Review
Andrology
Tushar Aditya Narain, Prasanna Sooriakumaran
Summary: PSA is a well-known biomarker used for screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of prostate cancer patients. Due to its limitations, newer blood and urinary biomarkers have been evaluated to improve detection and risk stratification. A combination of these markers, clinical risk factors, and advances in imaging offer the potential for better diagnostic performance and clearer risk stratification to guide therapeutics.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul F. Pinsky, Howard Parnes
Summary: Screening for prostate cancer should take into consideration the risks and benefits. PSA screening can reduce prostate cancer deaths, but the reduction is small. Follow-up tests such as biopsy and MRI may be needed for individuals with elevated PSA levels. Patients with low-risk or favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer may choose active surveillance over immediate curative treatment. Surgery and radiation therapy have good outcomes but can lead to complications.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
K. Stinesen Kollberg, E. Holmberg, A. Josefsson, J. Hugosson, R. Arnsrud Godtman
Summary: The aim of this study was to describe the level of pre-testing and contamination in the Goteborg-1 prostate cancer screening trial. The results showed that similar proportions of men were prostate specific antigen-tested in both the screening group and control group, yet only a minority of contamination prostate specific antigens led to biopsy. Organized screening was found to be more effective in reducing prostate cancer mortality than non-organized testing.
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Idris Olasunmbo Ola, Kirsi Talala, Teuvo Tammela, Kimmo Taari, Teemu Murtola, Paula Kujala, Jani Raitanen, Anssi Auvinen
Summary: PSA-based screening can reduce prostate cancer mortality, but may also lead to overdetection of low-risk disease. The incidence of prostate cancer is associated with PSA levels, with higher PSA values indicating an increased risk of aggressive disease. Risk stratification and appropriate rescreening intervals can help reduce overdetection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Danielle S. Bitterman, Ming-Hui Chen, Jing Wu, Andrew A. Renshaw, Marian Loffredo, Philip W. Kantoff, Eric J. Small, Anthony V. D'Amico
Summary: This study found that low testosterone level at PSA failure in high-risk patients with PC treated with RT is associated with increased PCSM and ACM risk, and that higher PSAn is also associated with worse PCSM and ACM risk, especially in men with normal testosterone levels at PSA failure.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yanbo Wang, Mingyang Wang, Haipeng Yu, Ge Wang, Pengxin Ma, Shuang Pang, Yiming Jiao, Aihua Liu
Summary: PSA is an important index for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a biopanning method for PSA was established using a pIII phage display library. Two phage monoclonal antibodies specific to PSA were obtained, and an ELISA system was constructed for detecting tPSA with high accuracy.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Sebastiaan Remmers, Chris H. Bangma, Rebecka A. Godtman, Sigrid. Carlsson, Anssi Auvinen, Teuvo L. J. Tammela, Louis J. Denis, Vera Nelen, Arnauld Villers, Xavier Rebillard, Maciej Kwiatkowski, Franz Recker, Stephen Wyler, Marco Zappa, Donella Puliti, Giuseppe Gorini, Alvaro Paez, Marcos Lujan, Daan Nieboer, Fritz H. Schroeder, Monique J. Roobol
Summary: Based on the guidelines of the European Association of Urology, a risk-based strategy for prostate cancer screening should be determined by the first prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and age. In this study, the baseline PSA level was found to guide decisions on the repeat screening interval and had an impact on prostate cancer detection and specific mortality rates.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Linda Kachuri, Thomas J. Hoffmann, Yu Jiang, Sonja I. Berndt, John P. Shelley, Kerry R. Schaffer, Mitchell J. Machiela, Neal D. Freedman, Wen-Yi Huang, Shengchao A. Li, Ryder Easterlin, Phyllis J. Goodman, Cathee Till, Ian Thompson, Hans Lilja, Stephen K. Van Den Eeden, Stephen J. Chanock, Christopher A. Haiman, David V. Conti, Robert J. Klein, Jonathan D. Mosley, Rebecca E. Graff, John S. Witte
Summary: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer remains controversial due to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. However, accounting for genetic determinants of PSA variation may improve screening accuracy.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rabia Khan, Fareeha Arshad, Israr U. Hassan, Gowhar A. Naikoo, Mona Z. Pedram, Mohammed Saeedi, Hamed Pourfarzad, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Angel Serrando-Aroca, Yusuf Haggag, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Martin Birkett, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: Prostate cancer is a common health hazard for men around the world, but rapid screening techniques and the use of nanomaterials in immunoassays have improved detection accuracy and diagnosis for prostate cancer.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Ivo I. de Vos, Annick Meertens, Renee Hogenhout, Sebastiaan Remmers, Monique J. Roobol
Summary: This study concludes that PSA-based screening for prostate cancer can reduce metastasis and mortality. The longer the follow-up, the greater the reduction in deaths and metastasis. The study also suggests that starting screening between the ages of 70 and 74 is not effective and repeated screenings are necessary.
Article
Oncology
Michael V. Sherer, Edmund M. Qiao, Nikhil V. Kotha, Alexander S. Qian, Brent S. Rose
Summary: PSA screening is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality among both non-Hispanic Black men and non-Hispanic White men. Annual screening is particularly important for reducing the risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality among Black men.
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Peter C. Albertsen
Summary: PSA testing can identify men with significant prostate cancer, but may also lead to overdiagnosis of indolent tumors. Using germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms to identify men at genetic risk of developing prostate cancer could be a promising approach, but changing the current screening paradigm poses challenges based on preliminary findings.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
Ashley Kieran Clift, Carol A. C. Coupland, Julia Hippisley-Cox
Summary: The study evaluated the rates of PSA testing and opportunistic screening in England between 1998 and 2017, finding a substantial number of men opt in to opportunistic prostate cancer screening despite uncertainties, and estimated the contamination rate in the CAP trial.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Tomi Pakarainen, Jaakko Nevalainen, Kirsi Talala, Kimmo Taari, Jani Raitanen, Paula Kujala, Ulf-Hakan Stenman, Teuvo L. J. Tammela, Anssi Auvinen
Summary: The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer has shown that PSA-based screening can reduce prostate cancer mortality by 20% and lower the risk of advanced PC. Screening participation was found to increase the incidence of low-risk PC with the number of screens, while no clear relation was observed in intermediate and high-risk cases. Repeated screening is necessary to achieve the benefits of screening.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Sigrid Carlsson, Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman, Carl-Gustav Pihl, Andrew Vickers, Hans Lilja, Jonas Hugosson, Marianne Mansson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the age at first prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the reduction in prostate cancer mortality risk. The results showed that starting screening at a younger age was associated with a greater reduction in prostate cancer mortality risk. It is recommended that PSA screening should start no later than age 55.