Article
Zoology
H. E. Cohen, E. A. Kane
Summary: Performance, linked to morphology, is influenced by environmental contexts and trait variation within species. This study found no local adaptation differences in prey capture performance traits among Trinidadian guppy populations, with competition in low predation habitats not leading to performance divergence compared to high predation habitats. Therefore, female guppies may be kinematic generalists with selection on prey capture possibly acting on feeding behaviors instead of performance traits.
JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Ben J. Hightower, Patrick W. A. Wijnings, Rick Scholte, Rivers Ingersoll, Diana D. Chin, Jade Nguyen, Daniel Shorr, David Lentink
Summary: The study showed that the humming sound of hummingbirds arises from the lift and drag forces on their wings, supporting their body weight. Comparing birds and insects, larger birds tend to be quieter while elongated flies are louder, explaining complex bioacoustic behavior.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Vivek Kumar Singh, Satya Swarup Srichandan, Hiran H. Lathabai
Summary: ResearchGate and Google Scholar often show different publication and citation data for the same authors, institutions, and journals. This article analyzes a large dataset of highly cited authors and finds significant differences in publications, citations, and metrics between the two platforms. The main probable reasons for these differences include coverage policy, indexing errors, author attribution mechanism, and strategy to deal with predatory publishing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sharline Madera, Emily Crawford, Charles Langelier, Nam K. Tran, Ed Thornborrow, Steve Miller, Joseph L. DeRisi
Summary: Current studies show that there is no significant difference in viral nucleic acid levels between young children and adults. This provides some insights for the safe reopening of schools.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alec McKenzie, Zachary Crowley-McHattan, Rudi Meir, John Whitting, Wynand Volschenk
Summary: This study compared the kinematics and muscle activation patterns of three common dip variations using 3D motion capture and surface electromyography (sEMG). Significant differences were found between the different dip variations in both kinematic and sEMG data. The bench dip predominantly targets the triceps brachii but requires greater shoulder extension range, while the bar dip and ring dip result in higher muscle activations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Fang-Yu Cheng, Yuanmay Chang, Shih-Jung Cheng, Jin-Siang Shaw, Chuo-Yu Lee, Pei-Hao Chen
Summary: Cognitive performance and physical function were found to be lower in individuals with MCR compared to MCI. However, the conclusions drawn may be influenced by the prioritization of MCR diagnosis in participant enrollment. Future studies should consider different enrollment strategies to clarify the characteristics of these two populations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sivabaskari Pasupathy, Sarena La, Rosanna Tavella, Christopher Zeitz, Matthew Worthley, Ajay Sinhal, Margaret Arstall, John F. Beltrame
Summary: This study compares the chest pain characteristics between MINOCA and MICAD patients and finds no significant differences in terms of pain location, quality, associated symptoms, or duration. This suggests that the chest pain experienced by MINOCA patients is similar to that of MICAD patients, indicating an ischemic nature.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Derek R. Manis, Ahmad Rahim, Jeffrey W. Poss, Iwona A. Bielska, Susan E. Bronskill, Jean-Eric Tarride, Julia Abelson, Andrew P. Costa
Summary: This study identified characteristics of assisted living facilities that offer dementia care programs, finding that these facilities tend to house more older adults, have more suites, and offer at least five of other regulated care services. The prevalence of dementia care programs was higher in facilities offering assistance with feeding and medical services.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kelvin C. Fong, Michelle L. Bell
Summary: This study found that immigrants in the United States are exposed to slightly higher levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) compared to US-born individuals, resulting in higher premature mortality rates. Disparities between immigrant groups were more pronounced among those originating from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Time since immigration did not significantly impact these disparities.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Seung Yong Shin, Jie-Hyun Kim, Myeong-Cherl Kook, Do Youn Park, Keun Won Ryu, Il Ju Choi, Sung Hoon Noh, Hyunki Kim, Yong Chan Lee
Summary: This study found that papillary gastric cancer carries a higher risk of lymph node metastasis compared to other types of differentiated early gastric cancer. Lymphovascular invasion was identified as the significant risk factor for lymph node metastasis in submucosal papillary gastric cancer, with tumor size and invasion depth also playing a role in the risk assessment.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Changhee Lee, Yuto Miyahara, Takeshi Abe, Kohei Miyazaki
Summary: This study aims to investigate the electrochemical properties of Ni-rich LiNixCoyMnzO2 materials in both aqueous and non-aqueous systems. The results show that the electrochemical properties of the Ni-rich materials deteriorate more severely in the aqueous solution, mainly due to the dissolution of Ni ions into the solution.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Review
Biology
Rebecca J. Lewis
Summary: Thorlief Schjelderup-Ebbe's research on the "pecking" order of chickens has influenced ethologists to study dominance and power. Aggression is just one way to exert power, and sometimes it indicates a lack of power. Power can also be exerted through incentives and refusal to act. The stability of power relationships may vary depending on the methods used, and in some cases, subordinate individuals' actions or responses may be the only indicator of power differences.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Jameal F. Samhouri, Adrian C. Stier
Summary: Research shows that invasive lionfish are less abundant than native mesopredators and have similar impacts on local prey compared to native predators. Therefore, lionfish management should take into account local ecological and social dynamics, including prey community composition, the roles of native mesopredators, and conservation and fisheries goals. Recognition of regional context has the potential to create synergies between conservation actions addressing invasion and other related issues like overexploitation and climate change.
Article
Oncology
Ayu Yamaguchi, Makoto Ishitobi, Naomi Nagura, Ayaka Shimo, Hirohito Seki, Akiko Ogiya, Teruhisa Sakurai, Yukiko Seto, Chiya Oshiro, Shinsuke Sasada, Michiko Kato, Takahiko Kawate, Naoto Kondo, Kazutaka Narui, Tsuyoshi Nakagawa, Hiroko Nogi, Chikako Yamauchi, Koichiro Tsugawa, Yuka Kajiura, Tadahiko Shien
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics and prognostic factors of local recurrence after nipple-sparing mastectomy. It shows that NAR and oLR groups have different patient characteristics and tumor features. In the NAR group, LR tumor invasiveness is the only factor associated with DFS, while in the oLR group, age at primary surgery is the only factor associated with DFS.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mehdi Ammi, Jonas Fooken, Jill Klein, Anthony Scott
Summary: Personality differences between doctors and patients can affect treatment outcomes. Doctors tend to be more agreeable, conscientious, extroverted, and neurotic compared to the general population and patients. Patients are more open than doctors. Doctors also have a more external locus of control compared to the general population but not compared to patients. There are minor differences in personality traits among doctors with different specialities.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Romain Pintore, Alexandra Houssaye, Sterling J. Nesbitt, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: This study investigates the morphological variation in femora of archosauriforms, identifying key features that vary between bipedal and quadrupedal taxa, with a stronger association between locomotor mode and bone morphology than phylogeny. The research also highlights the impact of body size on morphological variation and demonstrates distinct allometric trajectories for bipedal and quadrupedal archosauriforms. Additionally, the study reveals a covariation between locomotor mode and body size, with variations in femoral bowing and the fourth trochanter, which emphasizes the importance of considering body size in the evolutionary history and functional morphology of early archosauriforms.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Stephen M. Gatesy, Armita R. Manafzadeh, Peter J. Bishop, Morgan L. Turner, Robert E. Kambic, Andrew R. Cuff, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: This paper discusses the dominance of the last common ancestor of birds and crocodylians in terrestrial Mesozoic ecosystems and the importance of studying archosaur skeletal structure using 3-D digital models. The authors propose a standard methodological approach for measuring the position and orientation of the major segments of the archosaur pelvis and hindlimb in 3-D, providing examples with extant guineafowl and alligator. These proposed conventions can also be applied to different vertebrate clades to compare posture and movement.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Andrew R. Cuff, Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, Peter J. Bishop, Krijn B. Michel, Raphaelle Gaignet, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: In vertebrates, muscle forces acting on bones drive active movement. This study investigates the relationship between physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) and muscular attachment areas (AAs) in hindlimb muscles of Nile crocodiles and bird species. Findings show variations in the ratio between AAs and PCSA within and across species, but muscle fascicle lengths are consistent within individual species. Equations can predict the ratio of muscle AA to PCSA, and this method can be used to estimate muscle sizes in archosaurian muscles.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oliver E. Demuth, Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Birds and crocodylians, the remaining members of Archosauria, have major differences in posture and gait. The ancestral capabilities of bipedalism in archosaurs are contentious. Euparkeria capensis, a central taxon for studying locomotion in archosaurs, is argued to be facultatively bipedal, but no biomechanical tests have been performed. Through musculoskeletal models and simulations, it is unlikely that Euparkeria was bipedal, suggesting ancestral bipedal abilities in Archosauria are unlikely.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: The water-to-land transition of the first tetrapod vertebrates is a crucial stage in their evolution. Through the study of bone microanatomy in reptiles, we can gain insights into the mechanisms behind their locomotor and postural diversity. We have developed a model to infer locomotion in extinct reptiles based on microanatomical parameters and have applied it to 7 taxa with debated locomotion strategies.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: Mammals have a long evolutionary history and are now one of the most diverse groups of tetrapod vertebrates. This diversity is reflected in their postural variations and microanatomical differences in the bones. The study shows how these anatomical parameters can be related to posture and provides a model that can be used to infer the posture of extinct synapsids.
JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION
(2023)
Correction
Evolutionary Biology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: Reptiles, including lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and birds, exhibit a diverse range of locomotion and limb bone microstructure. This study quantitatively examines the relationship between angular microanatomical parameters of reptilian femoral cross-sections and locomotion using elliptic Fourier transforms and statistical analyses. Results show that while phylogeny plays a significant role, a functional signal exists, with bipeds showing a craniolateral-caudomedial deficit in bone compactness, and quadrupeds showing a dorsoventral deficit. These findings provide insights into the complex interplay between phylogeny, femoral cross-sectional microanatomy, and locomotion in reptiles.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sophie Macaulay, Tatjana Hoehfurtner, Samuel R. R. Cross, Ryan D. Marek, John R. Hutchinson, Emma R. Schachner, Alice E. Maher, Karl T. Bates
Summary: Research challenges the traditional dichotomy between dinosaurs and birds, showing that their evolution is not strictly defined by phylogenetics, but rather by the different demands of terrestrial and flight lifestyles. The evolution of body shape and mass distribution in birds suggests modularity, with powered flight evolving before fully crouched bipedalism.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Jordan Gonet, Michel Laurin, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Extant amniotes exhibit diverse postures. Limbs with erect or crouched postures are found in different taxa based on their locomotion and body mass. The postural transition from sprawling to erect limbs occurred in both reptiles and synapsids during the Mesozoic Era. This study examines the link between femoral posture and trabecular architecture using phylogenetic analysis, revealing conflicting results regarding the evolution of posture in amniotes.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mauro B. S. Lacerda, Jonathas S. Bittencourt, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: The study analyzed the macroevolution of the locomotor system in early Theropoda, with a focus on Megalosauroidea. By scoring Spinosaurus and mapping the modifications onto a phylogeny, the researchers studied the disparities in the evolution of Megalosauroidea. The findings provide a stronger foundation for future studies on pelvic/appendicular musculature and locomotor function.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Mauro B. S. Lacerda, Jonathas S. Bittencourt, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: This study reconstructs the hindlimb musculature of Piatnitzkysauridae, providing a more complete understanding of myological evolution in theropod pelvic appendages.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Max J. Kurz, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Elephants use visual feedback to correct and maintain the proper sequencing of their limbs during locomotion.
Article
Anthropology
Julia van Beesel, John R. Hutchinson, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Stephanie Melillo
Summary: Contrary to previous hypotheses, this study found that the morphological differences between human and ape shoulders do not enhance the arm-raising mechanism, but instead enhance the arm-lowering mechanism. The arm-lowering capacity was found to be greater in gorillas compared to humans, due to greater maximum isometric force capacities and moment arms of important arm-lowering muscles. These findings highlight the importance of a strong arm-lowering mechanism for arboreal locomotor behavior in nonhuman apes and improve our understanding of adaptation in living apes and the hominin fossil record.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, Oliver E. Demuth, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Synopsis X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) allows researchers to observe musculoskeletal movements. IK marker-guided rotoscoping is a method that combines inverse kinematic solvers with traditional scientific rotoscoping methods to overlay 3D bone geometries with X-ray shadows from XROMM data and salvage data with few markers.
INTEGRATIVE ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
