Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 954-961Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60115-6
Keywords
regeneration; removal; ammonium; potassium; natural zeolite
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Funding
- IMUS
- bio-waste utilization group, Alberta Research Council, Canada
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2009SD-8]
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Highly efficient regeneration of natural zeolite was developed in conjunction with the removal of high concentrations of ammonia and potassium from the reverse osmosis effluent of anaerobic-digested wastewater by fixed-bed ion exchange. The elution and uptake behavior of ammonium and potassium in the fixed bed were studied. Both batch desorption tests and on-column regeneration were conducted to develop an optimum regeneration condition compatible with the wastewater requirements. The effectiveness of ammonium elution increased with increasing alkaline concentration. The increase of salt dose significantly enhanced the ammonium maximum in the elution solution. Complete ammonium elution was achieved in 6 bed volumes (BV) when the alkaline and salt concentrations were respectively 0.1 mol/L and 18.6 g/L at a flow rate of 2.5-3.0 BV/hr. Due to the higher affinity of potassium with natural clinoptilolite, complete potassium elution was not achieved in all cases.
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