Journal
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages 703-707Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1478-x
Keywords
Primary esophageal motility disorders; Esophageal achalasia; Diffuse esophageal spasm; Nutcracker esophagus; Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter; Esophageal manometry; Minimally invasive surgery
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Achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus, and the hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter are considered primary esophageal motility disorder. These disorders are characterized by esophageal dysmotility that is responsible for the symptoms. While there is today a reasonable consensus about the pathophysiology, the diagnosis, and the treatment of achalasia, this has not occurred for the other disorders. A careful evaluation is therefore necessary before an operation is considered.
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