Article
Veterinary Sciences
Danielle M. Alms, Marissa M. Langager, Chava L. Weitzman, Dana M. Hawley
Summary: Infections can have wide-ranging but non-lethal effects on wildlife, including reduced maintenance of external structures. This study found that House Finches infected with M. gallisepticum preened less frequently and had lower feather quality. However, further research is needed to determine if infected House Finches in the wild experience any fitness costs due to reduced feather maintenance.
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Wanying Hu, Wei Zhang, Syed Waqas Ali Shah, Muhammad Ishfaq, Jichang Li
Summary: Infection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum led to reduced antioxidant activities and induced oxidative stress in chicken spleen and thymus tissues, ultimately causing immune damage and disease pathogenesis.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xueping Chen, Muhammad Ishfaq, Jian Wang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of ceramide in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). The results showed that MG infection induced ceramide accumulation in DF-1 cells, and inhibiting ceramide synthesis significantly inhibited MG proliferation and inflammatory injury. MG infection also caused endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inhibiting this stress prevented ceramide accumulation and MG proliferation, alleviating the inflammatory injury. The expression of STIM1 was elevated in response to MG infection, leading to calcium overload and oxidative stress. Treatment with baicalin downregulated STIM1 expression, restored calcium homeostasis, mitigated oxidative stress, and ameliorated the inflammatory injury caused by MG.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ying-jie Wang, Ya-xi Liang, Fu-li Hu, Ying-fei Sun, Meng-yun Zou, Rong-long Luo, Xiu-li Peng
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a Chinese herbal medicinal formula (CHMF) on Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens. The results showed that CHMF could effectively prevent and treat CRD by reducing respiratory inflammation and inhibiting the proliferation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. It also decreased the expression of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the efficacy of CHMF was comparable or even better than that of tiamulin, and it did not have any adverse effects on the performance of chickens.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kevin J. McGraw, Victor Aguiar de Souza Penha, Dean J. Drake, Simona Kraberger, Arvind Varsani
Summary: The study on poxvirus infection patterns in urban house finches in Arizona revealed a prevalence of 7.2% with low disease severity and most lesions located on the feet. Temporal and biological factors were not significantly correlated with poxvirus infection during the study period. Two complete poxvirus genomes were obtained, showing similarity with canarypox virus and other avipoxviruses.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
T. Iemmi, G. Basini, R. Ramoni, S. Bussolati, A. M. Carrillo Heredero, F. Grasselli, S. Grolli, P. Serventi, S. Bertini
Summary: In this study, the relationship between immune response and oxidative stress was investigated in chickens after intraocular administration of an attenuated Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccine. Blood samples were collected at different time points to analyze immune response indexes and plasmatic oxidative stress biomarkers levels. The results showed that after antigenic stimulation, there were changes in immune cell counts, antibody titers, and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, the levels of oxidative stress markers were associated with the strength of the immune response.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Thomas Ipoutcha, Geraldine Gourgues, Carole Lartigue, Alain Blanchard, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet
Summary: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mgal) is a common poultry pathogen that spread to North American house finches after a host shift in 1994. The molecular determinants of Mgal virulence and host specificity are not well understood due to the lack of efficient methods for functional genomics. This study successfully used a recombination system derived from Bacillus subtilis for gene inactivation and targeted replacement in Mgal, providing the first genetic tool for targeted genome engineering of Mgal.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
A. Matucci, E. Stefani, A. Tondo, V. Righetti, M. Bottinelli, L. Gavazzi, M. Merenda, S. Catania
Summary: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a significant pathogen in the poultry industry, causing chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. A new atypical MG strain with an undetectable mgc2 sequence was isolated from Italian turkeys in 2019. The authors propose an alternative mgc2 PCR endpoint protocol named MG600 to avoid false negative results during diagnostic screenings.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sara Mahdizadeh, Yumiko Masukagami, Chi-Wen Tseng, Philip F. Markham, David P. De Souza, Brunda Nijagal, Dedreia Tull, Liliana Tatarczuch, Glenn F. Browning, Fiona M. Sansom
Summary: MalF is required for virulence in Mycoplasma gallisepticum, responsible for importing glycerol into the cell. Loss of MalF affects glycerol metabolism globally and may have a regulatory role, also impacting cellular morphology. Functional characterization of mycoplasma proteins, such as MalF, is crucial for understanding pathogenicity and should be complemented with tools like metabolomics.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jian Wang, Muhammad Ishfaq, Jichang Li
Summary: Baicalin alleviates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced lung inflammatory injury by regulating gut microbiota, enriching commensal bacterium Bacteroides fragilis, and reducing proinflammatory cytokines level. Additionally, baicalin reverses phenylalanine accumulation induced by MG infection, inhibiting excessive necroptosis through modulation of gga-miR-190a-3p-Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) axis in HD11 macrophages.
Article
Ornithology
Eira Bermudez-Cuamatzin, Hans Slabbekoorn, Constantino Macias Garcia
Summary: Human activities can have a detrimental effect on animals, particularly in urban areas. This study investigated the effects of anthropogenic noise on the call behavior of male House Finches. The results showed that the birds can make immediate adjustments to their calls in response to noise level fluctuations.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Anneke Feberwee, Sjaak de Wit, Remco Dijkman
Summary: This review provides an extensive historic overview of the last seven decades on the development of the knowledge regarding Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), including factors influencing clinical expression, transmission routes, and vaccine usage.
Review
Immunology
Susithra Priyadarshni Mugunthan, Ganapathy Kannan, Harish Mani Chandra, Biswaranjan Paital
Summary: Avian mycoplasmosis, caused primarily by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae, affects the respiratory, reproductive, and musculoskeletal systems of chickens. Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the most common pathogenic avian mycoplasma, with a wide range of host susceptibility and virulence. Prevention relies on biosecurity measures, management strategies, early diagnosis, antimicrobial use, and vaccination.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jay Prakash Yadav, Piyush Tomar, Yarvendra Singh, Sandip Kumar Khurana
Summary: Avian mycoplasmosis, caused mainly by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae, is a significant disease for the poultry industry, leading to economic losses. Prevention and control measures include biosecurity, treatment, and vaccination.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jian Wang, Xueping Chen, Jichang Li, Muhammad Ishfaq
Summary: This study explored the correlation between gut microbiota and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection by disturbing gut microbiota in chickens with an antibiotic cocktail. The results showed that gut microbiota dysbiosis impairs pulmonary immune response against MG infection and leads to increased MG colonization in the lung. Additionally, administering specific proteins or adding specific feed components can reverse this dysbiosis and promote MG clearance in the lung.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biology
Kyle B. Heine, Wendy R. Hood
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2020)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Geoffrey E. Hill
TRENDS IN GENETICS
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Geoffrey E. Hill
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Kyle B. Heine, Nicholas M. Justyn, Geoffrey E. Hill, Wendy R. Hood
Summary: The study examines the importance of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial morphology for the growth, survival, and reproduction of eukaryotes. Results show that UV radiation can alter the behavior and morphology of mitochondria, impacting the metabolic rate of whole animals.
Review
Ecology
Rebecca E. Koch, Katherine L. Buchanan, Stefania Casagrande, Ondi Crino, Damian K. Dowling, Geoffrey E. Hill, Wendy R. Hood, Matthew McKenzie, Mylene M. Mariette, Daniel W. A. Noble, Alexandra Pavlova, Frank Seebacher, Paul Sunnucks, Eve Udino, Craig R. White, Karine Salin, Antoine Stier
Summary: The critical role that energy turnover plays in understanding variation in performance and fitness among individuals has long been recognized by biologists. While whole-organism metabolic studies have provided key insights into ecological and evolutionary processes, constraints at subcellular levels, such as within mitochondria, can also optimize metabolism. This exploration of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism's influence on organismal performance highlights important areas for future research in understanding ecological and evolutionary processes.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Yufeng Zhang, Geoffrey E. Hill, Zhiyuan Ge, Noel R. Park, Halie A. Taylor, Victoria Andreasen, Luc Tardy, Andreas N. Kavazis, Camille Bonneaud, Wendy R. Hood
Summary: The research examined the impact of MG infection on mitochondrial function and oxidative damage in the liver of house finches, showing that MG-infected house finches had lower levels of oxidative damage in liver tissue. This suggests that MG may suppress organ function in susceptible hosts.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Zoology
Matthew J. Powers, Geoffrey E. Hill
Summary: For decades, scientists have observed a connection between carotenoid-based coloration and an organism's physiological performance and behavior. Traditional explanations for this relationship suggest that colorful displays are costly, but an alternative explanation, the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis, proposes that carotenoid-based coloration is linked to mitochondrial energy metabolism. Empirical tests have been conducted to investigate this hypothesis in various species.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Ecology
Geoffrey E. Hill, Nicholas M. Justyn
Summary: Estimating per-individual rates of hybridization in wild birds involves challenges related to the definition of hybrid, distinguishing between shared DNA sequences and ongoing hybridization, the dangers of focusing only on known hybrid zones, and the implications of very low rates of per individual hybridization. Recognizing hybrids based on phenotype, quantifying ongoing between-species mating, and not prejudging which birds are presumed to engage in hybridization are important considerations in this field. Additionally, evidence for strong prezygotic sorting does not necessarily indicate that mate choice drives speciation.
Article
Ornithology
Geoffrey E. Hill, Matthew Powers
Summary: The process of speciation remains poorly understood, with definitions of species continuing to be a focus of debate. The unresolved issue of whether local populations somewhat distinct from a parent population but connected via gene flow should be recognized as species is a key point in speciation debates. The recognition of the Cassia crossbill, parrot crossbill, and Scottish crossbill as species is argued against, as they do not meet the criteria for species designation under the Biological Species Concept and show no fixed genetic differences from other red crossbill populations.
JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Victoria Favorit, Wendy R. Hood, Andreas N. Kavazis, Patricia Villamediana, Kang Nian Yap, Hailey A. Parry, Amy L. Skibiel
Summary: Lactation requires increased nutrient and energy usage. Mitochondrial efficiency and biogenesis in the liver are positively associated with milk yield, while skeletal muscle mitochondrial efficiency remains consistent but experiences oxidative damage.
Editorial Material
Ecology
Nicholas M. Justyn, Corey T. Callaghan, Geoffrey E. Hill
Summary: When working with a citizen science database like eBird, it is important to be cautious when filtering or subsampling observations to avoid potential biases. Restricting observations based on specific criteria may inflate the calculated hybridization rate and assume researchers have complete knowledge of birds' hybridization capacity.
Article
Biology
Matthew J. Powers, James A. Baty, Alexis M. Dinga, James H. Mao, Geoffrey E. Hill
Summary: The shared-pathway hypothesis suggests that ketocarotenoid pigmentation and mitochondrial function are biochemically interconnected. This study exposed Tigriopus californicus copepods to DNP and found that it increased respiration and ketocarotenoid accumulation. The results support the hypothesis and suggest a fundamental connection between ketocarotenoid pigmentation and mitochondrial function.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Geoffrey E. Hill, Ryan J. Weaver, Matthew J. Powers
Summary: The deposition of carotenoids resulting in red and yellow coloration is an honest signal of condition. The resource trade-off hypothesis suggests that condition-dependent honest signalling depends on a trade-off between ornamental display and body maintenance, while the index hypothesis proposes that carotenoid coloration is inherently condition dependent due to vital cellular processes. These hypotheses have contrasting and testable predictions about ornamental traits. Reviewing mechanisms of carotenoid production, condition dependency patterns, and behavioral responses to carotenoid coloration provides evidence for the existence of condition-dependent signals without the influence of sexual selection. Genetic manipulation and expression of ornamental traits in synthetic biological systems open up new opportunities for studying condition-dependent signaling.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas M. Justyn, Kyle B. Heine, Wendy R. Hood, Jennifer A. Peteya, Bram Vanthournout, Gerben Debruyn, Matthew D. Shawkey, Ryan J. Weaver, Geoffrey E. Hill
Summary: This study investigated the formation mechanism of red eyespots in Tigriopus californicus copepods and found that the red eyespots are the result of a combination of structural and pigmentary coloration.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Kang Nian Yap, KayLene Yamada, Shelby Zikeli, Hippokratis Kiaris, Wendy R. Hood
Summary: Considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of oxidative stress and hormonal regulation in shaping the life-history patterns of animals. However, the underappreciated area of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPRER) could also play a significant role in mediating inter- and intraspecific variation in life history. Proper modulation of ER stress response and UPRER allows animals to adapt to changing environments and respond to stressors, with considerable individual variation observed. Studies suggest that ER stress and UPRER phenotype can be subjected to natural selection, reflecting how animals respond to environmental challenges. Further research is needed in ecologically relevant settings to explore the interaction between ER stress, oxidative stress, and life-history trade-offs in free-living animals.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)