Article
Zoology
Sarah Arnette, Jacob Saffarian, Lara Ferry, Stacy Farina
Summary: The mechanics of ventilation in elasmobranchs involve a two-pump system dependent on differential pressures between the orobranchial and parabranchial cavities. However, the variation in parabranchial form and function is often overlooked. This study collected parabranchial pressures from Pacific spiny dogfish and found a posterior attenuation of pressure amplitudes, as well as differential use of parabranchial chamber five, suggesting distinct ventilatory modes and proposing a new model for ventilation in this species.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alyssa M. Weinrauch, Frauke Fehrmann, W. Gary Anderson
Summary: This study detected the presence and activities of digestive enzymes in the exocrine pancreas of Pacific spiny dogfish. The results showed equivalent enzyme activities between different lobes of the pancreas, regardless of feeding or fasting states. The study also revealed a significant influence of a single feeding event on acinar cell circumference, but no significant changes in insulin or glucagon mRNA abundance. These findings suggest that the pancreas maintains constant enzyme activity and evenly releases digestive enzymes regardless of digestive state.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mathias Schakmann, Victoria Becker, Mathias Sogaard, Jacob L. Johansen, John F. Steffensen, Paolo Domenici
Summary: Fast escape responses are crucial for the survival of marine organisms, but elasmobranchs are often overlooked in studies. In this research, the escape latency of the Pacific spiny dogfish was measured and compared with two teleosts, revealing that the dogfish had a longer latency possibly due to the absence of Mauthner cells.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jess MacPherson, Alyssa M. Weinrauch, W. Gary Anderson, Carol Bucking
Summary: Nitrogen recycling through the gut microbiome is an important mechanism to reclaim nitrogen trapped in urea. This study found that compromising the gut microbiome significantly influences the nitrogen handling in spiny dogfish, and the recycling of urea-nitrogen is vital for maintaining nitrogen balance in these fish.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jess MacPherson, Alyssa M. Weinrauch, W. Gary Anderson, Carol Bucking
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in nitrogen handling in fed spiny dogfish, as antibiotic treatment reduced microbial enzyme activity and resulted in lower plasma urea levels. This study suggests that compromising the gut microbiome significantly influences post-prandial nitrogen handling in these fish.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Wiebke Moebius, Sophie Huemmert, Torben Ruhwedel, Alan Kuzirian, Robert Gould
Summary: Although studies have primarily focused on mice and zebrafish, research on myelination in the little skate provides a broader understanding of this process. The similarities in myelination features between skate hatchlings and adult skates lay the foundation for further exploration of axon-myelinating cell communication and related mechanisms.
Article
Biology
J. Lisa Hoogenboom, W. Gary Anderson
Summary: Marine elasmobranchs retain large concentrations of urea to balance osmotic pressure and take in exogenous nitrogen to maintain nitrogen balance and satisfy osmoregulatory and somatic processes. Dietary nitrogen is directed towards the synthesis of specific nitrogenous molecules, with preferential accumulation and retention of nitrogen for osmoregulatory purposes.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
J. Lisa Hoogenboom, W. Gary Anderson
Summary: We investigated the mechanisms of nitrogen trafficking in North Pacific spiny dogfish and found that increased ammonia concentration did not stimulate the uptake of total urea or total methylamine. Feeding increased Rhp2 mRNA levels in the kidney and mid spiral valve region, while excess urea and antibiotics reduced Rhbg mRNA levels along all three spiral valve regions.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ian A. Bouyoucos, Ciaran A. Shaughnessy, W. Gary Anderson, Robert M. Dores
Summary: The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis is a conserved neuroendocrine mechanism in vertebrates that regulates the stress response. The activation of the melanocortin-2 receptor (Mc2r) by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), with the assistance of accessory proteins Mrap1 or Mrap2, is the penultimate step of the HPA/I axis. Limited data from cartilaginous fishes suggest that the function of Mc2r/Mrap1 in bony vertebrates is a derived trait.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexandra N. Schoen, Jason R. Treberg, Catharine J. Wheaton, Natalie Mylniczenko, W. Gary Anderson
Summary: Research suggests that in elasmobranchs, 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone plays a role in mineral regulation, and may have a weak correlation with circulating glucose and beta-HB concentrations. Corticosterone may also serve a role in energy mobilization in this species.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Gail D. Schwieterman, Maggie M. Winchester, Holly A. Shiels, Peter G. Bushnell, Diego Bernal, Heather M. Marshall, Richard W. Brill
Summary: Elevated plasma potassium levels, reduced plasma pH, reduced blood oxygen content, and elevated temperatures are associated with species-specific rates of mortality in elasmobranch fishes. The mechanism linking these physiological disturbances to mortality may involve reduced myocardial function. Some stressors had significant detrimental impacts on myocardial function, while stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors could help preserve cardiac function in certain species.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Kana Hasegawa, Shinsuke Fujii, Shinji Matsumoto, Yudai Tajiri, Akira Kikuchi, Tamotsu Kiyoshima
Summary: The study demonstrates that the YAP signaling pathway promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell proliferation through the PIEZO1 channel, indicating a crucial role of YAP/PIEZO1 axis in tumorigenesis. These findings provide important insights into the understanding of cellular behavior changes during tumor growth.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sung-Ryeong Yoon, Namgue Hong, Min-Young Lee, Jin-Chul Ahn
Summary: The study suggests that a 660-nanometer LED can modulate astrocyte proliferation and differentiation, indicating its potential therapeutic application in various pathological states of the central nervous system.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alonso Ornelas-Gonzalez, Karolina Chairez-Cantu, Margarita Ortiz-Martinez, Mirna Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Marco Rito-Palomares
Summary: Stem cells have the potential to be used in cell therapy to treat degenerative diseases, with plant-derived compounds proposed as alternatives to animal-derived growth factors in cell culture. Plant-derived compounds are rich in bioactive substances with mainly anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. These compounds act as regulators of signaling pathways involved in stem cell proliferation and provide a lower-cost alternative with greater reproducibility in promoting cell proliferation under in vitro conditions.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlemi Calitz, Jenny Rosenquist, Oliver Degerstedt, Jaafar Khaled, Maria Kopsida, Marten Fryknas, Hans Lennernas, Ayan Samanta, Femke Heindryckx
Summary: The tumor micro-environment of hepatocellular carcinoma consists of cirrhotic liver tissue and is characterized by extensive deposition of ECM. Changes in matrix composition and stiffness influence tumor behavior, with an increased protein content and proliferation observed in cells grown in a cirrhotic environment compared to a fibrotic environment. Tumor nodules formed earlier and were larger in cirrhotic conditions, with increased expression of markers related to EMT. HCC-cells grown in cirrhotic gels were also more resistant to chemotherapy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)