Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Justin C. Bui, Eric W. Lees, Lalit M. Pant, Iryna V. Zenyuk, Alexis T. Bell, Adam Z. Weber
Summary: Electrochemical synthesis using renewable energy to convert feedstocks into chemicals and fuels is promising, but understanding phenomena in porous electrode systems is challenging. Continuum modeling aids in understanding observed behaviors and guiding next-generation device design. Simulating multiscale phenomena in porous electrodes helps understand and improve the performance of electrochemical synthesis devices.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bolong Yang, Qing Han, Linkai Han, Yiming Leng, Thomas O'Carroll, Xiaoxuan Yang, Gang Wu, Zhonghua Xiang
Summary: Nitrogen-coordinated single-cobalt-atom electrocatalysts have emerged as a new frontier in the design of oxygen reduction cathodes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. This study demonstrates the direct preparation of a highly stable cross-linked nanofiber electrode with atomic Co active sites fully dispersed on the catalyst surface.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
David Bernhard, Thomas Kadyk, Sebastian Kirsch, Hannes Scholz, Ulrike Krewer
Summary: This work presents a model for predicting and analyzing voltage losses in proton exchange membrane fuel cells during accelerated stress testing. The model consists of two submodels - one describing the degradation of the catalyst active surface using a statistical physics-based approach, and another incorporating the degradation of catalyst activity. The model allows the description of catalyst surface reduction, changes in Tafel slope and exchange current density, and voltage losses.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
L. Padilla Urbina, J. Liu, N. Semagina, M. Secanell
Summary: Inkjet printing is a feasible technique for the fabrication of electrode in unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) and the study of optimal ionomer and catalyst loading. A physical mixture of Pt, IrOx, and Nafion ionomer was directly inkjet printed on a Nafion membrane to create bifunctional oxygen electrodes with varying loading for a URFC. The results show that the optimal electrode requires low ionomer loading and significantly less IrOx catalyst than platinum.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuai Shi, Xianglong Wen, Qinqin Sang, Shuai Yin, Kaili Wang, Jian Zhang, Min Hu, Huiming Yin, Jia He, Yi Ding
Summary: Designing catalyst layers with high proton conductivity in membrane electrode assemblies is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The use of an ultrathin Pt-decorated nanoporous gold catalyst layer has been shown to significantly improve proton conduction and achieve excellent power density in carbon-free electrodes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhuang Rao, Deyu Zhu, You Xu, Minqiu Lan, Lipei Jiang, Zhengyun Wang, Beibei Tang, Hongfang Liu
Summary: In this study, a high-efficiency proton-conducting accelerator, CNT@ZSNW-1, was constructed by growing SNW-1 onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and subsequently functionalizing with zwitterions. The composite PEM with CNT@ZSNW-1 displayed significantly improved proton conductivity and power density compared to recast Nafion. This study provides a potential reference for the development of functionalized CPMs to expedite proton transfer in PEMs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhuang Rao, Deyu Zhu, You Xu, Minqiu Lan, Lipei Jiang, Zhengyun Wang, Beibei Tang, Hongfang Liu
Summary: An interconnected and zwitterion-functionalized covalent porous material (CPM) based on carbon nanotubes and a Schiff-base network (CNT@ZSNW-1) is developed as a highly efficient proton-conductive accelerator. The CNT@ZSNW-1 structure offers additional proton-conducting sites and promotes water retention capacity, leading to enhanced proton conductivity and peak power density in a composite proton-exchange membrane (PEM) with Nafion. This study provides a potential reference for the design and preparation of functionalized CPMs to expedite proton transfer in PEMs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haoran Yu, Michael J. Zachman, Kimberly S. Reeves, Jae Hyung Park, Nancy N. Kariuki, Leiming Hu, Rangachary Mukundan, Kenneth C. Neyerlin, Deborah J. Myers, David A. Cullen
Summary: Nanoparticles are important materials with unique properties due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows direct visualization of composition and morphology of nanoparticles with atomic precision. However, traditional manual STEM measurements have limitations in sample size, while automated STEM techniques enable high-resolution characterization of nanoparticle properties at sub-micron length scales.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Liyu Zhu, Huatai Zhu, Luying Wang, Jiandu Lei, Jing Liu
Summary: In order to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the development of stable and high-performance ion-conducting materials is of great significance in various energy storage and conversion devices. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are considered a promising alternative due to their tunable structure, well-defined pores, and thermal/chemical stability. This review provides a comprehensive summary and discussion on the prospects and challenges of proton-conducting COFs, including design strategies, proton conducting mechanisms, structure-function relationships, and research applications. The report also presents theoretical simulations, advanced structural characterizations, and future prospects and challenges in detail.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
David Bernhard, Thomas Kadyk, Ulrike Krewer, Sebastian Kirsch
Summary: In this study, proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes were degraded using accelerated stress tests. The analysis showed that unspecified voltage losses exist not only at high current densities, but already at low current densities, and these losses increase linearly with decreasing half cell voltage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Basudev Choudhury, Bharatkumar Suthar
Summary: Characterizing the through-plane inhomogeneity in porous media is important for understanding transport processes in batteries and fuel cells. This study extends the impedance-based approach to characterize the inhomogeneity of a porous electrode and provides analytical expressions and approximate solutions for impedance response. The applicability of this theory is demonstrated through an impedance-based experimental investigation of gas diffusion media.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kang Geng, Hongying Tang, Qing Ju, Huidong Qian, Nanwen Li
Summary: A novel symmetric sponge-like porous poly[2,2'-(4,4'-oxybis(1,4-phenylene))-5,5-bibenzimidazolesl (OPBI) membrane for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells was successfully fabricated, showing enhanced proton conductivity and dimensional stability compared to dense membranes. The porous membrane exhibited low gas crossover and high peak power density, despite lower single cell durability due to leaching of PA, making it a promising candidate for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Further research is aimed at improving PA retention by adjusting pore size and structure.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jialin Bai, Shaojie Ke, Jie Song, Kun Wang, Chaoyong Sun, Jiakun Zhang, Meiling Dou
Summary: This study demonstrates a successful surface engineering approach to achieve high activity and durability of Pt-based cathode catalysts for PEMFCs. The modified catalyst shows superior durability and oxygen reduction reaction activity, outperforming commercial Pt/C. It also exhibits excellent performance and long-term durability in practical PEMFC applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meng Wang, Chao Su, Zhonghua Zhu, Hao Wang, Lei Ge
Summary: The article discusses the design principles and materials of protonic ceramic fuel cells and their composite cathodes, exploring the advantages and challenges of operating at low temperatures, with a focus on the importance of high-performance cathode materials.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Thanigaivelan Arumugham, Noel Jacob Kaleekkal, Sruthi Gopal, Jenny Nambikkattu, K. Rambabu, Ahmed Mamdouh Aboulella, S. Ranil Wickramasinghe, Fawzi Banat
Summary: The development of porous ceramic membranes has provided a sustainable and efficient solution for clean water supply, particularly in wastewater treatment and desalination applications. These membranes exhibit excellent properties such as hydrophilicity, low fouling, ease of cleaning, and robust performance in harsh conditions.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaoti Cui, Soren Knudsen Kaer
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jimin Zhu, Samuel Simon Araya, Xiaoti Cui, Simon Lennart Sahlin, Soren Knudsen Kaer
Article
Energy & Fuels
Torsten Berning, Soren Knudsen Kaer
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiyan Li, Chungen Yin, Soren Knudsen Kaer, Thomas Condra
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Na Li, Samuel Simon Araya, Xiaoti Cui, Soren Knudsen Kaer
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiyan Li, Soren Knudsen Kaer, Thomas Condra, Chungen Yin
Summary: This article presents a complete and detailed gasification/smoldering model for a single biomass pellet, aiming to analyze the process through numerical modeling, experimental validation, and parameter investigation. The results show good agreement with experimental data and provide insights into the effects of important parameters on the model.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Na Li, Samuel Simon Araya, Soren Knudsen Kaer
Summary: Novel accelerated stress protocols based on polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization were proposed in this paper, using three single cell assemblies with different load conditions. Low load cycling operation could accelerate cell performance decrease, while high load cycling operation could improve cell performance but degrade the anode catalyst, potentially compromising long-term stability. It is believed that the dynamic condition could accelerate cell aging by accelerating membrane thinning.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaoti Cui, Soren Knudsen Kaer, Mads Pagh Nielsen
Summary: This study investigated the methanol synthesis and distillation processes for pilot-scale green methanol production through dynamic modeling, finding differences in energy efficiency during load change operations and relatively small fluctuations achieved with a 1-hour ramp rate. Surrogate modeling for the MSD process using the NARX model exhibited good accuracy and can be further integrated with models for other sections of the power-to-methanol process.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jimin Zhu, Samuel Simon Araya, Xiaoti Cui, Soren Knudsen
Summary: A pseudo-homogeneous model for the methanol steam reforming process was developed to study the reaction kinetics, heat and mass transfer performances, and effectiveness factors. The results indicate that the methanol and CO concentrations in the reformate stream can be reduced to the desired range by optimizing the operating conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Theis Loye Skafte, Omid Babaie Rizvandi, Anne Lyck Smitshuysen, Henrik Lund Frandsen, Jens Valdemar Thorvald Hogh, Anne Hauch, Soren Knudsen Kaer, Samuel Simon Araya, Christopher Graves, Mogens Bjerg Mogensen, Soren Hojgaard Jensen
Summary: A novel operation method is proposed to alleviate temperature variations and minimize degradation caused by impurities and nickel migration in SOEC technology. By rapidly switching between electrolysis mode and fuel cell mode, a flat thermal profile is obtained, enabling increased SOEC stack and module size and extended lifetime.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Seyed Saeed Madani, Erik Schaltz, Soren Knudsen Kaer
Summary: The study utilized an isothermal battery calorimeter to investigate the thermal characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, revealing that the heat generation of lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion batteries is significantly affected by different state-of-charge levels and current rates during charge and discharge.
APPLIED SYSTEM INNOVATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Seyed Saeed Madani, Erik Schaltz, Soren Knudsen Kaer
Summary: This research addressed the issue of improving the lifespan and safety of lithium-ion battery cells by using mechanical design features and testing the performance under pressure. Results of battery testing under pressure showed that applying external pressure may substantially increase ion transport resistance, leading to an increase in resistance.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Soren Byg Vilsen, Soren Knudsen Kaer, Daniel-Ioan Stroe
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Electrochemistry
Seyed Saeed Madani, Erik Schaltz, Soren Knudsen Kaer
Article
Electrochemistry
Seyed Saeed Madani, Erik Schaltz, Soren Knudsen Kaer
