Article
Microbiology
Narelle Nancarrow, Mohammad Aftab, Grant Hollaway, Brendan Rodoni, Piotr Trebicki
Summary: Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) transmitted by aphids significantly reduces grain yield of wheat and barley. Virus infection severely affects grain number, but the timing of infection did not show significant differences in yield loss. An estimated impact factor of 0.91% yield loss for each 1% increase in natural BYDV-PAV infection was determined.
Article
Soil Science
Na Ding, Haichao Guo, Joseph Kupper, David H. McNear
Summary: The symbiosis between the fungal endophyte Epichloe coenophiala and tall fescue is believed to provide a competitive advantage under nutrient-limited conditions, with the endophyte strain having a significant influence on plant biomass production and rhizosphere biogeochemical properties. Shoot-specific endophytes, notably AR542E+, had a greater effect on rhizosphere general fungi under P limiting conditions, showing a complex relationship between endophytes, nutrient availability, and plant development.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Patricia Vaz Jauri, Cecilia de los Santos, Belen Fernandez, Jose Sotelo, Federico Battistoni
Summary: This study aimed to explore the effect of inoculation with the bacterial endophyte Streptomyces albidoflavus UYFA156 on the endophytic bacterial microbiota in different cultivars of tall fescue. The results showed that inoculation with UYFA156 significantly increased the endophytic bacterial diversity in the cultivar in which growth promotion was observed, and had a significant impact on the microbiota composition.
Article
Entomology
Zuqing Hu, Ruirui Chai, Xin Liu, Yao Dong, Dan Su, Nicolas Desneux, Xiaoling Tan, Chen Luo
Summary: The selection preferences of different morphs of aphid vectors for infected or noninfected wheat plants were studied, revealing that infective aphids prefer noninfected plants while noninfective aphids tend to select infected plants, possibly due to the influence of volatile components. Furthermore, virus-infected plants release increased volatiles which may attract noninfective aphids in a concentration-dependent manner, providing new evidence for the vector manipulation hypothesis.
JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniel J. Leybourne, Tracy A. Valentine, Kirsty Binnie, Anna Taylor, Alison J. Karley, Jorunn I. B. Bos
Summary: This study examines the relationship between drought and the plant-aphid system, finding that drought has a negative effect on both plant physiology and aphid fitness. The study also provides evidence that plant resistance influences aphid responses to drought stress. The expression of defensive compounds in plants plays an important role in determining the success of aphid populations. This study highlights the importance of plant defense mechanisms in mediating interactions between the environment, plants, and herbivorous insects.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
John M. Holland, Niamh M. McHugh, Francesca Salinari
Summary: Yellow sticky traps effectively sampled winged cereal aphids and identified spatial differences in immigration patterns within- and between fields. Farmers and agronomists need to improve their aphid identification skills, although they could detect aphid trends with minimal training. At least three times more cereal aphids were captured in crop headlands, especially next to taller field boundaries indicating that wind currents determined aphid immigration patterns within fields.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Elham Yazdkhasti, Richard J. Hopkins, Anders Kvarnheden
Summary: Non-crop plants like grasses can act as reservoirs for viruses affecting cereal crops, potentially influencing virus transmission and incidence in agricultural fields. Experimental evidence shows that grasses can serve as a source of infection for cereal-infecting viruses, highlighting the importance of understanding virus reservoirs in plant virus control strategies.
Article
Microbiology
Merike Somera, Sebastien Massart, Lucie Tamisier, Pille Soovali, Kanitha Sathees, Anders Kvarnheden
Summary: The study used high-throughput sequencing to survey different species of barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses in Estonian cereal fields, revealing a new BYDV-OYV species closely related to BYDV-PAV-CN. By analyzing complete genome sequences, the study found genetic relationships between BYDV-OYV and BYDV-PAV-CN, both meeting the species criteria of the Luteovirus genus. Update of diagnostic primers based on genomic information is essential for accurate detection and surveillance of YDVs.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mailen A. Riveira Rubin, Andrea C. Ueno, Diego Batlla, Leopoldo J. Iannone, Maria A. Martinez-Ghersa, Pedro E. Gundel
Summary: The study assessed the effects of the non-toxic endophyte AR584 on seed viability and germination in two tall fescue cultivars. Results showed a significant cultivar-by-endophyte interaction on seed germination under different temperature and water availability conditions. This information is valuable for farmers and seed companies in decision-making and seed quality preservation.
CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Renik Van den Eynde, Laura De Keukelaere, Sofie Landschoot, Bart Pycke, Jonas Claeys, Sander Smets, Thomas Van Leeuwen, Geert Haesaert
Summary: Changes in climate and the ban on neonicotinoid seed treatments may contribute to a rise in aphid infestations in small grain cereals. The distribution of aphids during the growing season is influenced by environmental factors and climate conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nikolay Dyulgerov, Boryana Dyulgerova
Summary: This study compared some morphological and yield-related traits of semi-dwarf and mid-tall cultivars of spring barley in Southeastern Bulgaria. The semi-dwarf cultivars showed significantly lower values for many traits compared to mid-tall cultivars, but there were no significant differences in spikes per plant and 1000-grain weight. Higher variation in spike length, plant height, and length of the fourth internode was observed in semi-dwarf cultivars.
BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Aaron Onufrak, Megan A. Rua, Katie Hossler
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Fletcher W. Halliday, Robert W. Heckman, Peter A. Wilfahrt, Charles E. Mitchell
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Miranda E. Welsh, James Patrick Cronin, Charles E. Mitchell
Article
Forestry
Megan A. Rua
Summary: Despite the vast diversity in soil biota, the factors influencing ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community composition and function, such as host genetic and phenotypic characteristics, remain elusive. Disturbances in forest ecosystems may play a role in maintaining ECM fungal diversity at different time scales, leading to different impacts on host seedling growth and dynamics with ECM fungi.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kayleigh R. O'Keeffe, Fletcher W. Halliday, Corbin D. Jones, Ignazio Carbone, Charles E. Mitchell
Summary: Parasites can impact and be impacted by the host’s microbiome, with certain feeding strategies leading to changes in microbiome diversity and composition. Specifically, parasites that create necrotic tissue within a host appear to have a greater impact on fungal microbiome diversity and composition compared to parasites with other feeding strategies. This highlights the need for further experimental research to understand the relationship between the microbiome and parasite infection in different parasite species.
Article
Biology
Kayleigh R. O'Keeffe, Anita Simha, Charles E. Mitchell
Summary: Inoculation experiments showed that indirect interactions among microbial symbionts within hosts, including two fungal parasites, can strongly impact disease progression. The systemic fungal endophyte, while not directly influencing disease progression, modified the interaction between the two parasites, leading to significant effects on leaf mortality in the grass plant tall fescue.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anne Ebeling, Alex T. Strauss, Peter B. Adler, Carlos A. Arnillas, Isabel C. Barrio, Lori A. Biederman, Elizabeth T. Borer, Miguel N. Bugalho, Maria C. Caldeira, Marc W. Cadotte, Pedro Daleo, Nico Eisenhauer, Anu Eskelinen, Philip A. Fay, Jennifer Firn, Pamela Graff, Nicole Hagenah, Sylvia Haider, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Rebecca L. McCulley, Charles E. Mitchell, Joslin L. Moore, Jesus Pascual, Pablo L. Peri, Sally A. Power, Suzanne M. Prober, Anita C. Risch, Christiane Roscher, Mahesh Sankaran, Eric W. Seabloom, Holger Schielzeth, Martin Schuetz, Karina L. Speziale, Michelle Tedder, Risto Virtanen, Dana M. Blumenthal
Summary: The study found that nitrogen addition significantly increased invertebrate damage and pathogen damage, with the effects of nitrogen being stronger on invertebrate damage. Precipitation levels affected damage levels in grasslands, with lower precipitation areas experiencing less damage. Human-induced inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus are likely to increase plant damage in the future, impacting multiple ecological communities and trophic levels.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kayleigh R. O'Keeffe, Brandon T. Wheeler, Charles E. Mitchell
Summary: Interactions between host-associated microbes and parasites can affect disease at the population level. Epichloe acts as a mutualist in tall fescue and increases the peak prevalence of the fungal parasite.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy E. Zanne, Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Jeff R. Powell, William K. Cornwell, James W. Dalling, Amy T. Austin, Aimee T. Classen, Paul Eggleton, Kei-Ichi Okada, Catherine L. Parr, E. Carol Adair, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Md Azharul Alam, Carolina Alvarez-Garzon, Deborah Apgaua, Roxana Aragon, Marcelo Ardon, Stefan K. Arndt, Louise A. Ashton, Nicholas A. Barber, Jacques Beauchene, Matty P. Berg, Jason Beringer, Matthias M. Boer, Jose Antonio Bonet, Katherine Bunney, Tynan J. Burkhardt, Dulcineia Carvalho, Dennis Castillo-Figueroa, Lucas A. Cernusak, Alexander W. Cheesman, Taina M. Cirne-Silva, Jamie R. Cleverly, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Timothy J. Curran, Andre M. D'Angioli, Caroline Dallstream, Nico Eisenhauer, Fidele Evouna Ondo, Alex Fajardo, Romina D. Fernandez, Astrid Ferrer, Marco A. L. Fontes, Mark L. Galatowitsch, Grizelle Gonzalez, Felix Gottschall, Peter R. Grace, Elena Granda, Hannah M. Griffiths, Mariana Guerra Lara, Motohiro Hasegawa, Mariet M. Hefting, Nina Hinko-Najera, Lindsay B. Hutley, Jennifer Jones, Anja Kahl, Mirko Karan, Joost A. Keuskamp, Tim Lardner, Michael Liddell, Craig Macfarlane, Cate Macinnis-Ng, Ravi F. Mariano, M. Soledad Mendez, Wayne S. Meyer, Akira S. Mori, Aloysio S. Moura, Matthew Northwood, Roma Ogaya, Rafael S. Oliveira, Alberto Orgiazzi, Juliana Pardo, Guille Peguero, Josep Penuelas, Luis I. Perez, Juan M. Posada, Cecilia M. Prada, Tomas Privetivy, Suzanne M. Prober, Jonathan Prunier, Gabriel W. Quansah, Victor Resco De Dios, Ronny Richter, Mark P. Robertson, Lucas F. Rocha, Megan A. Rua, Carolina Sarmiento, Richard P. Silberstein, Mateus C. Silva, Flavia Freire Siqueira, Matthew Glenn Stillwagon, Jacqui Stol, Melanie K. Taylor, Francois P. Teste, David Y. P. Tng, David Tucker, Manfred Turke, Michael D. Ulyshen, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Eduardo Van den Berg, Richard S. P. Van Logtestijn, G. F. (Ciska) Veen, Jason G. Vogel, Timothy J. Wardlaw, Georg Wiehl, Christian Wirth, Michaela J. Woods, Paul-Camilo Zalamea
Summary: Deadwood is a significant global carbon store, with its size influenced by biotic decay. Termites, as important decomposers in the tropics, show higher sensitivity to temperature changes than microbes in terms of wood consumption. As the climate warms and shifts towards tropical climates, termites are likely to have a greater impact on wood decay.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Adam M. Reed, Carson Richardson, Megan A. Rua
Summary: Midwestern forests are currently impacted by two prominent invaders, the emerald ash borer and Amur honeysuckle. The invasion of ash trees by emerald ash borer can facilitate the invasion of Amur honeysuckle, resulting in changes in the composition of forest leaf litter. Decomposition experiments and culture-based studies have shown that Amur honeysuckle leaf litter decomposes faster, with increased fungal growth and enzymatic activity for carbon degradation compared to native species leaf litter.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rita Grunberg, Brooklynn Joyner, Charles Mitchell
Summary: Host individuals can be coinfected with multiple parasite species, and the interactions between these parasites can affect the structure of the parasite community within the host. Apart from species interactions, dispersal and ecological drift can also shape parasite communities. This study investigated the role of species interactions, dispersal, and ecological drift in the assembly of parasite communities within host individuals. It was found that both historical contingency and ecological drift contributed to the divergence in parasite community assembly within hosts.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kaylyn A. S. Flanigan, Madelyn I. Czuba, Victoria R. Riesgo, Megan A. Rua, Louise M. Stevenson, Jari Willing
Summary: While corn is generally considered healthy, the use of contaminated soil amendments, such as dredged material containing heavy metals and pollutants, may introduce harmful substances into corn plants. In this study, exposure to dredge-amended corn affected behavior and hippocampal volume in rats, with males being more affected than females. These findings emphasize the importance of investigating the potential neurodevelopmental effects of contaminated crops, as well as commercially available feed corn.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Molly C. Simonis, Lynn K. Hartzler, Gregory G. Turner, Michael R. Scafini, Joseph S. Johnson, Megan A. Rua
Summary: Invasive pathogens pose a threat to wildlife health and biodiversity. While the physiological responses of highly susceptible species to pathogen infections have been well studied, the responses of less susceptible species remain unknown. This research explores how less susceptible bat species, Eptesicus fuscus, respond to long-term exposure to the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans across a latitudinal gradient in the eastern United States. The study finds that body mass decreases with increasing latitude, indicating the influence of pathogen exposure and potential environmental and ecological pressures. Understanding the response of less susceptible species to long-term pathogen exposure is crucial for maintaining population health.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sarah L. Addison, Megan A. Rua, Simeon J. Smaill, Kaitlyn J. Daley, Brajesh K. Singh, Steve A. Wakelin
Summary: The structure of microbial community in long-lived perennial trees is mainly influenced by the environment and the compartment of samples collected, rather than the depth or cardinal direction of the sample. The microbial community diversity increases with the distance from the tree within the rhizoplane and rhizosphere. This study provides systematic evidence and a robust sampling regime for studying the microbiome associated with perennial tree species.
PHYTOBIOMES JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Molly C. Simonis, Lynn K. Hartzler, Joshua Campbell, Timothy C. Carter, Lisa Noelle Cooper, Katelin Cross, Katherine Etchison, Traci Hemberger, R. Andrew King, Richard J. Reynolds, Yasmeen Samar, Michael R. Scafini, Sarah Stankavich, Gregory G. Turner, Megan A. Rua
Summary: Emerging infectious diseases pose a threat to wildlife populations. The lack of well-monitored wildlife systems makes it difficult to accurately quantify population and ecosystem losses caused by disease emergence. This study focuses on North American temperate bats, specifically Eptesicus fuscus, and provides a long-term dataset spanning the years before and after the invasive fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) caused white-nose syndrome. The dataset can be used to assess the impacts of wildlife disease and other threats, with the potential for additional contributions and variables. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).