Enhanced recognition of ischemia by three variable analysis of the exercise stress test

Background: ECG ST-segment deviations have been the standard measure of coronary artery disease (CAD) during the exercise stress test (EST). Our past research has shown other ECG variables to be significant in EST. This study evaluates the benefit of routinely combining these variables in the detection of CAD. Methods: Sequential patients (n = 439) with suspected CAD referred for EST had their cases reviewed. Clinical and ECG variables were associated with myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) scintigrams used to detect ischemia during maximum EST. Results: An increase in P-wave duration was the most sensitive predictor of ischemia with a sensitivity of 64.3%, a specificity of 86.5%, and a positive predictive power (PPP) of 57.8%. ST elevation >= 1 mm in lead AVR had a sensitivity of 53.1%, a specificity of 78.3%, and a PPP of 41.3%. ST depression >= 1 mm in leads V-4-V-6 had a sensitivity of 11.2%, a specificity of 94.7%, and a PPP of 37.9%. When these variables were combined, specificity and PPP increased to 100% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: EST evaluation solely by ST deviation fails to identify a significant portion of ischemic cases. Combinations of Delta PWD, ST elevation in AVR, and ST depression improved the identification of ischemia. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.