☆ 4.3 Article

Heel-Ball (HB) Index: Sexual Dimorphism of a New Index from Foot Dimensions

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2012)

Journal

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES

Volume 57, Issue 1, Pages 172-175

Publisher

WILEY

DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01960.x

Keywords

forensic science; forensic anthropology; forensic podiatry; sex determination; foot dimensions; Heel-ball index

Categories

Medicine, Legal

Funding

Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

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Abstract

The present research is aimed to introduce Heelball (HB) index from foot dimensions and determine whether this index exhibits sexual dimorphism. The study was conducted on a sample of 303 North Indian individuals (154 men, and 149 women) aged between 13 and 18 years. The stature, body weight, foot breadth at the ball (BBAL), and foot breadth at heel (BHEL) were measured. The HB index was derived by the formula BHEL x 100/BBAL. Although the mean HB index was larger in women in both feet it showed statistically significant sex differences in the right foot only. The study shows that while the foot dimensions show a positive correlation with stature and weight, the HB index is independent of the stature and weight of an individual. This novel index (HB index) may be utilized in sex determination when a part of the foot is brought for medico-legal investigation.

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Article Rheumatology

Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Rachel J. Black, Marita Cross, Lydia M. Haile, Garland Culbreth, Jaimie Steinmetz, Hailey Hagins, Jacek A. Kopec, Peter M. Brooks, Anthony Woolf, Kanyin Liane Ong, Deborah R. Kopansky-Giles, Karsten E. Dreinhoefer, Neil Betteridge, Amirali Aali, Mitra Abbasifard, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Ame Mehadi Abdurehman, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Kidist Adamu, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Ayman Ahmed, Janardhana P. Aithala, Meisam Akhlaghdoust, Astawus Alemayehu, Saba Alvand, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Hubert Amu, Benny Antony, Jalal Arabloo, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Judie Arulappan, Tahira Ashraf, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sina Azadnajafabad, Alaa Badawi, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Atif Amin Baig, Asaminew Birhanu Balta, Maciej Banach, Palash Chandra Banik, Amadou Barrow, Azadeh Bashiri, Lindsay M. Bearne, Alehegn Bekele, Isabela M. Bensenor, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja, Saeid Bitaraf, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Joao Silva Botelho, Andrew M. Briggs, Rachelle Buchbinder, Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela, Periklis Charalampous, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Kaleb Coberly, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Katie de Luca, Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn, Gashaw Dessie, Meghnath Dhimal, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Paul Narh Doku, Hisham Atan Edinur, Michael Ekholuenetale, Muhammed Elhadi, Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Farshid Etaee, Rana Ezzeddini, Shahriar Faghani, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Takeshi Fukumoto, Balasankar Ganesan, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Urge Gerema, Motuma Erena Getachew, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Tiffany K. Gill, Bhawna Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Rabih Halwani, Md Abdul Hannan, Shafiul Haque, Netanja Harlianto, Mehdi Harorani, Ahmed Hasaballah, Mohammed Bheser Hassen, Simon Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Kamal Hezam, Catherine L. Hill, Yuta Hiraike, Nobuyuki Horita, Amir Human Hoveidaei, Alexander Kevin Hsiao, Evelyn Hsieh, Salman Hussain, Ivo Iavicoli, Irena M. Ilic, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Masao Iwagami, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Chinmay Jani, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Nitin Joseph, Vidya Kadashetti, Himal Kandel, Tesfaye K. Kanko, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Himanshu Khajuria, Md Jobair Khan, A. Moien Khan, Javad Khanali, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Jagdish Khubchandani, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Farzad Kompani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Mohammed Kuddus, Narinder Kumar, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Bagher Larijani, Stephen S. Lim, Justin Lo, Vanessa Sintra Machado, Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan, Azeem Majeed, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Ahmad Azam Malik, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Elezebeth Mathews, Jose Joao Mendes, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Tomislav Mestrovic, Seyed Peyman Mirghaderi, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Awoke Misganaw, Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Md Moniruzzaman, Ahmed Al Montasir, Getaneh Baye Mulu, Efren Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J. L. Murray, Ghulam Mustafa, Mohsen Naghavi, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Zuhair S. Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Subas Neupane, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, In-Hwan Oh, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Mayowa Owolabi, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Jay Patel, Aslam Ramjan Pathan, Shrikant Pawar, Paolo Pedersini, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Ibrahim Qattea, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Vahid Rahmanian, Vahid Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Salman Rawaf, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Nazila Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Abanoub Riad, Aly M. A. Saad, Basema Saddik, Umar Saeed, Azam Safary, Maryam Sahebazzamani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Amir Salek Farrokhi, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Allen Seylani, Saeed Shahabi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Bereket Beyene Shashamo, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K. Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Ehsan Sinaei, Ambrish Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Md Shahjahan Siraj, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Helen Slater, Amanda E. Smith, Yonatan Solomon, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Tabish, Ker-Kan Tan, Nathan Y. Tat, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Samar Tharwat, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R. Valdez, Rohollah Valizadeh, Siavash Vaziri, Stein Emil Vollset, Ai-Min Wu, Dereje Y. Yada, Sisay Shewasinad Yehualashet, Naohiro Yonemoto, Yuyi You, Ismaeel Yunusa, Moein Zangiabadian, Iman Zare, Armin Zarrintan, Zhi-iang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zoladl, Theo Vos, Lyn M. March.

Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with disability and premature death. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis has increased since 1990, while the mortality rate has decreased. It is projected that the number of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis will continue to increase by 2050.

LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY (2023)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Min Seo Kim, Jimin Hwang, Dong Keon Yon, Seung Won Lee, Se Yong Jung, Seoyeon Park, Catherine Owens Johnson, Benjamin A. Stark, Christian Razo, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Hedayat Abbastabar, Amir Parsa Abhari, Victor Aboyans, Denberu Eshetie Adane Adane, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Fares Alahdab, Sami Almustanyir, Hany Aly, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Jason A. Anderson, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Zahra Aryan, Avinash Aujayeb, Sara Bagherieh, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Maciej Banach, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Lindsay M. Bearne, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Isabela M. Bensenor, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Vivek Bhat, Boris Bikbov, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Katrin Burkart, Luis Alberto Camera, Alberico L. Catapano, Eeshwar K. Chandrasekar, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Gerald Chi, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Massimo Cirillo, Kaleb Coberly, Vera Marisa Costa, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Thanh Chi Do, Rajkumar Doshi, Michael Ekholuenetale, Islam Y. Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Alireza Feizkhah, Ginenus Fekadu, Paramjit Singh Gill, Mohamad Goldust, Mahaveer Golechha, Shi-Yang Guan, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Mostafa Hadei, Najah R. Hadi, Ahmad Hammoud, Graeme J. Hankey, Netanja Harlianto, Ahmed Hasaballah, Shoaib Hassan, Mohammed Bheser Hassen, Golnaz Heidari, Mihaela Hostiuc, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Masao Iwagami, Mohammad Jokar, Jost B. Jonas, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Sina Kazemian, Mohammad Keykhaei, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Moien A. B. Khan, Sorour Khateri, Biruk Getahun Kibret, Oleksii Korzh, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Kewal Krishan, Akshay Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Tri Laksono, Bagher Larijani, Thao Thi Thu Le, Stephen S. Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Stefan Lorkowski, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Kashish Malhotra, Yosef Manla, Andrea Maugeri, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Awoke Misganaw, Manish Mishra, Yousef Mohammad, Ali H. Mokdad, Mohammad Ali Moni, Ahmed Al Montasir, Yousef Moradi, Paula Moraga, Negar Morovatdar, Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas, Christopher J. L. Murray, Mohsen Naghavi, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Hasan Nassereldine, Zuhair S. Natto, Dang H. Nguyen, Hien Quang Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Glaucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Norberto Perico, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Amir Radfar, Quinn Rafferty, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Pradhum Ram, Sina Rashedi, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Salman Rawaf, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Malihe Rezaee, Leonardo Roever, Aly M. A. Saad, Seyedmohammad Saadatagah, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohamed A. Saleh, Abdallah M. Samy, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Allen Seylani, Sadaf Sharfaei, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Jasvinder A. Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Michael Spartalis, Johan Sundstrom, Ker-Kan Tan, Masayuki Teramoto, Samar Tharwat, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Jef Van den Eynde, Priya Vart, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Ronny Westerman, Juan Xia, Suowen Xu, Dereje Y. Yada, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mazyar Zahir, Moein Zangiabadian, Armin Zarrintan, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Mohammad Zoladl, Simon Hay, Jae Il Shin, Gregory A. Roth

Summary: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem globally. This study used the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study database to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends. The findings highlight the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors to mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2023)

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