region prompted the development of a crossbred pig of Niang Megha indigenous and Hampshire. The HN-75 crossbred pigs showed superior performance in terms of production, reproduction, and adaptability. These pigs exhibited good mothering abilities, carcass quality, and consumer preference. Their growth rate and litter size surpassed that of average local pigs, making them a valuable asset for improving the livelihood and income of the region's farmers.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rachel L. Criswell, Yuting Wang, Brock Christensen, Julianne C. Botelho, Antonia M. Calafat, Lisa A. Peterson, Carin A. Huset, Margaret R. Karagas, Megan E. Romano
Summary: PFAS are persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals associated with long-term health outcomes. We measured the concentrations of PFAS in human milk and found that the concentrations in milk were positively correlated with those in plasma. Factors such as parity, previous lactation, week of milk collection, and body mass index were inversely associated with milk PFAS concentrations. Our study suggests that even in the general population, some infants may be exposed to PFAS through milk, which could have long-term health impacts.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yajing Li, Bin Chen, Delin Fang, Boyu Zhang, Junhong Bai, Gengyuan Liu, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study evaluates PM2.5 emissions in the Jing-Jin-Ji region from various sectors using multiple principles accounting analysis, structural decomposition analysis, and input-output analysis. The results highlight emission intensity as a crucial driver of changes in PM2.5 emissions and reveal Beijing as a consumption- and supply-driven net importer of PM2.5 emissions, while Hebei is a net exporter.
Article
Water Resources
Ge Pu, John L. Campbell, Mark B. Green, Jeff L. Merriam, David Zietlow, Ruth D. Yanai
Summary: Stream fluxes are often reported without considering uncertainty, which makes it difficult to evaluate findings or improve monitoring programs. This study conducted a Monte Carlo analysis to estimate the uncertainty in streamflow and solute fluxes in a forested watershed over a 6-year period. The results showed that uncertainty in solute fluxes varied among different solutes, with the analysis of solute concentration being the main source of uncertainty.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Megan E. Romano, Brianna C. Heggeseth, Lisa G. Gallagher, Julianne Cook Botelho, Antonia M. Calafat, Diane Gilbert-Diamond, Margaret R. Karagas
Summary: The study found sex-specific associations between maternal plasma PFAS concentrations during pregnancy and growth patterns in the first year of life, with greater BMI growth observed among infant girls born to mothers with higher pregnancy concentrations of PFOS.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Marco Zoccarato, Wolfgang Grisold, Anna Grisold, Valentina Poretto, Federica Boso, Bruno Giometto
Summary: The diagnostic criteria provided by PNS Euronetwork in 2004 classify various forms of PNS, with a focus on onconeural and neuronal surface antibodies. Since then, there has been an increase in the number of antibodies and associated tumors, leading to a growing understanding of the mechanisms underlying PNS neuropathies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joseph C. Anderson, William Hisey, Todd A. Mackenzie, Christina M. Robinson, Amitabh Srivastava, Reinier G. S. Meester, Lynn F. Butterly
Summary: By analyzing data from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry, we found a correlation between the adenoma detection rate of endoscopists and the risk of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer. Endoscopists with higher adenoma detection rates had lower risks of colorectal cancer after the examination, validating the adenoma detection rate as an important quality measure for endoscopists.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuting Wang, Caitlin Howe, Lisa G. Gallagher, Julianne Cook Botelho, Antonia M. Calafat, Margaret R. Karagas, Megan E. Romano
Summary: This study found that prenatal exposure to a mixture of PFAS was associated with increased postpartum weight retention. Specifically, higher concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA were positively related to postpartum weight gain, with a stronger association observed in participants with higher pre-pregnancy BMI.
Article
Ecology
Allison M. Herreid, Adam S. Wymore, Ruth K. Varner, Jody D. Potter, William H. McDowell
Summary: Inland waters, especially streams, are significant sources of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O. This study found spatial and temporal variability in GHG concentrations in 20 streams in New England, USA, and identified unique predictor variables for each gas. Developing an understanding of the factors controlling GHG dynamics in streams can help assess and predict how fluvial ecosystems will respond to changes in climate and land use.
Article
Microbiology
Laura A. Zinke, Paul N. Evans, Christian Santos-Medellin, Alena L. Schroeder, Donovan H. Parks, Ruth K. Varner, Virginia I. Rich, Gene W. Tyson, Joanne B. Emerson
Summary: Recent discoveries of mcr and mcr-like genes in genomes from diverse archaeal lineages suggest that methane metabolism is an ancient pathway with a complicated evolutionary history. Analysis showed that methanogenesis may have been laterally acquired by an ancestor of the Methanomassiliicoccales. Furthermore, no evidence of mcrA homologues outside of Methanomassiliicoccales was found in Thermoplasmata genomes.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Brittany A. Verbeke, Louis J. Lamit, Erik A. Lilleskov, Suzanne B. Hodgkins, Nathan Basiliko, Evan S. Kane, Roxane Andersen, Rebekka R. E. Artz, Juan C. Benavides, Brian W. Benscoter, Werner Borken, Luca Bragazza, Stefani M. Brandt, Suzanna L. Braeuer, Michael A. Carson, Dan Charman, Xin Chen, Beverley R. Clarkson, Alexander R. Cobb, Peter Convey, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Andrea S. Enriquez, Howard Griffiths, Samantha P. Grover, Charles F. Harvey, Lorna Harris, Christina Hazard, Dominic Hodgson, Alison M. Hoyt, John Hribljan, Jyrki Jauhiainen, Sari Juutinen, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Randall K. Kolka, Mari Kononen, Tuula Larmola, Carmody K. McCalley, James McLaughlin, Tim R. Moore, Nadia Mykytczuk, Anna E. Normand, Virginia Rich, Nigel Roulet, Jessica Royles, Jasmine Rutherford, David S. Smith, Mette M. Svenning, Leho Tedersoo, Pham Q. Thu, Carl C. Trettin, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Zuzana Urbanova, Ruth K. Varner, Meng Wang, Zheng Wang, Matt Warren, Magdalena M. Wiedermann, Shanay Williams, Joseph B. Yavitt, Zhi-Guo Yu, Zicheng Yu, Jeffrey P. Chanton
Summary: This study examined variations in the organic matter functional groups of peat samples collected from different latitudes and elevations using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results showed that peat from high latitudes had higher carbohydrate content, while peat from low latitudes had higher aromatic content. For peat from similar latitudes but different elevations, higher elevations had higher carbohydrate content and lower aromatic content. These findings are important for understanding the response of peatland soil to climate change.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. E. Holmes, P. M. Crill, W. C. Burnett, C. K. McCalley, R. M. Wilson, S. Frolking, K-Y Chang, W. J. Riley, R. K. Varner, S. B. Hodgkins, A. P. McNichol, S. R. Saleska, V. Rich, J. P. Chanton
Summary: Stordalen Mire is a peatland in arctic Sweden that exhibits a habitat gradient from permafrost palsa to thawed fen. The evaluation of carbon accumulation rates across this gradient using three independent approaches showed that recent carbon balance in this area is being offset by rising methane emissions, leading to net CO2-equivalent emissions. This indicates that the mire and similar permafrost ecosystems will exert a warming influence on future climate.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Moira Hough, Samantha McCabe, S. Rose Vining, Emily Pickering Pedersen, Rachel M. Wilson, Ryan Lawrence, Kuang-Yu Chang, Gil Bohrer, IsoGenie Coordinators, William J. Riley, Patrick M. Crill, Ruth K. Varner, Steven J. Blazewicz, Ellen Dorrepaal, Malak M. Tfaily, Scott R. Saleska, Virginia Rich
Summary: Permafrost thaw can drive the increased release of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2 and CH4. Plant productivity post-thaw accelerates decomposition rates, leading to higher CO2 and CH4 fluxes.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruth K. Varner, Patrick M. Crill, Steve Frolking, Carmody K. McCalley, Sophia A. Burke, Jeffrey P. Chanton, M. Elizabeth Holmes, Scott Saleska, Michael W. Palace
Summary: Permafrost thawing affects ecological characteristics and alters greenhouse gas emissions, leading to a positive feedback to climate change.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kyle A. Arndt, Eleanor E. Campbell, Chris D. Dorich, A. Stuart Grandy, Timothy S. Griffin, Peter Ingraham, Apryl Perry, Ruth K. Varner, Alexandra R. Contosta
Summary: This study examined the potential of Management Intensive Grazing (MIG) pastures in the northeastern United States to store carbon in soils. The findings showed that MIG grazing increased soil carbon content, especially in fields with lower initial soil carbon. Modeled simulations also indicated that soil physio-chemical status had a greater impact on carbon storage than grazing intensity, with continuous grazing leading to a decline in soil carbon.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrew L. Robison, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Clarice R. Perryman, Annie R. Cotter, Jessica E. Mackay, Ruth K. Varner, Paige Clarizia, Jessica G. Ernakovich
Summary: Inland waters, especially small streams, play a significant role in methane emissions to the atmosphere. This study investigates the emission pathways, microbial production and oxidation, and isotopic signature of methane in four lowland headwater streams. The findings suggest that diffusive emissions account for the majority of methane emissions in these streams, and methane oxidation is prevalent, depleting half of the dissolved methane pool. The study proposes a conceptual model of methane production, oxidation, and emission in small streams, highlighting their unique characteristics compared to other aquatic ecosystems.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
N. Niloufar Kashi, Erik A. Hobbie, Ruth K. Varner, Adam S. Wymore, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Reiner Giesler
Summary: Permafrost thaw releases nutrients and metals that affect methane production and oxidation. Plant community, nutrient stoichiometry, and metal availability modulate how permafrost thaw affects methane production and oxidation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rachel M. Wilson, Moira A. Hough, Brittany A. Verbeke, Suzanne B. Hodgkins, Jeff P. Chanton, Scott D. Saleska, Virginia Rich, Malak M. Tfaily, Gene Tyson, Matthew B. Sullivan, Eoin Brodie, William J. Riley, Ben Woodcroft, Carmody McCalley, Sky C. Dominguez, Patrick M. Crill, Ruth K. Varner, Steve Frolking, William T. Cooper
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between plant tissue chemistry and soil organic matter (SOM) in an Arctic peatland, and its impact on carbon emissions. The results show that the quality of organic matter differs between different plant species and is influenced by vegetation shifts and moisture levels. The findings highlight the importance of vegetation changes in peatlands in controlling carbon emissions under climate change.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lillian E. Naimie, Amy P. Sullivan, K. B. Benedict, Anthony J. Prenni, B. C. Sive, Bret A. Schichtel, Emily Fischer, Ilana Pollack, Jeffrey Collett
Summary: The study conducted in Carlsbad Caverns National Park in 2019 aimed to examine the impact of regional sources on air quality, including urban emissions, oil and gas development, wildfires, and soil dust. The findings revealed that sulfate, soil dust, and black carbon were the major contributors to visibility impairment, with transport from the southeast direction, where oil and gas development is dense, having the worst impact.
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Anthony J. Prenni, Katherine B. Benedict, Derek E. Day, Barkley C. Sive, Yong Zhou, Lilly Naimie, Kristi A. Gebhart, Tracy Dombek, Miranda De Boskey, Nicole P. Hyslop, Emily Spencer, Quayle M. Chew, Jeffrey L. Collett, Bret A. Schichtel
Summary: Dinosaur National Monument in the Uinta Basin often experiences high levels of wintertime ground-level ozone and haze pollution. The pollution is mainly caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from regional oil and gas development, as well as temperature inversions, persistent snow cover, and abundant ammonia. Reducing NOx emissions can improve haze levels and visibility in winter.
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Clarice R. Perryman, Carmody K. McCalley, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Louis J. Lamit, Joanne H. Shorter, Erik Lilleskov, Ruth K. Varner
Summary: Water table depth and vegetation are key factors controlling methane emissions from peatlands. This study found that microtopography plays a significant role in belowground methane cycling, with different microforms exhibiting distinct microbial processes. Water table depth was found to have a stronger influence on methane cycling than vegetation, indicating its importance in regulating belowground methane dynamics.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shaun Watmough, Spencer Gilbert-Parkes, Nathan Basiliko, Louis J. Lamit, Erik A. Lilleskov, Roxanne Andersen, Jhon Del Aguila-Pasquel, Rebekka E. Artz, Brian W. Benscoter, Werner Borken, Luca Bragazza, Stefani M. Brandt, Suzanna L. Brauer, Michael A. Carson, Xin Chen, Rodney A. Chimner, Bev R. Clarkson, Alexander R. Cobb, Andrea S. Enriquez, Jenny Farmer, Samantha P. Grover, Charles F. Harvey, Lorna Harris, Christina Hazard, Alison M. Hoyt, John Hribljan, Jyrki Jauhiainen, Sari Juutinen, Evan S. Kane, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Randy Kolka, Mari Kononen, Anna M. Laine, Tuula Larmola, Patrick A. Levasseur, Carmody K. McCalley, Jim McLaughlin, Tim R. Moore, Nadia Mykytczuk, Anna E. Normand, Virginia Rich, Bryce Robinson, Danielle L. Rupp, Jasmine Rutherford, Christopher W. Schadt, Dave S. Smith, Graeme Spiers, Leho Tedersoo, Pham Q. Thu, Carl C. Trettin, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Merritt Turetsky, Zuzana Urbanova, Ruth K. Varner, Mark P. Waldrop, Meng Wang, Zheng Wang, Matt Warren, Magdalena M. Wiedermann, Shanay T. Williams, Joseph B. Yavitt, Zhi-Guo Yu, Geoff Zahn
Summary: Carbon and nitrogen concentrations vary among different peatland categories, but depth does not have a significant impact on the chemical composition within each category. The study shows that carbon and organic matter concentrations can be predicted based on broadly classified peatland categories, which is important for future research on global peatland carbon and nitrogen stocks.
Article
Ecology
Sparkle L. Malone, Youmi Oh, Kyle A. Arndt, George Burba, Roisin Commane, Alexandra R. Contosta, Jordan P. Goodrich, Henry W. Loescher, Gregory Starr, Ruth K. Varner
Summary: Understanding the sources and sinks of methane is crucial for predicting and mitigating climate change. The United States needs to establish a multi-scale observation network to study the flux of biogenic methane. By analyzing variables such as climate, land cover, and location, priority areas for research infrastructure can be identified.
