Serologic Responses of West Nile Virus Seronegative Mature Horses to West Nile Virus Vaccines

A 42-day study was conducted to assess the impact of three West Nile virus vaccines given either as separate injections or incorporated with their counterpart equine encephalitis and tetanus vaccines on serological responses under field use conditions. Two hundred forty mature, West Nile virus seronegative (<4) horses were followed serologically pre- and postprimary and secondary vaccination with six different vaccination programs, all including West Nile virus antigens. Forty horses were unvaccinated sentinel horses. All vaccines stimulated both a primary and secondary (booster) response to vaccination that was significantly higher than that of seronegative controls. However, inclusion of West Nile virus with equine encephalitis viruses and tetanus toxoid in vaccines had a significant detrimental impact on West Nile virus serum neutralization antibody production to both the primary and secondary vaccinations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.