Early life lipid profile and metabolic programming in very young children

Background and aims: Lipid derangements during early postnatal life may induce stable epigenetic changes and alter metabolic programming. We investigated associations between serum lipid profiles in very young children and DNA methylation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and leptin (LEP). Secondly, we explored if the maternal serum lipid profile modifies DNA methylation in the child. Methods and results: In 120 healthy children at 17 months of age, DNA methylation of TNF alpha and LEP was measured in DNA derived from whole blood. Linear mixed models were used to calculate exposure-specific differences and associations. Total cholesterol in children was associated with decreased methylation of TNF alpha (-5.8%, p = 0.036), and HDL-cholesterol was associated with decreased methylation of both TNF alpha (-6.9%, p = 0.013) and LEP (-3.4%, p = 0.021). Additional adjustment for gestational age at birth, birth weight, sex, breastfeeding and educational level attenuated the effects, TNF alpha (-6.1%, p = 0.058) and LEP (-3.1%, p = 0.041). In mothers, HDL-cholesterol only was associated with decreased methylation of TNF alpha in the child (-8.7%, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our data support the developmental origin of health and disease hypothesis by showing that total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels in very young children are associated with epigenetic metabolic programming, which may affect their vulnerability for developing cardiovascular diseases in later life. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.