Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jami Paparao, S. Murugan
Summary: This research investigates the engine behavior of a compression ignition engine operated in dual-fuel mode with HHO as the primary fuel. The results show that using HHO can improve the engine's thermal efficiency and diesel combustion efficiency at maximum load, while reducing exhaust gas temperature and emissions of pollutants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bohua Sun, Lin Zhang, Shuai Zhao, Qiang Liu, Fei Luo, Heng Wu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of cetane number, pilot injection ratio, and pilot injection timing on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. The results showed that increasing the pilot injection ratio and cetane number improved combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency, but led to higher CO, HC, and NOx emissions. Additionally, increasing the pilot injection ratio reduced the concentration of particulate matter.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ebrahim Nadimi, Grzegorz Przybyla, Terese Lovas, Grzegorz Peczkis, Wojciech Adamczyk
Summary: This study investigates the combustion, emissions, and engine performance of liquid ammonia compared to pure biodiesel in a diesel engine. The results show that increasing ammonia energy share can significantly reduce cylinder temperature but deteriorate indicated thermal efficiency. Furthermore, retarding ammonia injection timing can effectively reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and ammonia.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hyunwook Park, Euijoon Shim, Junsun Lee, Seungmook Oh, Changup Kim, Yonggyu Lee, Kernyong Kang
Summary: The combination of a double injection strategy and a large-squish piston significantly improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced methane emissions, mainly by improving combustion loss.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Longlong Xu, Haochuan Dong, Shaohua Liu, Lizhong Shen, Yuhua Bi
Summary: This paper constructs and verifies the combustion mechanism of diesel/hydrogen dual fuel, and studies the effects of pilot injection and main injection on the combustion and emissions of a diesel/hydrogen dual fuel engine through three-dimensional numerical simulation. The results show that the mechanism can well predict the combustion and emissions of a diesel/hydrogen dual fuel engine, and the adjustment of injection timing can improve the performance and emissions of the engine.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mustafa Deniz Altinkurt, Yunus Emre Ozturk, Ali Turkcan
Summary: High carbon alcohols have gained research interest in diesel engines. The effects of increasing their fractions in diesel-biodiesel blends were investigated on combustion, injection, performance and emission parameters. The results showed that increasing high carbon alcohol fraction in the blends had an impact on combustion and emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sadashiva Lalsangi, V. S. Yaliwal, N. R. Banapurmath, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Umit Agbulut, M. A. Kalam
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of fuel injection and hydrogen injection on the combustion and exhaust characteristics of a diesel engine. The results showed that multiple injections reduced thermal efficiency but decreased NOx emissions, and changed cylinder pressure and heat release rate compared to the traditional fuel injection method.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mukund Kumar, Subrata Bhowmik, Abhishek Paul
Summary: This study highlights the impact of fuel injection pressure and timing on the performance, combustion, and emission of a hydrogen dual fuel engine using Jatropha biodiesel as pilot fuel. Higher fuel injection pressure and timing improve engine efficiency and combustion, while reducing unburned hydrocarbon and soot emissions. However, nitrogen oxide emissions increase.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhongshu Wang, Fangyuan Zhang, Ye Xia, Dan Wang, Yun Xu, Guizhi Du
Summary: This study investigated the impact of pilot diesel injection timing on combustion phases of diesel and natural gas in a dual fuel engine, showing that injection timing plays a crucial role in determining engine thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions level. The results revealed a clear correspondence between the lengths of combustion period of two fuels, with advancing pilot diesel injection resulting in shortened combustion durations and increased combustion overlap periods.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Heng Wu, Fangxi Xie, Yongqiang Han, Qiaosheng Zhang, Yinlong Li
Summary: The cetane number significantly affects the combustion and emissions of diesel engines. As the cetane number increases, the peak in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate decrease, while the coupling injection pressure, NOx emissions, and the number concentration and total mass of particulate matter increase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kang Pan, James S. Wallace
Summary: This paper proposes new designs to solve the emission issues in a heavy-duty direct-injection natural gas engine. The impacts of these design changes on fuel injection and combustion emissions were computationally investigated. Compared to the base case, a new injector with two nozzle sizes greatly reduced the fuel injected into the shield, achieving significant reductions in unburned CH4 and soot particles. However, a new shield design with five openings did not improve the flow route for fuel out of the shield and resulted in an increase in unburned CH4 and soot mass.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenhui Tao, Tao Sun, Wenjun Guo, Kangbo Lu, Lei Shi, He Lin
Summary: Diesel fuel pilot injection timing, pilot mass percent, and methanol substitution rate were experimentally investigated to study their effects on the combustion and emissions of a diesel-methanol dual fuel engine. The results showed that adding pilot injection advanced the ignition time and increased the heat release rate. With the increase in pilot mass percent, the peak in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate increased. Furthermore, at high methanol substitution rates, advancing the pilot injection timing, increasing the pilot mass percent, and combining exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were found to improve combustion performance and reduce emissions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Edwin Geo Varuvel, Sathyanarayanan Seetharaman, Femilda Josephin Joseph Shobana Bai, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Dhinesh Balasubramanian
Summary: This study compared the effects of different alternative fuels and blend concentrations on the performance and emissions of diesel engines, and found that rubber seed oil (RSO) can significantly reduce smoke and nitrogen oxides, as well as improve engine performance when used in dual fuel mode with hydrogen and diethyl ether. An artificial neural network and response surface methodology model were developed to predict various parameters based on experimental results. The study concludes that response surface methodology is the best suitable artificial intelligence tool for optimizing engine performance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kang Pan, James Wallace
Summary: The study revealed that fuel injection duration, injector nozzle size, and injection angle can significantly impact natural gas combustion characteristics. Shorter injection duration reduces peak cylinder pressure and emissions, but insufficient injected fuel mass may lead to flame propagation failure. Injector nozzle size influences combustion type, with small nozzles inducing diffusion combustion and large nozzles inducing partially premixed combustion. Fuel injection angle affects combustion by modifying flame propagation from the glow plug shield.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tiantian Yang, Dongdong Chen, Lei Liu, Longyan Zhang, Tie Wang, Guoxing Li, Haiwei Chen, Yao Chen
Summary: To reduce emissions and save energy, alternative fuel and dual-fuel mode have been widely applied in diesel engines. The effects of a diesel fuel pilot injection strategy on the performance of an ethanol/F-T diesel dual-fuel engine were experimentally investigated. The results show that pilot injection timing has a small effect on combustion characteristics parameters but tends to decrease soot, NOx, and CO emissions.
Review
Respiratory System
M. Mondoni, R. F. Rinaldo, P. Carlucci, S. Terraneo, L. Saderi, S. Centanni, G. Sotgiu
Summary: Flexible bronchoscopy is a crucial tool for diagnosis and treatment, especially for mediastinal lymph adenopathies and peripheral lung nodules. This article reviews the scientific evidence on the indications, contraindications, diagnostic yield, and safety of different bronchoscopic sampling techniques. It also evaluates factors affecting diagnostic yield and navigational methods, and introduces preliminary data on newer sampling techniques.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anh Tuan Hoang, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo, Antonio Paolo Carlucci, Aykut I. Olcer, Anh Tuan Le, Abbas Ghassemi
Summary: The article explores the production of biofuels from free fatty acid-rich rice bran oil and evaluates its application in diesel engines in terms of effectiveness and economic feasibility. Research suggests that a blend of 20% rice bran oil biodiesel and 80% petrodiesel is the most optimal composition considering both technical and economic aspects.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Letter
Respiratory System
Michele Mondoni, Paolo Carlucci, Giuseppe Cipolla, Nicolo Vanoni, Alessandro Fois, Pietro Pirina, Antonella Arcadu, Stefano Gasparini, Martina Bonifazi, Silvia Marani, Andrea Comel, Laura Saderi, Stefano Pavesi, Fausta Alfano, Rocco Rinaldo, Giulia Veronesi, Stefano Centanni, Giovanni Sotgiu
ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Teresa Donateo, Antonio Ficarella
Summary: This study proposes a new methodology for the design and energy analysis of air-taxi services in Urban Air Mobility. The research compares the CO2 emissions of different power systems and evaluates them against road vehicles. The results show that full electric air-taxis have advantages in low emission intensity and unfavorable driving conditions. The study also assesses the impact of battery aging on air taxi consumption and consecutive flights.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nicola Menga, Akhila Mothakani, Maria Grazia De Giorgi, Radoslaw Przysowa, Antonio Ficarella
Summary: In this study, a data-driven model based on artificial neural networks (ANN) and extreme learning machine (ELM) was used to estimate the performance degradation of micro turbojets. The impact of component degradation on both flight and sea level conditions was simulated, and the ELM algorithm showed high prediction accuracy even with a small number of sensors.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Teresa Donateo, Ludovica Spada Chiodo, Antonio Ficarella, Andrea Lunaro
Summary: An increasing number of aerospace manufacturers are focusing on the development of new solutions in Urban Air Mobility, with a particular emphasis on electric and hybrid electric propulsive systems. This study analyzes the dynamic behavior of a parallel hybrid electric propulsive system for a coaxial-rotor air taxi and demonstrates improved performance compared to a conventional turboshaft configuration during transient maneuvers.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Teresa Castiglione, Diego Perrone, Luciano Strafella, Antonio Ficarella, Sergio Bova
Summary: This research proposes linear models for advanced control systems and direct fuel control in the presence of component degradation. Results show high accuracy in predicting output engine variables for both models, with mean errors below 1%. The Small Perturbation approach is identified as the best candidate for controller development when predicting component degradation.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Maria Grazia De Giorgi, Nicola Menga, Antonio Ficarella
Summary: Maintenance is crucial for aircraft engines to ensure safe flights, prolong engine life, and manage costs. Modern maintenance plans utilize diagnostic and prognostic techniques, such as Engine Health Monitoring, to optimize cost management. This paper discusses the mechanisms of engine component degradation and their impact on engine performance, as well as commonly used data reduction and diagnostic and prognostic techniques.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Ghazanfar Mehdi, Maria Grazia De Giorgi, Sara Bonuso, Zubair Ali Shah, Giacomo Cinieri, Antonio Ficarella
Summary: This study investigates the kinetic modeling of CH4/H-2/Air mixture with nanosecond pulse discharge (NSPD) and found that adding H-2 and plasma excitation can increase flame speed. The highest improvement (35%) was seen with 20% H-2 and 1.2 mJ plasma energy input. Lean conditions at low flame temperature resulted in significant improvement in flame speed. Combining 20% H-2 and NSPD also increased the flammability limit and reduced NOx emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Antonio Caricato, Antonio Paolo Carlucci, Magda Elvira Cassone Potenza, Domenico Laforgia, Marco Torresi, Luciano Strafella
Summary: The tendency of hydrogen to autoignite limits its use as a fuel in internal combustion engines. This study investigates this issue through experiments and numerical simulations, characterizing the phenomena occurring after hydrogen injection and the thermo-fluid dynamic field inside the combustion chamber.
Article
Respiratory System
Michele Mondoni, Stefano Gasparini, Francesco Varone, Rocco Trisolini, Laura Mancino, Giulio Rossi, Paolo Carlucci, Martina Bonifazi, Federico Mei, Lina Zuccatosta, Lucio Michieletto, Federica Pitari, Laura Saderi, Luca Richeldi, Stefano Centanni, Giovanni Sotgiu
Summary: This study evaluated the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) for the diagnosis and molecular profiling of paraesophageal pulmonary lesions. The results showed that EUS-B-FNA is a safe and accurate method for diagnosing paraesophageal pulmonary lesions. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) was identified as an important factor in achieving a complete molecular profiling.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
M. Mondoni, G. Rossi, P. Carlucci, G. Nalesso, S. Centanni, G. Sotgiu
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Ali Aghazadeh Ardebili, Elio Padoano, Antonella Longo, Antonio Ficarella
Summary: This study aims to examine and overcome the risks in transitioning processes through the ROAM method to take advantage of opportunities. The result shows that a new solution is the most cost-effective way to increase system resilience. The comparison with traditional methods in a case study reveals the advantage of ROAM in dealing with risky opportunities.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Maria Grazia De Giorgi, Luciano Strafella, Nicola Menga, Antonio Ficarella
Summary: An efficient maintenance plan is crucial for aeronautical companies to enhance flight safety and reduce costs. This study developed an intelligent diagnostic tool using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Feed-Forward Neural Networks (FFNNs), along with Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), to predict the Performance Parameters (PPs) of engine components. The results demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of the hybrid KPCA-FFNNs in detecting degraded components and estimating their performance.
Article
Respiratory System
Michele Mondoni, Paolo Carlucci, Rocco Rinaldo, Giuseppe Cipolla, Nicolo Vanoni, Alessandro Fois, Pietro Pirina, Stefano Gasparini, Martina Bonifazi, Silvia Marani, Andrea Comel, Laura Saderi, Beatrice Vigo, Fausta Alfano, Paolo Solidoro, Stefano Centanni, Giovanni Sotgiu
Summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical features and long-term prognostic outcomes of patients with hemoptysis related to upper airways diseases. It was found that most patients had mild hemoptysis with a good overall prognosis, and bronchoscopy and ENT evaluation were crucial for diagnosis.
MINERVA RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)