Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andre Paradis, Marie-France Beaudet, Marianne Boisvert Moreau, Caroline Huot
Summary: This study describes an outbreak of Salmonella infection in Quebec, with 67 cases identified, 66% of which were directly linked to a restaurant. The investigation found that the restaurant's kitchen drains were contaminated with the same strain of Salmonella as the cases. After repeated cleaning and disinfection, the outbreak ceased. The occurrence of a fire in the kitchen may have played a role in the contamination of the drains. Drainage systems and bacteria aerosolization should be considered as potential sources of restaurant-related Salmonella outbreaks.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Erin Jenkins, Ifueko Gardenhire, Brooke M. Whitney, Krystalyn B. Martin, Colin Schwensohn, Laura Gieraltowski, Molly M. Leeper, Vivien McCurdy, Monica McClure, Allison Wellman, Arthur Pightling, Michelle Smith, Angela Swinford, Lisa Hainstock, Alvin J. Crosby, Michael C. Bazaco, Stelios Viazis
Summary: In 2020, there was an outbreak of Salmonella Newport infections in the United States linked to melons from southwest Indiana, resulting in 80 ill persons and 18 hospitalizations reported across 15 states. The investigation was unable to determine whether the vehicle for the infections was cantaloupe alone or both cantaloupe and watermelons. This outbreak highlights the need for further efforts to identify the source and extent of environmental contamination in the melon growing region and promote farm practices to reduce pathogen contamination of melons.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Amelia A. Keaton, Colin A. Schwensohn, Joshua M. Brandenburg, Evelyn Pereira, Brandon Adcock, Selam Tecle, Rachel Hinnenkamp, Jeff Havens, Kim Bailey, Brad Applegate, Pamela Whitney, Deborah Gibson, Kathy Manion, Michelle Griffin, Joy Ritter, Carrie Biskupiak, Kadri Ajileye, Mugdha Golwalkar, Michael Gosciminski, Brendalee Viveiros, Genevieve Caron, Laine McCullough, Lori Smith, Eshaw Vidyaprakash, Matthew Doyle, Cerise Hardy, Elisa L. Elliot, Laura B. Gieraltowski
Summary: Between May and September 2018, a multistate outbreak caused by an uncommon molecular subtype of Salmonella Mbandaka occurred in the United States. Out of 136 cases, 35 resulted in hospitalizations but no deaths were reported. Investigation revealed that 63 individuals had consumed or possibly consumed a specific sweetened puffed wheat cereal before falling ill.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Helen E. Benson, Lucy Reeve, Lucy Findlater, Amoolya Vusirikala, Maaike Pietzsch, Oluwakemi Olufon, Eve Matthews, Ann Hoban, Anais Painset, Sooria Incident Management Team, Sooria Balasegaram, Lesley Larkin, Sarah Weir, Ellen Heinsbroek
Summary: We present a cluster of Salmonella Enteriditis in England, which is part of a global cluster of S. Enteritidis ST11. A total of 47 confirmed cases have been investigated, with 25 cases linked to a restaurant. Additionally, there were 18 probable cases with restaurant exposure. Epidemiological investigations pointed to eggs or chicken as the likely cause of the outbreak, with ongoing food chain investigations pointing to imported eggs from Poland.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Troy A. Laidlow, Russell Stafford, Amy Jennison, Robert Bell, Rikki Graham, Trudy Graham, Natasha Musgrave, Mark Myerson, Nina Kung, Allison Crook, Qinning Wang, Alun Richards, Stephen B. Lambert
Summary: This study investigated a zoonotic outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in Australia in 2020. The investigation identified contact with live poultry as a common risk factor, and traced the outbreak to backyard poultry exposure and potential contamination in produce/pet stores. This is the first documented widespread outbreak of zoonotic salmonellosis in Australia caused by backyard poultry exposure.
ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Colin Schwensohn, Johnson Nsubuga, Laura Cronquist, Gino Jose, Laura Mastel, Laine McCullough, Lori Smith, Melissa Powell, Hillary Booth, Krisandra Allen, Andrew Classon, Laura Gieraltowski
Summary: In early 2018, a nationwide Salmonella outbreak linked to contaminated kratom was investigated. The outbreak affected 199 cases from 41 states, with 54 patients requiring hospitalization. This investigation established kratom as a vehicle for Salmonella infection, highlighting the safety concerns of minimally processed botanical substances intended for oral consumption.
FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Johnson Nsubuga, Joseph Baugher, Elizabeth Dahl, Colin Schwensohn, Tyann Blessington, Ryan Aguillon, Brooke Whitney, Shawn Goldman, Max Brewster, Jason Humbert, Alvin Crosby, Laura Gieraltowski, Lauren Shade Singleton, Jeffrey Hilgendorf
Summary: During spring 2018, there was a multistate outbreak of gastrointestinal illnesses in the United States caused by Salmonella serovars associated with the consumption of kratom. The outbreak resulted in hospitalizations but no deaths. Investigations revealed widespread contamination of kratom products, leading to recalls by multiple companies.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Min Jiang, Chao Yang, Patrick S. L. Kwan, Liping Zhang, Hang Fan, Yujuan Jin, Lifang Sun, Hongyu Chen, Baisheng Li, Qiuxia Chen, Yarong Wu, Yan Guo, Yuanguo Shi, Min Liao, Xiaolu Shi, Jianping Liu, Lijuan Jiang, Rui Cai, Yinhua Deng, Qun Sun, Ruifu Yang, Qiaoli Zhang, Yujun Cui, Qinghua Hu
Summary: On September 21, 2019, a large cluster of suspected gastroenteritis involving primarily children was reported in Shenzhen and Dongguan, China. Prompt joint outbreak response and multidisciplinary cooperation led to the identification of eggs served as sandwiches as the source of the outbreak. Whole-genome analyses and genomic source tracing revealed the transmission dynamics of the Salmonella Enteritidis clone through a multi-provincial egg distribution network. The efficient coordination of approaches in this outbreak was unprecedented in China and successfully intervened in a large cross-jurisdiction Salmonella outbreak.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Victoria Osasah, Yvonne Whitfield, Janica Adams, Affan Danish, Richard Mather, Mehdi Aloosh
Summary: From May to mid-August 2021, a Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak occurred in Ontario, Canada, linked to consumption of seasoned tofu from a specific manufacturer. Investigations revealed unsanitary conditions and insufficient heating during production as potential causes of cross-contamination and pathogen survival. Tofu was identified as a novel outbreak-associated food vehicle for S. Typhimurium.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Victoria Osasah, Yvonne Whitfield, Janica Adams, Affan Danish, Richard Mather, Mehdi Aloosh
Summary: From May to mid-August 2021, there was an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections in Ontario, Canada, with 38 patients affected. Investigation revealed that the outbreak was linked to consumption of ready-to-eat seasoned tofu from multiple Ontario restaurants. The unsanitary conditions and insufficient heating of the tofu during production were identified as possible causes of the outbreak. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency issued a food recall for the affected tofu.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Megin Nichols, Lauren Gollarza, Donald Sockett, Nicole Aulik, Elisabeth Patton, Louise K. Francois Watkins, Kelly J. Gambino-Shirley, Jason P. Folster, Jessica C. Chen, Kaitlin A. Tagg, Gregory Sean Stapleton, Eija Trees, Zachary Ellison, Jason Lombard, Brenda Morningstar-Shaw, Linda Schlater, Lina Elbadawi, Rachel Klos
Summary: This article describes a multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg outbreak from 2016 to 2018 in the United States. Through tracing patient exposure and calf purchase information, researchers found a close genetic relationship between human, bovine, and environmental isolates from the livestock market. Most isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the importance of surveillance in animal populations to prevent zoonotic disease transmission.
FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sarah A. Hamer, Ria R. Ghai, Italo B. Zecca, Lisa D. Auckland, Christopher M. Roundy, Edward Davila, Rachel E. Busselman, Wendy Tang, Alex Pauvolid-Correa, Mary Lea Killian, Melinda Jenkins-Moore, Mia Kim Torchetti, Suelee Robbe Austerman, Ailam Lim, Yao Akpalu, Rebecca S. B. Fischer, Casey Barton Behravesh, Gabriel L. Hamer
Summary: Two pets, a dog and a cat from the same household in Texas, were confirmed to be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant after their owner tested positive for COVID-19. This is the first detection of the B.1.1.7 variant in companion animals in the United States.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Daniel R. Feikin, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Nick Andrews, Mary-Ann Davies, Melissa M. Higdon, Walter A. Orenstein, Minal K. Patel
Summary: The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has lower and faster waning vaccine effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease compared to previous variants. Assessing vaccine effectiveness against severe omicron disease using hospital admission as a measure has become challenging due to the attenuated severity of omicron and its high infection prevalence. Using more specific definitions for severe respiratory Covid-19 disease and evaluating vaccine effectiveness against progression to hospitalization or severe disease showed higher vaccine protection. These approaches can better characterize vaccine performance against severe Covid-19 disease caused by omicron and future variants.
Article
Pathology
Jana M. Ritter, Tais M. Wilson, Joy M. Gary, Josilene N. Seixas, Roosecelis B. Martines, Julu Bhatnagar, Brigid C. Bollweg, Elizabeth Lee, Lindsey Estetter, Luciana Silva-Flannery, Hannah A. Bullock, Jonathan S. Towner, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Natalie M. Wendling, Brian R. Amman, Robert R. Harvey, Dean Taylor, Hannah Rettler, Casey Barton Behravesh, Sherif R. Zaki
Summary: This study provides insights into the pathology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in mink, demonstrating the presence of the virus in the respiratory tissues and identifying its localization in different organs. The findings suggest that mink could serve as a potential animal model for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Natalie M. Wendling, Ann Carpenter, Amanda Liew, Ria R. Ghai, Nadia Gallardo-Romero, Robyn A. Stoddard, Ying Tao, Jing Zhang, Adam C. Retchless, Ausaf Ahmad, Paige Bunkley, Claire Godino, Matthew R. Mauldin, Kate Varela, Jana M. Ritter, Janemarie Hennebelle, Amanda Feldpausch, Julie Gabel, Markus H. Kainulainen, Owen Herzegh, Suxiang Tong, Jessica R. Spengler, Casey Barton Behravesh
Summary: This report highlights the different clinical presentations and immune responses in two SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant-positive dogs with similar exposure to a fully vaccinated human infected with SARS-CoV-2. It emphasizes the need for active surveillance and additional research on SARS-CoV-2 variant infections in companion animals and other species.
ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ria R. Ghai, Ryan M. Wallace, James C. Kile, Trevor R. Shoemaker, Antonio R. Vieira, Maria E. Negron, Sean Shadomy, Julie R. Sinclair, Grace W. Goryoka, Stephanie J. Salyer, Casey Barton Behravesh
Summary: Effectively preventing and controlling zoonotic diseases requires a One Health approach that involves collaboration across sectors responsible for human health, animal health, and the environment. The Generalizable One Health Framework (GOHF) provides a five-step structure for implementing zoonotic disease programs, along with a toolkit of existing resources. It also offers recommendations for implementing a One Health approach in technical domains to enhance capacity building and combat zoonotic disease threats.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Cielo Yaneth Rios-Hincapie, Rocio Murad-Rivera, Rania A. Tohme, Alba Maria Ropero, Bertha Gomez, Diana Librado Cardona, Brigitte Neffer Forest Duque, Diego Cuellar, Ivan Cardenas, Elisabeth Krow-Lucal, Kathleen Wannemuehler, Fernando de la Hoz Restrepo, Sandra Marcela Sanchez-Molano, Carlos Eugenio Delgado, Juan Carlos Rivillas-Garcia, Annemarie Wasley
Summary: A two-phase method was used to verify the elimination of HBV mother-to-child transmission in Colombia, identifying high-risk municipalities and conducting a household serosurvey of children. The results suggest that Colombia has likely achieved the goal of eliminating HBV transmission.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kate Varela, Jennifer A. Brown, Beth Lipton, John Dunn, Danielle Stanek, Casey Barton Behravesh, Helena Chapman, Terry H. Conger, Tiffany Vanover, Thomas Edling, Stacy Holzbauer, Angela M. Lennox, Scott Lindquist, Suzan Loerzel, Shelley Mehlenbacher, Mark Mitchell, Michael Murphy, Christopher W. Olsen, Cody M. Yager
VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Wiku B. Adisasmito, Salama Almuhairi, Casey Barton Behravesh, Pepe Bilivogui, Salome A. Bukachi, Natalia Casas, Natalia Cediel Becerra, Dominique F. Charron, Abhishek Chaudhary, Janice R. Ciacci Zanella, Andrew A. Cunningham, Osman Dar, Nitish Debnath, Baptiste Dungu, Elmoubasher Farag, George F. Gao, David T. S. Hayman, Margaret Khaitsa, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Catherine Machalaba, John S. Mackenzie, Wanda Markotter, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Serge Morand, Vyacheslav Smolenskiy, Lei Zhou
Review
Immunology
Ann Carpenter, Michelle A. Waltenburg, Aron Hall, James Kile, Marie Killerby, Barbara Knust, Maria Negron, Megin Nichols, Ryan M. Wallace, Casey Barton Behravesh, Jennifer H. McQuiston
Summary: Zoonotic diseases have a significant global impact, with economic losses, animal health and production impacts, and millions of human lives lost. Vaccination of both animals and humans is crucial in preventing inter-species transmission. However, current efforts to reduce the impact of zoonotic diseases through vaccination are often limited to veterinary and agricultural sectors and do not fully address the shared burden of the diseases. Multisectoral collaboration is needed to develop human and animal vaccines, expand vaccine use to include wildlife, and strategically use vaccines to interrupt complex transmission cycles. A One Health approach, including vaccination of both humans and animals, is critical in addressing zoonoses.
Article
Virology
Brian R. Amman, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Natalie M. Wendling, R. Reid Harvey, Hannah Rettler, Dean Taylor, Markus H. Kainulainen, Ausaf Ahmad, Paige Bunkley, Claire Godino, Suxiang Tong, Yan Li, Anna Uehara, Anna Kelleher, Jing Zhang, Brian Lynch, Casey Barton Behravesh, Jonathan S. Towner
Summary: Zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected humans to animals, specifically minks and cats, has been observed globally. In Utah, outbreaks on mink farms led to high mortality rates among the minks. Investigation revealed that both free-roaming and feral cats living near the farms were actively and previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. These cats frequently visited the mink sheds, moved around the affected farms, and even ventured into surrounding residential areas, potentially contributing to local spread of the virus.
Article
Immunology
Porcia Manandhar, Kathleen Wannemuehler, M. Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Laura Nic Lochlainn, Stephanie Shendale
Summary: This study assessed the use of the second-year-of-life (2YL) platform for catch-up vaccination in Pakistan, the Philippines, and South Africa. The results showed that these countries have increased vaccine coverage through catch-up vaccination in 2YL, but there are still missed opportunities for vaccination. Immunization programs need to change policies, practices, and monitor catch-up vaccination to maximize the potential.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Carla Vizzotti, Jennifer B. Harris, Analia Aquino, Carolina Rancano, Cristian Biscayart, Romina Bonaventura, Andrea Pontoriero, Elsa Baumeister, Maria Cecilia Freire, Mirta Magarinos, Blanca Duarte, Gavin Grant, Susan Reef, Janeen Laven, Kathleen A. Wannemuehler, Alba Maria Ropero Alvarez, J. Erin Staples
Summary: The study assessed the potential immune interference that could result from co-administration of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and yellow fever (YF) vaccines in childhood vaccination schedules. The results showed that co-administration of MMR and YF vaccines is effective, although antibody levels for two antigens were lower.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karol M. Pencina, Thomas G. Travison, Andrew S. Artz, A. Michael Lincoff, Steven E. Nissen, Panagiotis Flevaris, Anna Chan, Xue Li, Scott A. Diegel, Kathleen Wannemuehler, Shalender Bhasin
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in correcting anemia in men with hypogonadism and found that TRT was more effective than placebo in correcting anemia. Additionally, TRT was also found to reduce the risk of developing anemia in men without anemia.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Melissa M. Higdon, Anurima Baidya, Karoline K. Walter, Minal K. Patel, Hanane Issa, Emmanuelle Espie, Daniel R. Feikin, Maria Deloria Knoll
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel R. Feikin, Melissa M. Higdon, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Nick Andrews, Rafael Araos, Yair Goldberg, Michelle J. Groome, Amit Huppert, Katherine L. O'Brien, Peter G. Smith, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Scott Zeger, Maria Deloria Knoll, Minal K. Patel
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the duration of protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines against various clinical outcomes. The findings indicate that the effectiveness or efficacy of the vaccines decreased from 1 to 6 months after full vaccination, but remained high against severe disease. Evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of vaccines beyond 6 months is crucial for updating vaccine policies.