Article
Thermodynamics
Eric K. Anderson, Carlos Chiquete, Scott Jackson
Summary: Heterogeneous condensed phase explosives like PBX 9502 can remain unreacted for longer times than the reaction time of the detonating explosive when subjected to insufficient shocks. By conducting CYLEX tests, it was found that a faster core of PBX 9501 can initiate detonation in a slower annulus of PBX 9502. While shock deadened PBX 9502 may not detonate promptly, it eventually releases a significant portion of its chemical potential energy over longer timescales.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Junhong Chen, Wenchao Zhang, Yajie Chen, Mingchun Xian, Jiaxin Wang, Changkun Song, Jianyong Xu, Chunpei Yu, Gexing Yang
Summary: Electric initiating explosive devices (EIEDs) are increasingly important in military and civilian applications. New energetic films like CA-CP film and CA film need to be designed to meet the demand for sustainable devices. Improved materials have enhanced ignition performance and electrostatic sensitivity.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yongan Feng, Sitong Chen, Zhimin Li, Tonglai Zhang
Summary: By stabilizing copper(II)-azide via hydrogen bonding with NH2 substituted ligands, two highly energetic polymers, CMA-1 and CMA-2, were synthesized and confirmed to have improved thermal stability and reduced mechanical and electrostatic sensitivities. CMA-2, in particular, showed comprehensive performance beyond all other initiating substances to date, making it a promising candidate for new-generation initiating explosives with advantages like non-toxicity, high nitrogen content, and powerful ignition capability.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raouf Barboza, Stefano Marni, Fabrizio Ciciulla, Farooq Ali Mir, Giovanni Nava, Federico Caimi, Annamaria Zaltron, Noel A. Clark, Tommaso Bellini, Liana Lucchetti
Summary: In this study, we investigated the electrostatic behavior of ferroelectric liquid droplets on a lithium niobate ferroelectric crystal substrate. The droplets exhibit explosive emission of fluid jets upon entering the ferroelectric phase, mostly at the interface, which eventually form secondary droplets.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fu-De Ren, Ying-Zhe Liu, Xiao-Lei Wang, Li-Li Qiu, Zi-Hui Meng, Xiang Cheng, Yong-Xiang Li
Summary: It is impossible to reduce the selectivity of a detonation initiation reaction by strengthening the external electric field. However, by increasing the field strength opposite to the reaction axis, the reaction selectivity can be changed from intermolecular hydrogen exchange to intramolecular hydrogen transference, resulting in lower sensitivity.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xu-wen Liu, Yan Hu, Jia-heng Hu, Jia-xin Su, Cai-min Yang, Ying-hua Ye, Rui-qi Shen
Summary: This research successfully synthesized a Cu2O@HKUST-1 core-shell structure material and prepared a CuO@porous carbon (CuO@PC) composite material through gas-solid phase in-situ azidation reaction, resulting in the formation of a CuAz@PC composite energetic material. The composite material exhibits good electrostatic safety and high energy density.
DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kang-bo Sun, Shu-hai Zhang, Fu-de Ren, Yong-Ping Hao, Shu-hong Ba
Summary: The study investigates the effects of external electric fields on trigger linkages, cage strain energies, surface electrostatic potentials, impact, and shock initiation sensitivities of CL-20. Results show that changes in N-NO2 bonds are more notable than cage-forming bonds, with CSEs often stronger in electric fields. N-NO2 cleavage is the primary decomposition pathway in detonation initiation, while surface ESPs suggest N-NO2 cleavage, C-N, and C-C bond breaking may initiate reactions.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fu-de Ren, Kang-bo Sun
Summary: The study re-evaluated the calculation scheme for impact sensitivities of CL-20 in external electric fields and found that using the averages of surface electrostatic potentials may be more suitable for predicting impact sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hamza Ahmad Raza, Govindasamy TamizhMani
Summary: In this study, a non-contact electrostatic voltmeter technique is used to detect and map underperforming cells in photovoltaic modules. The technique directly maps the charged surface voltage of the glass and shows good agreement with voltmeter values obtained by other methods. The combination of electrostatic voltmeter and electroluminescence techniques allows for quantitative spatial mapping of defects. This work holds promise for detecting underperforming modules in solar PV power plants.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Franziska Wall, Hermann A. G. Schenk, Anton Melnikov, Bert Kaiser, Harald Schenk
Summary: For electrostatic actuators, predicting the pull-in failure mode is crucial. A simple nonlinear lumped parameter model is developed to accurately determine the DC pull-in and quasi-static AC pull-in voltages at different working points. The distortion analysis of harmonic distortions is proposed as a viable route for the non-destructive characterization of electrostatic actuators.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Han Liu, Guang-yan Huang, Zhi-wei Guo, Shun-shan Feng
Summary: In this study, the fragment velocity distribution of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) was measured and analyzed using flash X-ray radiography. A 3D empirical model was constructed for calculating the fragment velocity distribution, which was verified by experimental data and numerical simulation. The results show that the model is reliable and applicable for estimating the fragment velocity distributions of different charges.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Keita Takeda, Junko Suzuki, Akira Watanabe, Osamu Narumoto, Masahiro Kawashima, Yuka Sasaki, Hideaki Nagai, Katsuhiko Kamei, Hirotoshi Matsui
Summary: Aspergillus antibody testing is crucial for diagnosing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) with high sensitivity. However, false-negative results may occur depending on the Aspergillus species. This study identified non-fumigatus Aspergillus species as a significant factor associated with negative Aspergillus precipitin test results in CPA patients. The sensitivity of the test was found to be lower in non-fumigatus Aspergillus-associated CPA compared to A. fumigatus-associated CPA.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Minghai Dong, Hui Li, Shan Yin, Yingzhe Wu, Kye Yak See
Summary: GaN HEMT is a promising candidate for high-density power converter applications due to its low switching loss, but its fast switching speed makes it highly sensitive to parasitic parameters, requiring an accurate estimation method for switching losses.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Runzhe Kan, Jianxin Nie, Zheng Liu, Qingjie Jiao, Xiaole Sun, Xueyong Guo, Shi Yan, Yanli Zhu
Summary: This paper analyzes the underwater explosion shockwave characteristics of a new generation of aluminized explosives and proposes a non-ideal explosive underwater explosion shockwave model. The results show that the non-ideal behavior of aluminized explosives makes the shockwave energy of underwater explosion more sensitive to the Al/O ratio.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yang-Jee Kim, Dong-Hyuk Seo, Il-Soo Kim, Mi-Sook Jung, Jin-Young Bae, Moon-Yong Song, Kyung-Seuk Song, Jin-Sik Kim
Summary: The demand for alternatives to animal testing in evaluating eye irritation from ophthalmic medical devices has increased. This study evaluated the applicability of a human corneal model as an alternative method to test the safety of these devices. The proposed method using the MCTT HCETM model exhibited excellent reproducibility and predictive capacity, making it suitable for evaluating eye irritation caused by ophthalmic medical devices.
