Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. Husnain, U. Arshad, M. B. Poindexter, R. Zimpel, M. Nehme Marinho, M. C. Perdomo, P. Fan, K. C. Jeong, C. D. Nelson, I. M. Sheldon, J. J. Bromfield, J. E. P. Santos
Summary: The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of inducing endometrial inflammation by infusing utero-pathogenic bacteria on productive performance and reproduction in lactating cows. The results showed that induced endometrial inflammation compromised milk production and reproduction in cows.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. S. M. van der Laan, P. L. A. M. Vos, B. H. P. van den Borne, H. Aardema, T. van Werven
Summary: The study revealed that prostaglandins were the most commonly used reproductive hormone in Dutch dairy cows, followed by GnRH and progesterone. Participation in veterinary herd health management programs and the use of technologies like pedometers and automatic milking systems were associated with increased reproductive hormone use. Farms with automatic milking systems tended to use more reproductive hormones compared to those with conventional milking systems.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
P. L. J. Monteiro, B. Gonzales, J. N. Drum, J. E. P. Santos, M. C. Wiltbank, R. Sartori
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the factors related to anovulation in postpartum cows, discovering that longer dry periods, lower BCS, and diseases were associated with anovulation, with different sizes of anovular follicles showing varying risk factors.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalie Turner, Pevindu Abeysinghe, Pawel Sadowski, Murray D. Mitchell
Summary: This review explores the role of exosomes in dairy cow reproduction and introduces recent advancements in mass-spectrometry based proteomics, which have the potential to advance the quantitative profiling of exosomal protein cargo in search for early biomarkers of cattle fertility.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Bingke Wang, Jinbang Xiao, Yongjie Ma, Chuxi Gao, Hanbing Li, Yonghong Jia, Yaping Jin, Pengfei Lin
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the hormone program M+C with the Pre-OvSynch program. The results showed that the M+C program had significantly better pregnancy rates and reduced the number of artificial inseminations compared to the Pre-OvSynch program, while also significantly reducing open days.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michal Trela, Olga Witkowska-Pilaszewicz, Dominika Domanska, Monika M. Kaczmarek, Bartosz Pawlinski, Zdzislaw Gajewski, Malgorzata Domino
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of vaginal progesterone inserts therapy in cows with anestrus type II. The expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors in the endometrium was assessed, and blood levels of estradiol and progesterone were evaluated. The results showed a decrease in mRNA expression of certain receptors in both treated and untreated animals. However, treated animals showed an increase in the expression of specific receptors compared to untreated animals. In addition, the recurrence of ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy rates were higher in the treated group.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Emmet T. Kelly, Conor G. McAloon, Luke O'Grady, J. Furlong, Mark A. Crowe, Marijke E. Beltman
Summary: The study found that in seasonal calving pasture-based systems, the accuracy of estrus detection was lower at first insemination but higher at repeat insemination. Factors such as absence of mounting abrasion may increase the risk of inaccurate estrus detection.
Article
Reproductive Biology
J. S. Stevenson
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to compare postpartum health, milk yield, reproductive traits, and daily physical activities in dairy cows during late gestation by examining their ear-surface temperatures. The results showed that temperature had an impact on certain postpartum health issues and daily activity times in cows.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
S. Paudyal
Summary: Rumination time can serve as an indicator of health status in dairy cattle and can be utilized in monitoring dairy cattle during calving, estrus period, heat stressed conditions, and to detect diseases and transition cow disorders.
VETERINARY QUARTERLY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Theresa M. Casey, Karen Plaut
Summary: Understanding the biology of circadian clocks is crucial for optimizing cow health and production efficiency. Circadian clocks regulate metabolic and reproductive systems, and disruption of these clocks can negatively affect mammary development and lactation in dairy cows. External and internal cues, such as light and nutrients, play a role in setting the timing of circadian rhythms.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
George Lindley, Jim Willshire, Steven Van Winden
Summary: This study compares the effects of administering cows with prostaglandin or a modified Ovsynch (MOFT) treatment on conception, timing, and profitability. The research found that using the MOFT protocol resulted in a higher likelihood of conception during the breeding season compared to prostaglandin treatment. The relative profitability of the MOFT protocol depends on its impact on barren rate and the herd's dry-off strategy.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
R. Lefebvre, H. Larroque, S. Barbey, Y. Gallard, J. J. Colleau, A. L. Laine, D. Boichard, P. Martin
Summary: This study investigated the genetic mechanisms underlying fertility in dairy cattle, finding that age at puberty and commencement of postpartum luteal activity are heritable traits with genetic correlation. Through family structure and linkage analysis, genomic regions associated with these traits and functional candidate genes were identified, providing valuable insights into fertility determinism and highlighting the importance of incorporating endocrinological data in fertility studies.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. V. Madoz, M. B. Rabaglino, A. L. Migliorisi, M. Jaureguiberry, S. Perez Wallace, N. Lorenti, G. Dominguez, M. J. Giuliodori, R. L. de la Sota
Summary: This study evaluated the association between progesterone concentration and endometrial transcriptome in lactating grazing dairy cows, finding that progesterone levels have a significant impact on endometrial gene expression, particularly in relation to the preparation of the embryo implantation environment.
DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Surajit Das, Arsha Shaji, Dipti Nain, Shubham Singha, M. Karunakaran, Rubina Kumari Baithalu
Summary: Precision livestock farming (PLF) utilizes ICT to monitor, control, and enhance livestock productivity, reproduction, health, welfare, and environmental impact. However, challenges such as battery lifespan, transmission range, specificity and sensitivity, storage capacity, and economic feasibility need to be addressed.
TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ligia C. Moreira, Guilherme J. M. Rosa, Daniel M. Schaefer
Summary: Despite over 3 million dairy cows entering the U.S. food supply chain each year, research on this topic is limited. This review highlights the importance of dairy cows as a beef source and provides an overview of various topics from farm to meat product, including culling, marketing, transportation, welfare, body composition, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and traceability.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ligia Cavani, Michael B. Poindexter, Corwin D. Nelson, Jose E. P. Santos, Francisco Penagaricano
Summary: The study examined the genetic basis of postpartum blood Ca concentration in Holstein cows through genomic analysis, identifying major gene regions and pathways affecting Ca concentration. Genomic predictions showed correlations for phenotypic and genomic estimated breeding values, contributing to potential strategies for reducing periparturient hypocalcemia in dairy cattle.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. M. Hubner, I. F. Canisso, P. M. Peixoto, A. J. Conley, F. S. Lima
Summary: The study found that administering GnRH at the time of artificial insemination did not significantly impact ovulation rate, post-AI progesterone levels, and pregnancy rate in cows detected in estrus. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between GnRH administration at AI and activity levels in herds using automated monitoring systems.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
R. S. Bisinotto, E. S. Ribeiro, L. F. Greco, D. Taylor-Rodriguez, A. D. Ealy, H. Ayres, F. S. Lima, N. Martinez, W. W. Thatcher, J. E. P. Santos
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of follicular wave and progesterone concentration on growth of the ovulatory follicle, conceptus elongation, uterine IFN-tau concentration, and transcriptome of conceptus and endometrium in pregnant cows. The results indicated that progesterone concentration had an impact on the growth of ovulatory follicle, but overall had minimal effects on the conceptus and endometrium transcriptome.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
I. J. Lean, S. J. LeBlanc, D. B. Sheedy, T. Duffield, J. E. P. Santos, H. M. Golder
Summary: Data from three countries were analyzed to evaluate the association between parity and disease in Holstein cows. The study found that higher parity was associated with increased disease risk and changes in metabolite concentrations.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. B. Poindexter, R. Zimpel, A. Vieira-Neto, A. Husnain, A. C. M. Silva, A. Faccenda, A. Sanches de Avila, P. Celi, C. Cortinhas, J. E. P. Santos, C. D. Nelson
Summary: The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of supplementing 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared with vitamin D3 at 1 or 3 mg/d in late gestation on production outcomes of dairy cows. The results showed that feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 increased colostrum and milk yield compared to vitamin D3. The effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on milk yield may be related to serum calcium concentrations.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
I. J. Lean, H. M. Golder, S. J. LeBlanc, T. Duffield, J. E. P. Santos
Summary: In this retrospective meta-analysis, individual cow data was used to assess the associations between parity, level of production, and pasture-based or intensively fed systems with fertility. The study found that parity and milk production measures had significant effects on reproductive outcomes. Differences in production systems also influenced reproductive measures.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Z. B. Turner, F. S. Lima, A. J. Conley, B. R. McNabb, J. D. Rowe, A. Garzon, T. M. Urbano, C. M. Morris, R. V. Pereira
Summary: The most frequent definition for cystic ovarian disease in cattle is an abnormally persistent follicle (>7 to 10 d) with a diameter >25 mm. Discriminating between luteal and follicular ovarian cystic structures has traditionally been done by measuring the rim width of luteal tissue. The most common practice for diagnosing cystic ovarian disease is rectal palpation with or without the use of a B-mode ultrasound.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
U. Arshad, A. Husnain, M. B. Poindexter, R. Zimpel, M. C. Perdomo, J. E. P. Santos
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) on hepatic metabolism in cows. The results showed that supplementation of RPC reduced hepatic triacylglycerol and increased glycogen content. Additionally, RPC supplementation had an impact on serum haptoglobin levels, but did not affect the concentrations of fatty acids, BHB, glucose, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol in the blood.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Ali Husnain, Usman Arshad, Roney Zimpel, Eduardo Schmitt, Mackenzie J. Dickson, Milerky C. Perdomo, Mariana N. Marinho, Nadia Ashrafi, Stewart F. Graham, Jeanette Bishop, Thomas R. Hansen, Kwang C. Jeong, Angela M. Gonella-Diaza, Ricardo C. Chebel, I. Martin Sheldon, John J. Bromfield, Jose E. P. Santos
Summary: Endometrial inflammation in cows is associated with reduced pregnancy rates and increased pregnancy loss. Induced endometritis alters histotroph composition and induces inflammatory signatures on conceptus, compromising their development. Bacterial-induced endometritis impairs conceptus development by altering histotroph composition and conceptus gene expression in dairy cattle.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
T. C. Marques, C. F. A. Lage, D. R. Bruno, E. D. Fausak, M. I. Endres, F. C. Ferreira, F. S. Lima
Summary: The adoption of Automatic Milking System (AMS) in the United States is increasing due to factors such as lower availability and increased cost of labor. The new generation of farmers is also showing more interest in precision dairy farming. Most of the research on non-pasture-based AMS is conducted in Europe, with variations in the breeds of cows, brands of AMS used, and traffic flow. The main research topics focus on milk production, milk composition, AMS efficiency, as well as behavior and welfare, health disorders, and nutrition. In the United States, the trends are similar to Europe, except for nutrition. Future research should focus on reproductive management, other health disorders, economics, and water and energy consumption optimization.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. Casaro, J. G. Prim, T. D. Gonzalez, C. C. Figueiredo, R. S. Bisinotto, R. C. Chebel, J. E. P. Santos, C. D. Nelson, S. J. Jeon, R. C. Bicalho, J. P. Driver, K. N. Galvao
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify metabolites associated with metritis and investigate the cellular mechanisms affected during the transition into lactation. The results showed significant changes in metabolism, lipolysis, cell death, oxidative stress, and immune activation in cows with metritis, indicating a predisposition to metritis development.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eduardo B. de Oliveira, Hugo F. Monteiro, Jessica M. V. Pereira, Deniece R. Williams, Richard V. Pereira, Noelia Silva Del Rio, Paulo R. Menta, Vinicius S. Machado, Fabio S. Lima, Bruno Stefanon
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify potential biomarkers for predicting the development and cure of metritis in dairy cows by analyzing the metabolome of vaginal discharge. The study found that metritis was associated with changes in the uterine metabolome, and metabolome analysis of vaginal discharge could be an important tool for understanding postpartum vaginal discharge changes and the dynamics of metritis development and cures.
Article
Microbiology
Carl Basbas, Adriana Garzon, Cory Schlesener, Machteld van Heule, Rodrigo Profeta, Bart C. Weimer, Noelia Silva-del-Rio, Barbara A. Byrne, Betsy Karle, Sharif S. Aly, Fabio S. Lima, Richard V. Pereira
Summary: This study assessed the microbial ecology and diversity in the uterus of post-partum dairy cows with and without metritis using shotgun metagenomics. The results showed that cows without metritis had increased alpha-diversity and decreased beta-diversity compared to cows with metritis. Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium were found to be more abundant in cows with metritis compared to cows without metritis.
Meeting Abstract
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
U. Arshad, A. Husnain, M. B. Poindexter, R. Zimpel, M. C. Perdomo, J. E. P. Santos
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mariana Nehme Marinho, Jose E. P. Santos
Summary: This study evaluated the associations between residual dry matter intake or residual feed intake and plasma metabolite concentrations in early lactation and reproduction in Holstein cows. The findings suggest that improving feed efficiency is associated with decreased dry matter intake, prolonged days open, and improved reproductive performance.
FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)