Contribution of Traffic-Generated Nonexhaust PAHs, Elemental Carbon, and Organic Carbon Emission to Air and Urban Runoff Pollution

Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and size distributions of particulate matter from summer tire-concrete road interaction were studied. Based on particle size distribution, particles were categorized in three groups: (1) PM10 (0.02%); (2) PM10-100 (44.20%); and (3) PM100-2,000 (55.78%). The emission factor for total of four PAHs [fluoranthene, phenenthrene, pyrene, and benzo(ghi)perylene] was estimated as 378 ng tire(-1) km(-1) for small cars (engine displacement volume <= 1,000 cm(3); load <= 170 kg tire(-1)). Out of eight PAHS analyzed in particles (all sizes), the main PAH compounds were pyrene (54%) and benzo(ghi)perylene (21%). Emission factors for EC and OC were 1.46 and 2.37 mg tire(-1) km(-1).