4.5 Article

Transforming growth factor β2 regulates growth and differentiation of pulp cells via ALK5/Smad2/3

Journal

JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS
Volume 34, Issue 4, Pages 427-432

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.02.007

Keywords

alkaline phosphatase; cell growth; dental pulp; differentiation; signaling; Smad; transforming growth factor beta

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Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) may regulate the biological activities of dental pulp cells. We found that human dental pulp cells expressed TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and a little amount of TGF-beta 3 messenger RNA (mRNA). The exposure of pulp cells to TGF-beta 2 induced the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, Smadl/5/8, and extracellular regulated-kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) as observed by Western blotting. Exposure to TGF-beta 2 decreased the alkaline phosphalase (ALP) mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Pretreatment of pulp cells with SB431542 (an inhibitor of TGF-beta ALK-4, ALK-5, and ALK-7 receptors) but not U0126 (a MEK1 inhibitor) prevented the inhibition of viable cell number, ALP activity, and mRNA expression by TGF-beta 2 in dental pulp cells. These results suggest that TGF-beta may affect the growth and differentiation of dental pulp cells via an autocrine fashion by activation of the ALK/Smad2/3-signal transduction pathways. TGF-beta 2 possibly regulates the differentiation of pulp cell at specific stages synergistically with other factors.

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