Journal
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Volume 25, Issue 8, Pages 787-794Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.03.011
Keywords
Albuminuria; Atherosclerosis; Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; Carotid intima-media thickness; Carotid plaque; Type 2 diabetes
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant - Korea government (MSIP) [2014R1A1A1006144]
- Korean Diabetes Association
- Catholic Medical Center Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2014R1A1A1006144] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Background and aims: Current evidence suggests that high normal albuminuria is significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the association between urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) within the normal range and subclinical atherosclerosis in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and results: This cross-sectional study involved 521 type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement and ultrasound assessment of carotid atherosclerosis was done. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by the presence of high baPWV (> 1682 cm/s),carotid atherosclerosis (intima-media thickness >0.8 mm or the presence of plaques), and carotid stenosis (>= 50% of luminal narrowing). Across the tertiles of ACR, there was a trend for an increasing prevalence of high baPWV (16.8%, 20.0%, and 38.2%, P < 0.001), carotid atherosclerosis (46.9%, 55.4%, and 64.7%, P < 0.001), and carotid stenosis (12.7%, 16.0%, and 30.1%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, patients in the highest ACR tertile had an odds ratio of 2.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-3.72, P = 0.019) for high baPWV, 1.78 (95% CI, 1.08-2.93, P = 0.024) for carotid atherosclerosis, and 2.72 (95% CI, 1.44 -5.11, P = 0.002) for carotid stenosis compared to those in the lowest tertile. The relation of ACR with carotid atherosclerosis and stenosis remained significant even in patients without diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: High normal albuminuria was significantly associated with atherosclerotic vascular changes, independent of retinopathy and other cardiovascular risk factors. High normal albuminuria may be an early marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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