Editorial Material
Microbiology
T. Jarrod Smith, Caitlin H. Kowalski, Karen Guillemin
Summary: Microbes are able to manipulate hosts cleverly for their own benefit, but their actions are not always completely undetected. This study focuses on how Schistosoma mansoni eggs coordinate macrophage behaviors to promote the efficient transmission of mature eggs while keeping immature eggs hidden in plain sight.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Aaron M. T. Barnes, Kristi L. Frank, Gary M. Dunny
Summary: Enterococcus faecalis is a major opportunistic bacterial pathogen that can form stable biofilm colonies on undamaged surfaces, potentially allowing for undetected infection in asymptomatic individuals and serving as a reservoir for later clinical endocarditis. This ability to persist and hide in plain sight may contribute to the increasing clinical relevance of this pathogen in various host tissues.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Chandler Marrs, Derrick Lonsdale
Summary: Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is essential for mitochondrial energetics and energy production, but deficiency is common in modern life and poses significant health risks.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Stewart Shuman
Summary: This review discusses the discovery, mechanisms, and physiology of purposeful RNA break repair, highlighting several repair pathways, including tRNA restriction-repair and tRNA splicing, in which genetics has played a key role in elucidation.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Elizabeth A. Stewart, Romana A. Nowak
Summary: Uterine fibroids are a common condition in women that can cause serious health issues. The mechanisms behind their growth and development are currently not well understood and require further research.
Review
Anesthesiology
Marc A. Russo, Ralf Baron, Anthony H. Dickenson, Kai-Uwe Kern, Danielle M. Santarelli
Summary: Ambroxol is a versatile drug with multiple therapeutic actions, including mucoactive, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and local anesthetic properties. It has a long history of use in respiratory diseases and has shown efficacy in relieving sore throat. Recent research has focused on its potential for neuropathic pain treatment, despite slow progress. Ambroxol is an inhibitor of Na(v)1.8, an important player in neuropathic pain, and Na(v)1.7, a promising target for chronic pain treatment. This review discusses its analgesic mechanisms, synergistic properties, preclinical and clinical results in managing persistent pain and neuropathic pain symptoms. It is a safe drug with extensive data, encouraging further investigation for repurposing, and urging the pharmaceutical industry to develop optimized formulations for neuropathic pain.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcus J. C. Long, Mahdi Assari, Yimon Aye
Summary: This article discusses the significance of hidden variables in experiments, particularly in the field of modern chemical biology. Hidden variables are commonly introduced during experiments and can have an impact on experimental design and data interpretation. It is important to account for hidden variables in order to improve the development of new methods.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Patrick M. Briley, Charles Ellis, Molly M. Jacobs
Summary: Understanding the mechanics and misconceptions of stuttering requires a multidisciplinary approach in both research and treatment of individuals who stutter.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jiaru Bai, H. Sebastian Heese, Manish Tripathy
Summary: Many on-demand service platforms face potential collusion among service providers, who strategically collude to induce artificial supply shortages. This study explores pricing policies that can mitigate the impact of potential collusion, including a bonus pricing policy and an optimal pricing policy. Both policies incentivize providers to offer their services and can effectively alleviate the negative effects of collusion. It’s important for platforms to consider the risk of collusion when designing pricing policies to avoid significant losses.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Laramie Duncan, Karl Deisseroth
Summary: Psychiatric diseases are influenced by genetics, and genome-wide association studies have successfully linked hundreds of genetic loci to psychiatric disorders. This study focuses on four specific phenotypes related to psychiatry and proposes an exploratory workflow, from GWAS screening to causal testing in animal models, leading to the development of new therapies in humans.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Teri L. King, Nancy Nguyen, Gregory J. Doucette, Zhihong Wang, Brian D. Bill, Melissa B. Peacock, Shelbi L. Madera, Ralph A. Elston, Vera L. Trainer
Summary: Summer bivalve shellfish mortalities have been observed in Puget Sound for nearly a century, with the specific phytoplankton Protoceratium reticulatum and Akashiwo sanguinea being associated with declining shellfish health or mortality. The understanding of these issues and successful mitigation strategies are still incomplete.
Editorial Material
Surgery
Lara C. Pullen
Summary: This month's AJT Report delves into the challenge of sex disparity in transplantation and ways to address it, as well as reporting on a recent amendment to the FDA's COVID-19 vaccine emergency use authorizations affecting solid organ recipients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Charles Badu-Boateng, Dhaarica Jeyanesan, Jonathan Easaw, Mark Lloyd
Summary: This case study highlights the occurrence of AOP infarct due to an uncommon anatomical variant. It emphasizes the importance of considering this condition in patients presenting with fluctuating consciousness and normal CT findings.
Article
Ethics
Ryan H. Nelson, Bryanna Moore, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby
Summary: The range of decisions in pediatrics involves a balance between patient interests and parental authority. This article argues for the importance of considering patient authenticity in pediatric decision-making. The standard of pediatric authenticity asks what is most consistent with who the patient is, rather than what is best for the patient or what the patient would choose.
HASTINGS CENTER REPORT
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biodiversity Conservation
Benedikt G. G. Kuhnhaeuser, Agusti Randi, Peter Petoe, Paul P. K. Chai, Sidonie Bellot, William J. J. Baker
Summary: The production of flowers and fruit below ground is a unique reproductive strategy that poses challenges for pollination and dispersal. Pinanga subterranea, a newly discovered palm species from Borneo, is the first of its kind to primarily flower and fruit underground, raising questions about its evolution, pollination, and dispersal. Despite its significance as a source of edible fruits for local communities in western Borneo, this species has gone unnoticed by scientists until now.
PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET
(2023)
