Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manfred J. Mueller, Steven B. Heymsfield, Anja Bosy-Westphal
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of changes in fat-free mass (FFM) composition on adaptive thermogenesis (AT), finding that changes in FFM composition had a significant effect on weight loss and weight gain. Adjusting for changes in anatomical and molecular composition reduced AT after caloric restriction (CR) and increased AT after overfeeding (OF), but the overall adjusted AT may not be enough to prevent weight loss or resist weight gain.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xinyu Wang, Chengnan Chu, Liqun Wang, Fang Chen, Chao Yang, Yunxuan Deng, Kai Wang, Baochen Liu, Jieshou Li, Weiwei Ding
Summary: This study observed changes in energy expenditure and body composition in patients during the early postoperative days after pancreatic trauma. The results showed that total body water, extracellular water, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass decreased significantly from POD-3 to -14, while the phase angle increased significantly. Resting energy expenditure was higher than predicted and remained high throughout the study period. A postoperative phase angle value below 4.23 was associated with severe complications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhijun Zhao, Jing Cao, Chaoqun Niu, Menghuan Bao, Jiaqi Xu, Daliang Huo, Shasha Liao, Wei Liu, John R. Speakman
Summary: The study reveals that exposure to a temperature of 32.5 degrees C leads to a reduced lifespan in both mice and hamsters, coinciding with lowered metabolic rate and elevated body temperature. This demonstrates the significant impact of body temperature and metabolic rate on lifespan.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hamza O. Dhafar, Ahmed S. BaHammam
Summary: This article discusses the relationship between narcolepsy and changes in weight and metabolic rate, and explores potential mechanisms for weight gain and metabolic changes. It suggests that patients with narcolepsy are more likely to be obese and experience rapid weight gain during the disease's outset. The precise mechanisms causing this weight gain are still unknown, and the role of orexin in weight gain in narcolepsy patients is still controversial.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marina Martin, Amaia Rodriguez, Javier Gomez-Ambrosi, Beatriz Ramirez, Sara Becerril, Victoria Catalan, Miguel Lopez, Carlos Dieguez, Gema Fruhbeck, Maria A. Burrell
Summary: Restriction of high-fat diet intake can lead to weight loss and reduced adiposity, as well as improved metabolism; normalization of hypothalamic NPY, AgRP and POMC expression may play a role in this process.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexandra Martin, Darius Fox, Chaise A. Murphy, Hande Hofmann, Karsten Koehler
Summary: During weight loss, tissue loss and metabolic adaptations both contribute to the reduction in RMR, albeit variably. Contrary to popular belief, it is not skeletal muscle, but rather adipose tissue losses that seem to drive RMR reductions following weight loss. Future research should target personalized strategies addressing the predominant cause of RMR reduction for weight maintenance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen D. Corbin, Elvis A. Carnero, Timothy D. Allerton, Joachim Tillner, Christopher P. Bock, Pierre-Philippe Luyet, Britta Gobel, Kevin D. Hall, Stephanie A. Parsons, Eric Ravussin, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 would result in less metabolic adaptation and increased lipid oxidation. The results showed that SAR425899 led to a smaller reduction in body composition-adjusted sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and increased fat oxidation, which are beneficial for weight loss and weight-loss maintenance.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yun Hwan Oh, Seulggie Choi, Gyeongsil Lee, Joung Sik Son, Kyae Hyung Kim, Sang Min Park
Summary: The study found that increasing relative lean body mass and appendicular skeletal mass can reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in both men and women, while increasing relative body fat mass index can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Particularly, the risk reduction of MetS is more significant in groups with higher baseline BMI and body fat mass index.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alexandra D. Hudson, Alexander S. Kauffman
Summary: Kisspeptin signaling plays a significant role in metabolism and energy balance, and may regulate multiple physiological parameters. The findings highlight the importance of further research on the non-reproductive actions of Kisspeptin signaling.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kimberly Begemann, Henrik Oster
Summary: Snacking on palatable food items throughout the day is common in modern societies, but the time-of-day at which the snack is consumed may have different effects on the body. This study conducted an experiment on mice and found that daytime chocolate snacking led to increased body temperature and locomotor activity compared to nighttime snacking. The gene expression in metabolic tissues also showed changes, suggesting an early mechanism for the development of obesity caused by mistimed high-calorie snacking.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biology
Cesare Pacioni, Marina Sentis, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Anvar Kerimov, Andrey Bushuev, Luc Lens, Diederik Strubbe
Summary: Understanding how birds allocate energy to cope with changing environmental conditions and physiological states is crucial. This study on great tits found that their energy requirements increase during the breeding season compared to winter, but overall they maintain a relatively stable energy budget.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tim Hollstein, Sascha Heinitz, Alessio Basolo, Jonathan Krakoff, Susanne B. Votruba, Paolo Piaggi
Summary: This study found that individuals with higher 24-hour energy expenditure relative to body size were more likely to experience greater weight regain during follow-up after caloric restriction, mainly due to regain of fat-free mass without loss of fat mass.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Barbora Winterova, Lumir Gvozdik
Summary: The study demonstrates significant variability in seasonal acclimation responses among individuals of two newt species, with poor short- and long-term repeatability in the effects of fluctuating temperatures on metabolic rate and locomotor activity. This suggests limitations in the adaptive evolution of plastic responses.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Kyle T. Finn, Andries K. Janse van Vuuren, Daniel W. Hart, Tobias Sueess, Markus Zoettl, Nigel C. Bennett
Summary: Differences in individual locomotor activity patterns of Natal mole-rats are influenced by seasonal changes and not affected by individual characteristics such as body mass, sex, and reproductive status. In winter, individuals are more active during the time with the highest soil temperatures, while in summer, they exhibit a bimodal activity pattern during cooler soil temperatures. This suggests that activity patterns serve as a behavioral adaptation to regulate burrow temperatures and maintain core body temperature stability. RFID technology is advantageous for studying wild small mammal movements.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anja Maehler, Carmen Jahn, Lars Klug, Caroline Klatte, Andreas Michalsen, Daniela Koppold-Liebscher, Michael Boschmann
Summary: The study found that Baha'i fasting can lead to weight loss, improved body fat and blood glucose, as well as reduced postprandial energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis. There was an increase in perfusion, glucose supply, and lipolysis in adipose tissue, while skeletal muscle tissue perfusion remained unchanged, and glucose supply and lipolysis decreased. BF may be a promising approach for weight loss and improving metabolism and health.
Article
Physiology
Roberto F. Nespolo, Francisco E. Fonturbel, Carlos Mejias, Rodrigo Contreras, Paulina Gutierrez, Esteban Oda, Pablo Sabat, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Francisco Bozinovic
Summary: This study on the marsupial Dromiciops gliroides shows that the use of torpor can be modulated depending on energy supply, thus optimizing energy budgeting. Animals facing chronic caloric restriction increased torpor frequency and reduced energy expenditure, resulting in weight recovery at the end of the season.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dongmei Wang, Dan Feng, Yuhan Wang, Peiyu Dong, Yonghui Wang, Ling Zhong, Bo Li, Junling Fu, Xinhua Xiao, John R. Speakman, Ming Li, Shan Gao
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ANGPTL8 and other adipokines with cardiac structure in youths, and to explore the role of lipids in mediating this relationship. The findings showed a significant inverse association between ANGPTL8 and leptin with left ventricular mass index (LVMI), independent of risk factors. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol mediated the ANGPTL8-LVMI association, while triglyceride mediation was moderated by leptin levels. Other adipokines showed no significant association with LVMI.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ahmad Albalawi, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman
Summary: This study investigated the impact of multiple lockdowns in the UK on BMI change and found that BMI significantly increased during the lockdown period. The study also found that individuals gained more weight the longer they stayed at home during the lockdowns, and physical activity was reduced to approximately half. However, there was no significant association between BMI change and the change in the frequency of using different types of food outlets.
OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE
(2022)
Correction
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yingga Wu, Sumei Hu, Dengbao Yang, Li Li, Baoguo Li, Lu Wang, Min Li, Guanlin Wang, Jianbo Li, Yanchao Xu, Xueying Zhang, Chaoqun Niu, John R. R. Speakman
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Elzbieta Krol, Frances Turner, Davina Derous, Sharon E. Mitchell, Samuel A. M. Martin, Alex Douglas, John R. Speakman
Summary: Peak lactation is limited by the capacity of lactating females to dissipate body heat, and manipulations that enhance heat dissipation, such as shaving, can increase peak milk production. Shaving-induced increases in milk production were paradoxically linked to reduced expression of some milk synthesis-related genes. Shaved mice were also more likely to wean their young faster and experience earlier involution of the mammary gland compared to unshaved mice.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yosuke Yamada, Xueying Zhang, Mary E. T. Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Misaka Kimura, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R. Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, William E. Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Robert F. Kushner, Estelle V. Lambert, William R. Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K. Martin, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietilainen, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Roberto A. Rabinovich, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, John J. Reilly, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Albertine J. Schuit, Luis B. Sardinha, Analiza M. Silva, Anders M. Sjodin, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Jonathan C. K. Wells, George Wilson, Brian M. Wood, Jack A. Yanovski, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Amy H. Luke, Jennifer Rood, Klaas R. Westerterp, William W. Wong, Motohiko Miyachi, Dale A. Schoeller, John R. Speakman
Summary: This study investigated the determinants of human water turnover in different age groups and countries. The results show that age, body size and composition, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics are closely related to water turnover. People living in countries with a low human development index have higher water turnover. Predictive equations for human water turnover in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors are provided based on the extensive dataset.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine A. Kentistou, Jian'an Luan, Laura B. L. Wittemans, Catherine Hambly, Lucija Klaric, Zoltan Kutalik, John R. Speakman, Nicholas J. Wareham, Timothy J. Kendall, Claudia Langenberg, James F. Wilson, Peter K. Joshi, Nicholas M. Morton
Summary: Our understanding of the genetic contribution to human adiposity is incomplete, as few studies measure adiposity directly. In this study, the authors used whole-body imaging adiposity phenotypes in large biobanks to enhance their ability to discover genes driving human adiposity, and investigated one such gene using a mouse model.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anja Biltoft-Jensen, Karin Hess Ygil, Lenette Knudsen, Jeppe Matthiessen, Sisse Fagt, Ellen Trolle, Trine Holmgaard Nielsen, Diane McIntosh Hansen, Cecilie Loe Licht, Maurice Martens, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Tue Christensen
Summary: The European Food Safety Authority recommends the use of the 2 x 24 h diet recall and physical activity measurements for national dietary surveys. Denmark has been using 7 d food diaries with PA questionnaires and measurements. The study shows that the 2 x 24 h diet recall performs better than the 7 d food diaries method.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Daniel G. Ellis, John Speakman, Catherine Hambly, James P. Morton, Graeme L. Close, Tim F. Donovan
Summary: This study examined the total daily energy expenditure (TEE) of elite tennis players during high-level competition. Results showed that tennis is a highly energetically demanding sport with variability in TEE between individuals. Therefore, individual differences in energy requirements should be considered when developing nutritional strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Sarah Wanless, Steve D. Albon, Francis Daunt, Blanca Sarzo, Mark A. Newell, Carrie Gunn, John R. Speakman, Michael P. Harris
Summary: Climate warming can reduce food resources for animal populations, especially for species that exhibit parental care. The extent to which variation in parental effort can buffer demographic rates against environmental change is a key issue.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lu Wang, Davina Derous, Xiahe Huang, Sharon E. Mitchell, Alex Douglas, David Lusseau, Yingchun Wang, John R. Speakman
Summary: Calorie restriction extends life span by modulating aging-related mechanisms. Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and fatty acid degradation are significantly stimulated, while main signaling pathways and pathways in cancer are not significantly affected. Moreover, the metabolism of xenobiotics is altered by calorie restriction.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John R. Speakman, Jasper M. A. de Jong, Srishti Sinha, Klaas R. Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Pascal Bovet, Soren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. J. A. Camps, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S. W. Davies, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Santu Ghosh, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Hinke H. Haisma, Daniel Hoffman, Sumei Hu, Annemiek M. Joosen, Jennifer L. Kaplan, Peter Katzmarzyk, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, William R. Leonard, Marie Loef, Corby K. Martin, Eric Matsiko, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietilaeinen, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Susan B. Roberts, Michael C. Rudolph, Luis B. Sardinha, Albertine J. Schuit, Analiza M. Silva, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Brian M. Wood, Jack A. Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Anura Kurpad, Amy H. Luke, Herman Pontzer, Matthew S. Rodeheffer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A. Schoeller, William W. Wong
Summary: Obesity is caused by prolonged positive energy balance, and the contribution of reduced activity levels to energy expenditure is still debated. Our study shows that total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age has declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure has increased over time in both sexes. The decline in adjusted basal energy expenditure (BEE) is identified as a previously unrecognized factor. These findings suggest that the increasing obesity in the United States/Europe is not likely fueled by reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE.
Editorial Material
Biology
David B. Allison, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Kevin D. Hall, John R. Speakman
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
John R. Speakman, Kevin D. Hall
Summary: Body weight and fatness are regulated phenomena, and several theoretical models, such as the set-point, dynamic equilibrium, adiposity force, and control theory, have been proposed to explain this. Further experiments are needed to test the differences between these models.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Deng Bao Yang, Lin Gao, Xin Yu Liu, Yan Chao Xu, C. Hambly, De Hua Wang, John R. Speakman
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of diet and obesity on glucose homeostasis. Laboratory voles exposed to long photoperiod were resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity but exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. This model provides insights into the relationship between diet, obesity, and metabolic health.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)