Article
Engineering, Environmental
N. Pichel, H. Lubarsky, A. Afkhami, V. Baldasso, L. Botero, J. Salazar, M. Hincapie, J. A. Byrne, P. Fernandez-Ibanez
Summary: The study assessed the impact of particulate matter and NOM on UVC disinfection efficiency, finding that the presence of HA significantly reduced the inactivation rate of MS2, while turbidity had a minimal effect on UVC disinfection efficiency.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Collin Knox Coleman, John Kim, Emily S. Bailey, Lydia S. Abebe, Joe Brown, Otto D. D. Simmons III, Mark D. Sobsey
Summary: Conventional water treatment practices using chlorine as disinfectant may not effectively inactivate resistant pathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum. This study evaluates the efficacy of free bromine as an alternative disinfectant and finds that at a concentration of 5 mg/L, bromine reduces C. parvum infectivity by 0.6 log compared to only 0.4 log by chlorine. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of bromine and chlorine in reducing Bacillus atrophaeus spores and MS2 coliphage by 4 log.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Suniti Singh, Robert Pitchers, Francis Hassard
Summary: This mini-review evaluates the types and sources of coliphages and their behavior in aquatic systems. Coliphages, mainly somatic and F+ types, are used as indicators of fecal contamination and reflect the risks of exposure to human enteric viruses. However, coliphage abundances do not consistently correlate with human enteric virus abundance. Coliphages have highly variable surface characteristics that govern their partitioning and removal during water treatment. The potential use of coliphages in aquatic microbiology is also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chih-Wei Pai, Gen-Shuh Wang
Summary: The study found that a higher concentration of oxidants resulted in better removal of PPCPs. The efficiency of removal of selected PPCPs was greatly improved when chlorine or hydrogen peroxide was used in combination with UV. While UV/Chlorine had higher PPCP removal efficiency than UV/H2O2, the latter resulted in smaller amounts of disinfection by-products in treated water.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiang Li, Catherine A. Kelty, Mano Sivaganesan, Orin C. Shanks
Summary: This study assessed the potential of somatic and F+ coliphage methods as routine surface water quality monitoring tools, and the importance of genetic markers for prioritizing pollution sources. Findings suggest that the selection of general fecal indicators for routine water quality monitoring can influence the interpretation of host-associated genetic marker measurements, leading to prioritization of different pollutant sources for remediation. Differences between Great Lake beach and river sites indicate the need for disparate management practices for each water type.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ying Gao, Zhe Sun, Ying Guo, Zhimin Qiang, Weiwei Ben
Summary: The efficacy of disinfection processes in water treatment plants in preventing the spread of viruses during the COVID-19 outbreak is unclear. This study analyzed the effects of different disinfection processes, such as UV and chlorine, on waterborne viruses using bacteriophage surrogates. The results showed that sequential UV-chlorine disinfection had a synergistic effect on virus inactivation, and UV irradiation enhanced the sensitivity of viruses to subsequent chlorination.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tuqiao Zhang, Kexin Li, Xiaowei Liu
Summary: This study investigated the changes in biofilm DBP formation potential in continuous-flow DWDS subjected to UV-Cl2 treatments. The results showed that the minimum biofilm DBP formation potential was observed at a UV dose of 80 mJ/cm2, and the bacterial community composition and metabolic function were also affected by UV-Cl2 treatment. Additionally, the UV-Cl2 disinfection process led to changes in the water matrix, which influenced the properties of biofilm EPS and DBP formation potential.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daniel Ma, Mark H. Weir, Natalie M. Hull
Summary: Ultraviolet disinfection is a promising solution for decentralized drinking water systems, but photorepair of pathogens after UV disinfection poses a health risk. This study constructed a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for photorepair after UV disinfection of drinking water in a decentralized system. The risk of infection was found to be below 1-in-10,000 under certain conditions. The model can be expanded to other pathogens and used to inform the placement of community water access points to reduce photorepair risk and ensure safe storage of UV disinfected water.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Diego Sales-Lerida, Juan Grosso, Pedro Manuel Martinez-Jimenez, Manuel Manzano
Summary: The lack of safe drinking water is a major health issue in many regions of the world. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) proposes the use of transparent plastic containers filled with contaminated water and exposed to sunlight to inactivate pathogens. This paper proposes an electronic device to determine the end of the disinfection process, which is low-cost and sustainable.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kyungho Kim, Jothikumar Narayanan, Anindito Sen, Shankararaman Chellam
Summary: Iron electrocoagulation effectively removes and inactivates non-enveloped viruses under slightly acidic conditions, producing reactive oxygen species that can destroy viruses. It also causes morphological damages to viral capsids, showing promise as a technology for small-scale distributed water treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Hechao Chen, Jidao Xie, Chengxiang Huang, Yining Liang, Yulin Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Yuhua Ling, Lei Wang, Qi Zheng, Xiaoqiu Yang
Summary: A database of 6310 disinfection by-products (DBPs) reported between 1974 and 2022 was constructed, providing a tool for screening new DBPs, comprehensive review, and predictive model development. The study presented the origin of the collected DBPs and conducted comparative analysis on their basic information. Most DBPs remained to be identified, with acids as the main functional groups, aliphatic and aromatic compounds as the major carbon frameworks, and molecular weights ranging from 200 to 400 Da.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
James Blyth, Lucinda Hazell, Michael R. Templeton
Summary: Culture-based methods are essential for detecting and enumerating bacteria and viruses in water samples. In the context of UV disinfection, they are used for reactor validation in drinking water treatment systems. This research demonstrates that ELISA can be utilized for detecting thymine dimers in DNA from total microbial populations in pre-disinfection drinking water as a dosimeter for UV disinfection.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhengdi Wu, Fei Lou, Yubin Tang, Huiyu Dong, Zhimin Qiang
Summary: The degradation kinetics of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant in the UV/chlorine process was comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the degradation of SDBS by UV, chlorine and UV/chlorine all followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The main contributors to SDBS degradation were found to be UV, HO center dot and reactive chlorine species (RCS). Meanwhile, chlorinated disinfection by-products (Cl-DBPs) including trichloromethane (TCM) and chloral hydrate (CH) were formed during UV/chlorine treatment, along with a large number of unknown by-products.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Julie A. Napotnik, Derek Baker, Kristen L. Jellison
Summary: The study found that different-sized biosand filters showed varying effectiveness in removing bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, with the addition of iron nails significantly improving bacteria and protozoan removal. Both pause period and filter type influenced virus removal, with scaled-down biosand filters providing a viable household water treatment option for those still lacking access to improved water sources.
Editorial Material
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
William A. Mitch
Summary: Rapid growth in China has led to concerns about the impact of industrial pollution on drinking water and health. A recent study suggests that high levels of bladder cancer may be attributed to concentrations of disinfection byproducts.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Minkyu Park, Shane A. Snyder
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Keisuke Ikehata, Yuanyuan Zhao, Harshad V. Kulkarni, Yuan Li, Shane A. Snyder, Kenneth P. Ishida, Michael A. Anderson
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kevin D. Daniels, Minkyu Park, Zhenzhen Huang, Ai Jia, Guillermo S. Flores, Hian Kee Lee, Shane A. Snyder
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shenglan Jia, Caixia Li, Mingliang Fang, Mauricius Marques Dos Santos, Shane A. Snyder
Summary: In this study, metabolomics and XF analysis were used to investigate the effects of Bisphenol analogues (BPs) on liver metabolism. The results showed significant alterations in metabolite profiles associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation after exposure to BPs. Different BPs also interfered with different metabolic pathways.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Yun Yang, Xiangru Zhang, Jingyi Jiang, Jiarui Han, Wanxin Li, Xiaoyan Li, Kenneth Mei Yee Leung, Shane A. Snyder, Pedro J. J. Alvarez
Summary: This review examines the issue of micropollutants in aquatic environments and presents a ranked list of globally important micropollutants for risk management and remediation efforts.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Hao Guo, Ruobin Dai, Ming Xie, Lu Elfa Peng, Zhikan Yao, Zhe Yang, Long D. Nghiem, Shane A. Snyder, Zhiwei Wang, Chuyang Y. Tang
Summary: Membrane-based water reuse through reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) faces a critical challenge from organic micropollutants (OMPs). Conventional polyamide RO and NF membranes often lack adequate selectivity to achieve sufficient removal of toxic and harmful OMPs in water. This review critically analyzes the roles of membrane chemistry and structure on the removal of OMPs and highlights opportunities and strategies toward more selective removal of OMPs in the context of water reuse.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuru Wang, Yingying Xiang, Mauricius Marques dos Santos, Gaoling Wei, Bin Jiang, Shane Snyder, Chii Shang, Jean-Philippe Croue
Summary: UV/chlorine process is effective in eliminating pathogens and refractory micro-pollutants in the reclamation of municipal secondary effluent. However, the high organic nitrogen content of effluent organic matter (EfOM) can lead to the formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) of health concern. This study tracked the molecular-level changes of hydrophobic (HPO) and transphilic (TPI) EfOM fractions during UV/chlorine treatment and observed the formation of diverse and intense N-DBPs. Toxicity bioassays showed that these N-DBPs can induce oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. The study highlights the importance of evaluating EfOM characteristics and transformation for the practical application of the UV/chlorine process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mauricius Marques dos Santos, Caixia Li, Shane Allen Snyder
Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become widely used worldwide to track disease spread during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many current studies lack systematic approaches and quality epidemiological data to fully evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of WBE methods. This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of WBE approaches under low disease prevalence and their ability to provide early warning. The results show that wastewater monitoring can achieve high precision and accuracy for case detection at low disease prevalence levels.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mauricius Marques dos Santos, Shane Allen Snyder
Summary: The occurrence of polymer additive DPG in bottled water samples has been comprehensively assessed and found to have a detection frequency of 40% and concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 7.4 ng/L. The impact of bottled water consumption on human exposure is estimated to be of the same magnitude as that of drinking tap water.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Shane Snyder
Review
Environmental Sciences
Theodora H. Y. Lee, Joon Chuah, Shane A. Snyder
Summary: The status of emerging contaminant profiles in Southeast Asia is unclear and often overshadowed by research conducted in developed regions. High population density and poor sanitation infrastructure in Southeast Asia introduce large amounts of emerging contaminants into the aquatic environment. Antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and phthalate esters are among the most frequently studied groups of emerging contaminants in this region. Overutilization of antibiotics and pesticides in Southeast Asia's agrarian economies poses a major threat to aquatic environments and human health.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhenlian Qi, Teik-Thye Lim, Shane A. Snyder, Shijie You, Faqian Sun, Taicheng An
Summary: This study investigated the impact of Ca2+ on the performance of an iron-based electrocoagulation system and found that an appropriate Ca2+ concentration significantly improved the efficiency of the concomitant electro-Fenton reactions, leading to enhanced degradation of organic pollutants.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Warren M. Kadoya, Camila L. Madeira, Christiane Hoppe-Jones, Tom Solsten, Shane A. Snyder, Robert A. Root, Reyes Sierra-Alvarez, Jon Chorover, Jim A. Field
Summary: This study reveals that the commonly occurring manganese(IV) secondary mineral birnessite can catalyze the chlorination of guaiacol, a natural organic compound found in lignocellulose. The formation of chloroguaiacols is dependent on the concentration of chloride, and oxygen is not required for the MnO2-mediated chlorination process. This mechanism can explain the detection of organochlorines in forest soils, where manganese accumulation during the decomposition of wood and leaf litter occurs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yogesh Somasundar, Minkyu Park, Kevin D. Daniels, Genoa R. Warner, Alexander D. Ryabov, Shane A. Snyder, Terrence J. Collins
Summary: This study demonstrated the use of TAML/peroxide to reduce micropollutants in secondary municipal wastewater, showing that this method can rival ozone in technical performance, especially the highest-performance 2/H2O2 system. The data suggests that this new approach could effectively treat municipal wastewater micropollutants and warrants further optimization.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Minkyu Park, Doorae Lee, Shane A. Snyder
Summary: Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a useful tool for understanding the distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM), but the limitations of a single analytical column often oversimplify the interpretation. A chemometric method using nonnegative matrix factorization was applied to deconvolute SEC chromatograms, revealing insights into the distribution of organic matter and the effects of ozone treatment on biodegradability. The development of GUI software for SEC chromatogram deconvolution provides a novel approach for interpreting SEC chromatograms.
