Article
Food Science & Technology
Amruta Kulkarni, Ai Zhao, Baoru Yang, Yumei Zhang, Kaisa M. Linderborg
Summary: The intake of fatty acids affects the composition of lipids in the body. In this study, rats were fed a peanut-oil-based diet for 33 days after weaning to investigate the effects of mild (n-3) deficiency on the lipid composition of various organs and feces. Results showed a lower level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the (n-3) deficient group compared to the control group, but no difference in DHA content was observed in the eyes and feces. This study highlights the importance of adequate maternal nutrition for a healthy fatty acid balance in rats.
Article
Cell Biology
Karolina Dec, Mouhamed Alsaqati, Joanne Morgan, Sumukh Deshpande, Jamie Wood, Jeremy Hall, Adrian J. Harwood
Summary: There is no consensus on the treatment length, dosage, and use of specific n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in clinical trials and epidemiological studies on children and adults. The aim of this study is to develop a simplified in vitro cell model to investigate the impact of different n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on human-derived neuron activity and understand their underlying mechanism.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Birgitta Strandvik, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Johanna Painer, Carolina Backman-Johansson, Martin Engvall, Ole Froebert, Jonas Kindberg, Peter Stenvinkel, Sylvain Giroud
Summary: Factors for initiating hibernation are still unknown but it is related to consciousness/sleep and n-3 fatty acids in humans. This study examined the fatty acid profiles in the plasma of brown bears and garden dormice during hibernation and summer. The results showed consistent differences in fatty acid composition between hibernation and summer in both species, suggesting a potential link between hibernation phenotype and metabolism.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shalom Sara Thomas, Youn-Soo Cha, Kyung-Ah Kim
Summary: Perilla frutescens oil can reduce colon inflammation induced by a high-fat diet by suppressing the NF-kappa B pathway. Both fat-1 transgenic mice that produce omega-3 fatty acids endogenously and wild-type mice supplemented with perilla oil showed improvements in body weight and serum lipid levels. Additionally, perilla oil supplementation and omega-3 fatty acids production in transgenic mice were associated with increased colon length, reduced inflammation markers, and improved epithelial integrity barrier markers.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila P. Liput, Adam Lepczynski, Magdalena Ogluszka, Agata Nawrocka, Ewa Polawska, Agata Grzesiak, Brygida Slaska, Chandra S. Pareek, Urszula Czarnik, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: It is recommended to reduce saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 and n-6 in the diet to lower the risk of metabolic disorders. Western-type diet often contains excessive n-6 PUFAs and a high n-6/n-3 ratio. Oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play a role in inflammation, while PUFAs have varying effects on cell growth, proliferation, and neoplastic lesion progression, as observed in in vitro studies, animal models, and epidemiological studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Linkun Li, Zirui Wang, Yipei Li, Dapeng Wang, Yu Xiu, Huafang Wang
Summary: This study identified three PoFAD genes, PoFAD2, PoFAD6, and PoFAD3, involved in ALA biosynthesis pathway in Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii. PoFAD2 and PoFAD6 were found to catalyze linoleic acid synthesis, while PoFAD3 had the ability to produce ALA. This has significant theoretical and practical implications for breeding new tree peony varieties for human health and nutrition supplement.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ligang Yang, Chao Yang, Zhixiu Song, Min Wan, Hui Xia, Xian Yang, Dengfeng Xu, Da Pan, Hechun Liu, Shaokang Wang, Guiju Sun
Summary: Postprandial metabolism plays significant roles in various pathological conditions, and the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio is closely associated with physiological disorders. This study investigated the effects of high fat meals with different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios on postprandial metabolism in normal control and hypertriglyceridemia rats. The results showed that the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio influenced the postprandial response of triglyceride, total cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species in both normal control and hypertriglyceridemia rats.
FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
R. De Giuseppe, I. Di Napoli, C. E. Tomasinelli, Alessandra Vincenti, G. Biino, E. Sommella, L. Ferron, P. Campiglia, F. Ferrara, P. M. Casali, H. Cena
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Camelina oil-enriched crackers on serum omega-3 concentration, inflammatory markers, and serum lipid profile. The results showed that consuming Camelina oil-enriched crackers significantly increased the serum concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, but had no significant effects on inflammatory markers and lipid profile.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manoj Kumar, Namrata Pal, Poonam Sharma, Manoj Kumawat, Devojit Kumar Sarma, Bilkees Nabi, Vinod Verma, Rajnarayan R. Tiwari, Swasti Shubham, Bahram Arjmandi, Ravinder Nagpal
Summary: This paper provides insights into the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the management of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by influencing gut dysbiosis. By reviewing and discussing the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, the paper explores the associations between omega-3 fatty acids, gut dysbiosis, and the pathophysiology of T2DM and its related comorbidities. Moreover, the significance of gut microbiota in T2DM prevention and treatment is highlighted along with the potential of omega-3 fatty acids to positively modulate gut microbiota, leading to the discovery of new targets and therapeutic strategies for T2DM.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kyoko Miura, Mandy Way, Zainab Jiyad, Louise Marquart, Elsemieke I. Plasmeijer, Scott Campbell, Nicole Isbel, Jonathan Fawcett, Lisa E. Ferguson, Marcia Davis, David C. Whiteman, H. Peter Soyer, Peter O'Rourke, Adele C. Green
Summary: Higher intake of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs and alpha-linolenic acid may reduce the risk of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma among organ transplant recipients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bruna Marques, Elisabete Maciel, Maria Rosario Domingues, Ricardo Calado, Ana Isabel Lillebo
Summary: The study compared the fatty acid profiles of halophyte species cultured in aquaponics integrated with an IMTA system with those of wild conspecifics, revealing that aquaponically cultured plants had significantly higher omega-3 fatty acids in edible parts, particularly during summer, indicating good nutritional quality.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Matthew R. Panasevich, Leighann Daristotle, Ryan M. Yamka, Nolan Z. Frantz
Summary: The use of ground flaxseed in cat food can modulate serum fatty acid concentrations and serve as a bioavailable source of alpha-linolenic acid, without affecting stool quality and nutrient digestibility.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Charlotte Smith Bonde, Louis Bornancin, Yi Lu, Henrik Toft Simonsen, Maria Martinez-Valladares, Miguel Pena-Espinoza, Helena Mejer, Andrew R. Williams, Stig Milan Thamsborg
Summary: The study shows that seaweed can provide bioactive compounds with anti-parasitic activity, with Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata showing particularly high anti-parasitic activity. Fatty acids may play an important role in controlling intestinal helminth infections.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandro Gonzalez-Benjumea, Dolores Linde, Juan Carro, Rene Ullrich, Martin Hofrichter, Angel T. Martinez, Ana Gutierrez
Summary: Research on epoxide metabolites from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids has shown that fungal unspecific peroxygenases can convert these fatty acids into mono-epoxides with high regio- and enantioselectivity. Specifically, Agrocybe aegerita and Collariella virescens enzymes demonstrated 91% conversion rates with strict regioselectivity. This study highlights the potential synthetic utility of fungal peroxygenases in fatty acid epoxidation.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giulio Curone, Filippo Biscarini, Elisa Cotozzolo, Laura Menchetti, Alessandro Dal Bosco, Federica Riva, Paola Cremonesi, Stella Agradi, Simona Mattioli, Bianca Castiglioni, Alessia Di Giancamillo, Alice Cartoni Mancinelli, Susanna Draghi, Alda Quattrone, Giulia Collodel, Silvia Clotilde Modina, Cesare Castellini, Gabriele Brecchia
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of two dietary sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the gut microbiota, caecal fermentations, and gastrointestinal histology in rabbits. Results showed that n-3 PUFAs supplementation led to an increase in beneficial bacterial populations and reduced Bacilli abundance and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. These findings suggest that n-3 PUFAs diet supplementation may have positive effects on gut health, although appropriate dosage should be further investigated.