Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luis Q. Alves, Raquel Ruivo, Raul Valente, Miguel M. Fonseca, Andre M. Machado, Stephanie Plon, Nuno Monteiro, David Garcia-Parraga, Sara Ruiz-Diaz, Maria J. Sanchez-Calabuig, Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan, L. Filipe C. Castro
Summary: Mammalian sperm cells exhibit metabolic compartmentalization, with ATP production separated in different subcellular compartments. The pathways of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation play varying roles in sperm function across species, and the impact of ecosystem resource availability and dietary adaptations on reproductive physiology traits remains to be further explored.
Article
Fisheries
Camille Poulet, Betsy L. Barber-O'Malley, Geraldine Lassalle, Patrick Lambert
Summary: Diadromous species play an important role in nutrient transportation between marine and freshwater habitats, but the valuation and management of this regulating service are still limited. This study developed a new approach to estimate the nutrient subsidies provided by the anadromous allis shad throughout western Europe, highlighting the importance of large-scale management of migratory species for sustainable provision of ecosystem services.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael V. Westbury, Andrea A. Cabrera, Alba Rey-Iglesia, Binia De Cahsan, David A. Duchene, Stefanie Hartmann, Eline D. Lorenzen
Summary: The study investigates the role of post-divergence gene flow in speciation process in the toothed whale superfamily Delphinoidea. The researchers used a multifaceted approach including phylogenomics, distribution of shared derived alleles, and demographic inference. The findings reveal complex speciation within Delphinoidea, with evidence of ancient interfamilial gene flow events prior to diversification of each family. Contemporary hybridization events do not contribute to parental species' gene pools.
Article
Biology
Heather Vance, Peter T. Madsen, Natacha Aguilar de Soto, Danuta Maria Wisniewska, Michael Ladegaard, Sascha Hooker, Mark Johnson
Summary: Research shows that toothed whales can adjust clicking rates to track prey movements and escape responses quickly. Their neurokinetic response times in echolocation are similar to visual tracking responses, indicating a common neural underpinning.
Article
Ecology
Camille Poulet, Alexis Paumier, Geraldine Lassalle, Maud Pierre, Patrick Lambert
Summary: The study developed the HoOS simulator to assess the impact of upstream migration and reproductive timings on the temperature-dependent survival of early-life stages in allis shad. Results showed a dome-shaped relationship between temperature-dependent survival of early-life stages relative to migration timing by adults, confirming the hypothesis of an optimal period for reproduction across the reproductive season.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Heitor O. Braga, Mariana G. Bender, Henrique M. F. Oliveira, Mario J. Pereira, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro
Summary: The study found a negative relationship between the catch of allis shad on the best fishing day and the catch year, as well as between the largest individual ever caught and the catch year. There was a positive relationship between the largest individual caught and fishing experience. Differences in perceptions of allis shad fisheries among fishers of different experience categories suggest the occurrence of the shifting baselines syndrome.
REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Santeri Kaupinmaki, Ben Cox, Simon Arridge, Christian Baker, David Sinden, Bajram Zeqiri
Summary: The article introduces a numerical model of a phase-insensitive pyroelectric ultrasound sensor, which consists of three components: acoustic, thermal, and electrical. The model simulates the propagation, absorption, and temperature change of ultrasound waves, and outputs the sensor response for comparison with empirical data.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Morgan Churchill, Colin Baltz
Summary: This study suggests that the evolution of echolocation has little effect on orbit size in marine tetrapods, and orbit size varies greatly among whale species, with different feeding modes and habitat adaptations explaining this variation.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Marion Blaya, Olivier Geffard, Philippe Jatteau, Maud Pierre, Eric Rochard
Summary: This study identified the main features of embryogenesis in allis shad Alosa alosa through experiments under optimal conditions. The authors propose using these features as endpoints to evaluate the impact of stressors on A. alosa embryogenesis in future studies.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert W. Boessenecker, Brian L. Beatty, Jonathan H. Geisler
Summary: This article focuses on the study of a toothed mysticete called Coronodon havensteini and its fossils, which reveal the transition from tooth-bearing ancestors to toothless baleen-bearing eomysticetid whales. The study also describes two new species, Coronodon newtonorum and Coronodon planifrons, contributing to the understanding of toothed mysticetes.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Avinash Chandra Pandey, Vinay Anand Tikkiwal
Summary: Fake news poses a growing threat on social media platforms, requiring various spam detection methods. A new stance detection method based on an improved whale optimization algorithm and multilayer perceptron has been proposed, showing better results on multiple datasets. The approach has theoretical implications for further text data studies and practical implications for system development.
COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Rachel A. Roston, V. Louise Roth
Summary: This study investigates the developmental process of nasal reorientation in cetaceans through two different developmental models. It was found that in the embryos of pantropical spotted dolphins and fin whales, the angle between the nasal passage and the sagittal axis of the foramen magnum decreases with age, closely associated with the rotation and angular changes of the skull.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
M. Roman Ruiz, C. Rossi, J. A. Esteban
Summary: This paper presents the application of Deep Neural Networks to detect Fin Whales pulses from long acoustic recordings. Acoustic signals are converted to images using Fourier transform, making the pulses specific shapes. The detection of pulses and their seasonal distribution have important ecological value, but the variations in shape and background noise make it difficult. Automated instruments are crucial for processing the large amount of data in a fast and effective way.
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ailiang Qi, Dong Zhao, Fanhua Yu, Ali Asghar Heidari, Huiling Chen, Lei Xiao
Summary: A new variant of the whale optimization algorithm, named LXMWOA, is proposed in this paper to enhance the performance of WOA by introducing Levy initialization strategy, directional crossover mechanism, and directional mutation mechanism. Experimental results show that LXMWOA outperforms its peers in both exploration and exploitation capabilities, suggesting great potential for solving engineering problems.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Biology
Cynthia F. Moss, Sara Torres Ortiz, Magnus Wahlberg
Summary: Journal of Experimental Biology has a long history of reporting research discoveries on animal echolocation. Over 1100 species of bats and 70 species of toothed whales rely on echolocation to operate in different environments. The physics of sound transmission in air and underwater pose constraints on the production, detection, and localization of sonar signals, leading to differences in response times and prey detection methods. Similarities and differences in animal sonar behaviors underwater and in air present open research questions for further exploration.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Ilias Foskolos, Michael Bjerre Pedersen, Kristian Beedholm, Astrid Sormark Uebel, Jamie Macaulay, Laura Stidsholt, Signe Brinklov, Peter Teglberg Madsen
Summary: This study found that bats are able to maintain adequate echo-to-noise ratios for prey hunting by increasing call amplitude, even when they cannot avoid masking spectrally, spatially or temporally.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Lucia Martina Martin Lopez, Natacha Aguilar de Soto, Peter T. Madsen, Mark Johnson
Summary: Acceleration-based proxies are widely used in bio-logging studies to explore animal movement strategies, costs of behavior, habitat use, and anthropogenic disturbance impact. Overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) is a key proxy, but may underestimate energy use in large aquatic animals due to differences in motion patterns compared to small animals. Further validation is needed for larger aquatic species.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Correction
Biology
Ilias Foskolos, Michael Bjerre Pedersen, Kristian Beedholm, Astrid Saermark Uebel, Jamie Macaulay, Laura Stidsholt, Signe Brinklov, Peter Teglberg Madsen
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Michael Bjerre Pedersen, Astrid Saermark Uebel, Kristian Beedholm, Ilias Foskolos, Laura Stidsholt, Peter Teglberg Madsen
Summary: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that frequency-modulating bats employ a spectral jamming avoidance response, but found that they instead increase call amplitude to combat acoustic jamming.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Fleur Visser, Machiel G. Oudejans, Onno A. Keller, Peter T. Madsen, Mark Johnson
Summary: Closely related beaked whale species, such as Sowerby's and Blainville's beaked whales, show significant differences in foraging strategies, with Sowerby's whales exhibiting a higher-speed foraging style compared to the low-energy strategist Blainville's whales. This highlights their ability to access different prey populations by utilizing distinct deep-sea foraging and energetic niches.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
K. Beedholm, M. Ladegaard, P. T. Madsen, P. L. Tyack
Summary: Most studies on echolocating toothed whales measure short-latency auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to clicks and echoes. However, less is known about longer-latency cortical AEPs. This study shows that click-related AEP peaks with longer latencies than 99% of click intervals are present, suggesting ongoing higher-order echo processing even during slow clicking. The findings also suggest that the identified long-latency AEPs may enable hearing sensitivity measurements at lower frequencies than current methods.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter T. Madsen, Ursula Siebert, Coen P. H. Elemans
Summary: Toothed whales use their nasal passages to produce sound, which allows them to generate echolocation signals at depths of over 1000 meters. This finding provides a physiological basis for understanding the vocal repertoires and social communication of these whales.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dominik Andre Nachtsheim, Mark Johnson, Tobias Schaffeld, Abbo van Neer, Peter T. Madsen, Charlotte R. Findlay, Laia Rojano-Donate, Jonas Teilmann, Lonnie Mikkelsen, Johannes Baltzer, Andreas Ruser, Ursula Siebert, Joseph G. Schnitzler
Summary: The North Sea experiences heavy ship traffic due to increasing human activities. This study investigates the hypothesis that harbour seals in the North Sea are repeatedly exposed to high-intensity vessel noise. A total of 133 vessel passes were detected with noise levels > 97 dB re 1 mu Pa RMS in the 2 kHz decidecade band. Tagged seals spent most of their time within Marine Protected Areas but were still exposed to vessel noise. Only 32% of vessel passes were related to registered vessels according to AIS data.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Laura Stidsholt, Antoniya Hubancheva, Stefan Greif, Holger R. Goerlitz, Mark Johnson, Yossi Yovel, Peter T. Madsen, Yuuki Y. Watanabe
Summary: Using bat-borne tags and DNA metabarcoding of feces, this study confirms that greater mouse-eared bats make immediate foraging decisions based on changes in the environment and prey profitabilty. Despite lower success rates, bats primarily rely on high-risk, high-gain gleaning of ground prey due to their larger size, but switch to aerial hunting when the profitability of ground prey decreases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charlotte R. Findlay, Laia Rojano-Donate, Jakob Tougaard, Mark P. Johnson, Peter Teglberg Madsen
Summary: Global reductions in underwater radiated noise levels from cargo vessels are necessary to mitigate the accumulative impacts on marine wildlife. By utilizing a vessel exposure simulation model, we demonstrate that reducing vessel source levels through slowdowns and technological modifications can significantly decrease the area exposed to ship noise. Furthermore, despite the longer duration it takes for a slower vessel to pass an animal, slowdowns effectively mitigate all impacts to marine mammals. Hence, we suggest implementing speed reductions as an immediate solution to reduce cumulative noise impacts, which can be scalable from local areas to global ocean basins. Additionally, routing vessels away from critical habitats and employing technological modifications to minimize vessel noise can further supplement these efforts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simone K. A. Videsen, Malene Simon, Fredrik Christiansen, Ari Friedlaender, Jeremy Goldbogen, Hans Malte, Paolo Segre, Tobias Wang, Mark Johnson, Peter T. Madsen
Summary: Giant rorqual whales have a massive food turnover driven by a high-intake lunge feeding style, which is considered the largest biomechanical action. This feeding behavior, although high-drag, is energetically cheap, allowing rorquals to be flexible in exploiting different prey patches and resilient to environmental fluctuations and disturbance. As a result, the ecological role and food turnover of these marine giants are likely overestimated.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ciska Bakkeren, Michael Ladegaard, Kirstin Anderson Nansen, Magnus Wahlberg, Peter Teglberg Madsen, Laia Rojano-Donate
Summary: The dive response in marine mammals allows them to adapt their oxygen consumption to breath-hold duration and depth by adjusting peripheral vasoconstriction and heart rate. A study on a trained harbor porpoise showed that it halves its diving heart rate when blindfolded, indicating that sensory deprivation can enhance the dive response. This suggests that visual stimuli may play a more significant role in echolocating toothed whales than previously believed.
Article
Acoustics
Jamie Donald John Macaulay, Laia Rojano-Donate, Michael Ladegaard, Jakob Tougaard, Jonas Teilmann, Tiago A. Marques, Ursula Siebert, Peter Teglberg Madsen
Summary: This study investigates the impact of behavioral changes on the interpretation of acoustic monitoring data. The results show that the behavioral state of harbour porpoises has a significant effect on the probability of detecting clicks, highlighting the importance of considering animal behavior in the analysis of animal abundance.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Siri L. Elmegaard, Jonas Teilmann, Laia Rojano-Donate, Dennis Brennecke, Lonnie Mikkelsen, Jeppe D. Balle, Ulrich Gosewinkel, Line A. Kyhn, Pernille Tonnesen, Magnus Wahlberg, Andreas Ruser, Ursula Siebert, Peter Teglberg Madsen
Summary: This study investigates the physiological and behavioral responses of harbor porpoises to a commercial acoustic harassment device (AHD). The results show that AHD exposure can trigger startled responses, flight responses, and cardiac responses in porpoises, potentially impacting their blood-gas management, breath-hold capability, energy balance, stress levels, and risk of by-catch.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Elizabeth A. McHuron, Stephanie Adamczak, John P. Y. Arnould, Erin Ashe, Cormac Booth, W. Don Bowen, Fredrik Christiansen, Magda Chudzinska, Daniel P. Costa, Andreas Fahlman, Nicholas A. Farmer, Sarah M. E. Fortune, Cara A. Gallagher, Kelly A. Keen, Peter T. Madsen, Clive R. McMahon, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Dawn P. Noren, Shawn R. Noren, Enrico Pirotta, David A. S. Rosen, Cassie N. Speakman, Stella Villegas-Amtmann, Rob Williams
Summary: Bioenergetic approaches are used to understand the impact of changing aquatic environments on marine mammal populations. However, there is still much we don't know about marine mammal bioenergetics, which hinders the application of bioenergetic studies in policy decisions. This study identified high-priority unanswered questions in marine mammal bioenergetics, emphasizing those relevant to conservation and management. The results provide a framework for setting research priorities and informing policies to better protect marine mammal populations.
CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)