Effects of different amine fluoride concentrations on enamel remineralization

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of decreasing fluoride concentrations on repeated demineralizing challenges on human enamel. Materials and methods: In 24 teeth, 3 mm x 3 mm windows were prepared on the buccal and lingual sides and treated in a cycling demineralization-remineralization model. Remineralization was achieved with 100, 10 and 0.1 ppm fluoride from anime fluoride. Coronal sections were cut through the artificial lesions, and three sections per tooth were investigated using polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with quantitative element analysis. Results: The morphology of the lesions was studied, and the extensions of the superficial layer and the body of the lesion were measured. Using element analysis, the Ca, P and F content were determined. The body of the lesion appeared remineralized after application of 100 ppm fluoride, while remineralization of the lesion was less successful after application of 10 and 0.1 ppm fluoride. The thickness of the superficial layer increased with decreasing fluoride concentrations, and also the extension of the body of the lesion increased. Ca and P content increased with increasing fluoride concentrations. Conclusions: The effectiveness of fluoride in enamel remineralization increased with increasing fluoride concentration. Clinical relevance: A consistently higher level of fluoride in saliva should be a goal in caries prevention. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.